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1.
    
Protected areas in fishery management have been suggested to hedge management failures and variation in harvests. In this paper, a stochastic bioeconomic model of a two-species fishery in the Manning Bioregion is used to test the performance of protected areas as a management tool in a fishery. The establishment of a protected area is analysed under the assumption of heterogenous environments that are linked via density-dependent or sink-source stock dispersal relationships. The sensitivity of the results to different degrees of management is also explored. The model is applied to the Ocean Prawn Trawl, and Ocean Trap and Line fisheries within Manning Bioregion in New South Wales, Australia. The focus of the study is placed on the biological and institutional characteristics that yield benefits to the fishery. It was found that protected area use in the Manning Bioregion is likely to have differing effects on the two fisheries examined, benefiting Ocean Trap and Line fishers but adversely affecting Ocean Prawn Trawl fishers. Overall, it is unlikely that protected area use will lead to an increase resource rent in the fishery.  相似文献   

2.
基于生态系统的渔业管理理论探讨   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4  
目前,我国海洋渔业资源处于严重的枯竭状态,生态系统日趋退化,有些甚至已丧失了其原有的生态功能。这部分归因于传统渔业管理往往把单一种类列为管理对象,而忽略了生境、捕食者、被捕食者和生态系统等要素间的相互作用和影响。面对这一现实,及时调整管理单元,建构基于生态系统的渔业管理体系,也就显得尤为必要和迫切。作者介绍了基于生态系统的渔业管理的基本概念、目标和指导原则,并就如何改善我国现行渔业管理体系提出了看法。  相似文献   

3.
Coastal areas are worldwide characterized by multiple pressures generated by high levels of urbanization and by conflictual and inappropriate uses. The establishment of protected areas represents a tool to contrast such pressures. The integration between planning tools represents a key issue, in particular in the Mediterranean area; hence, it has been addressed by both legally binding acts and voluntary agreements and charters concerning coastal zone management as well as marine spatial planning. By looking at two Italian case studies and analyzing their planning documents currently in force, our study aims at assessing the level of integration in relation to planning and management of areas characterized by the coexistence of various nature protection regimes. Our analysis shows that, although integration seems to be a key point in the planning agenda and in spite of some improvements, an integrated management approach in Mediterranean coastal and marine areas is still in its infancy. The results of the analysis show that, rather than contributing to building an integrated approach to marine and coastal zone management, each planning tool focuses on complying with its sectoral, normative framework. This situation can partly be attributed to the multilayered, and complex, Italian framework, characterized by several categories of protected areas with their own legal act and objectives.  相似文献   

4.
Dynamic Use of Closures and Imperfectly Enforced Quotas in a Metapopulation   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The dynamic efficiency of closures in bioeconomic systems depends upon stock levels and in situ values that evolve over time, and on relative costs of implementation. A model of a harvested metapopulation is presented in which second-best reduction of harvest from open-access levels using input quotas balances monitoring costs against dynamic benefits of mitigating overharvesting. Temporary or permanent closures—though generally still second best—are preferable to quotas under certain conditions, as demonstrated for a representative patch and time period. Interactions between patches are discussed. Numerical solutions illustrate comparative dynamics of closure use, and show their potential benefits in a dynamic regulatory path.  相似文献   

5.
    
No‐take marine reserves have been increasingly advocated as an effective means of supporting marine ecosystems and conserving fisheries resources. A major problem that can hinder the effectiveness of no‐take reserves is the incidence of illegal fishing, which has created significant ecological and economic losses in global fisheries. We construct a bioeconomic model to explore the connection between the effects of no‐take reserves and illegal fishing activities in relation to the level of regulatory control of illegal activities in the reserve and fished areas. Our parameterised model shows that the effects of no‐take reserves on both the extent of illegal fishing and the fish biomass critically depend on illegal fishing regulations and the scale and patterns of fish dispersal. In a fishery where illegal fishing can only be partially controlled, increasing the size of the no‐take reserve may result in a lose‐lose situation in which the level of illegal fishing effort increases and the total biomass decreases. Our results further show that when the pattern of fish dispersal is density dependent, imposing a stricter control on illegal fishing in either reserves or fished areas increases the aggregate level of illegal fishing.  相似文献   

6.
Marine‐protected areas (MPAs) are an effective means of improving habitat quality and biodiversity in the world’s oceans. While the advantages of MPAs as a mechanism for conservation and biodiversity are well established, the potential improvements to fishery performance resulting from a network of MPAs are still being established. Countries around the world have committed to establishing networks of MPAs within their waters by 2020, in response to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. This, coupled with the increasing global demand for seafood and heavy reliance on fishery resources as a source of economic development for many coastal communities, means that an understanding of how these networks can be expected to impact fishery performance is extremely important. We use a difference‐in‐difference modelling approach to isolate the change in the fishery performance associated with the south‐east marine reserve network in Australia. We find no evidence that the economic performance of adjacent fisheries was negatively impacted by the network. This lack of impact is likely due to a network design explicitly intended to avoid effort displacement in key fisheries, along with fishery management changes intended to remove excess fishing capacity.  相似文献   

7.
海洋渔业产业结构性矛盾与调整对策的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在我国海洋渔业产业结构中,第一产业的产值约占总产值的54%,第二产业为32%、第三产业仅占14%,表明我国海洋渔业存在产业结构层次较低的现象。同时,在各产业内部,又存在产业严重趋同和经济效益低下的低水平经营现象。本文试图从解剖我国海洋渔业产业结构存在的问题着手,分析形成这些问题的原因,探讨调整沿岸海洋渔业产业结构的可能途径。  相似文献   

8.
海洋生物资源管理是一项相当复杂的任务,其复杂性不仅源于资源和环境本身的不确定性和复杂性,鱼类种群内部、种群之间以及种群与环境之间复杂的相互依赖和相互作用等;也源于人类心理与行为的复杂性,人类知识以及以此为基础所建构的制度的局限性。因此,要确保海洋渔业可持续发展,就不仅需要自然科学的支撑,更需要社会科学的支撑。  相似文献   

9.
    
Allocation of fish resources is a controversial subject. This is partly because of our limited understanding of the values of fishing opportunities. This study investigates fishing site choices in Western Australia using national survey data covering eight major fishing regions and forty‐eight fishing sites. We estimate a random utility model (RUM) of site choice with a supporting negative binomial model of angler‐specific expected catch rates. Value estimates for fish types, fishing site attribute changes and access values are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

10.
激励相容与渔业管理   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
伴随着技术的不断进步和水产品市场需求的持续高涨,海洋生物资源稀缺性矛盾日趋尖锐。稀缺意味着竞争,竞争需要规范,产权是规范竞争的一种有效机制。产权重要,是因为不同的产权制度内含不同的激励效应。从而对渔民行为产生不同的影响,并进而决定渔业绩效。因此,构建激励相容的渔业产权机制,是确保渔业可持续发展的关键,也是渔业管理者“绕不过去的一道坎”。  相似文献   

11.
渔民合作组织在小型渔业管理中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
随着小型渔业逐渐受到重视以及传统渔业管理方法弊端的显现,渔业管理者和学者开始研究适合小型渔业的管理方法,并把焦点集中在渔民参与型管理方法上,渔民合作组织就是参与型管理的一种具体形式。本文通过文献分析和走访调研,总结了小型渔业的定义和管理概况、研究了渔民合作组织的发展状况以及日本、土耳其和中国应用渔民合作组织管理小型渔业的案例,并结合中国渔民合作组织的现状,对中国改善小型渔业管理状况提出建议。  相似文献   

12.
近年来,随着"蓝色经济"概念的提出,国内关于海洋渔业贡献度的关注越来越多。本文旨在通过定性和定量分析相结合的方法,对我国海洋渔业发展现状进行研究,分析海洋渔业贡献度的影响因素,并采用Solow-Swan模型就我国海洋渔业对海洋经济的贡献度进行测算。研究发现,随着海洋经济的发展以及其他海洋新型产业的快速上升,我国海洋渔业占海洋生产总值的比重相对偏低,对海洋经济贡献度呈现出下降趋势。  相似文献   

13.
自2011年国务院批复《山东半岛蓝色经济区发展规划》以来,浙江、广东、福建等沿海地区也相继建立了各自的海洋经济示范规划区。本文通过对海洋渔业与海洋经济关系的统计分析,利用ADF检验、协整检验、格兰杰检验,以及VAR模型和面板模型,实证研究了我国沿海11省市海洋渔业对海洋经济贡献度的固定影响和随机影响效应。研究发现,我国海洋渔业对海洋经济贡献度呈现出明显的地区异化现象。  相似文献   

14.
辽宁省海洋渔业发展的瓶颈与对策建议   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
论文在梳理辽宁海洋渔业发展现状与特点的基础上,系统分析了现阶段制约辽宁海洋渔业发展的瓶颈问题,即资源环境的刚性约束、科技创新投入低原动力不足、水产品质量安全存在隐患、产业化程度低结构不合理、生产成本增加熟练工流失。在此基础上,有针对性的提出了解决的对策建议,即加强对海洋渔业资源环境的养护和修复、依靠科技创新调整海洋渔业产业结构和增长方式、加快海洋渔业产业化布局、沿海市县错位发展、提高水产品质量安全水平、扩大水产品出口贸易、加强对发展海洋渔业的管理与服务。  相似文献   

15.
为研究我国海洋渔业第一产业劳动生产率增长的动力结构,运用转换份额分析法将1989-2014年我国海洋渔业第一产业劳动生产率增长率分解为由产业结构变迁引致的静态与动态结构变迁效应、由技术进步引致的生产率增长效应,结果显示生产率增长效应对海洋渔业第一产业劳动生产率的增长贡献远高于静态与动态结构变迁效应之和的贡献,静态与动态结构变迁效应之和的贡献表现为"先增大、后减少"态势,生产率增长效应的贡献表现为"先逐渐减少、后增大"态势。技术进步是海洋渔业第一产业劳动生产率增长的主要动力;海水养殖业对海洋渔业第一产业劳动生产率增长的贡献大于海洋捕捞业。  相似文献   

16.
我国海洋生态系的恢复重建与渔业资源可持续利用   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
认真分析我国海洋生态系退化原因,根据生态系统恢复重建的理论,参照内陆水域生态恢复重建的理论与实践,并按照可持续渔业的原则,提出海洋生态系恢复重建的基本原理在于要以生物多样性为基础.以营养链为网络,在适当海域恢复不同层次的生态链,恢复重建海洋生态系的完整性;并据此提出以实施海洋生态系恢复重建来实现渔业资源可持续利用的战略构想:海洋生物多样性与生态系营养链的恢复重建、海洋渔业捕捞强度、养殖密度控制和加强海洋环境保护等。  相似文献   

17.
渔业生态标签制度的发展与问题   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在如何提高渔业资源可持续利用水平这一国际背景下,FAO倡导创设渔业生态标签并提出了初步设想,随后MSC进一步丰富和发展了这一制度。实践证明,生态标签制度通过市场力量,有助于提高渔业从业者保护渔业资源和环境的意识,因而有助于渔业资源的可持续利用。本文旨在系统介绍渔业生态标签制度的基本理念、发展过程、应用情况及其引发的问题。  相似文献   

18.
本文调查、分析了我国渔业船舶报废制度实施的效果,结合我国汽车报废的实践,提出了改进我国渔业船舶报废管理的建议。  相似文献   

19.
通过阐述水产养殖主体、苗种来源、产地、投入品、产品和记录六个方面的渔业生产合法性审查主要内容以及审查分工与审查程序,总结2011—2013年常州市渔业生产合法性审查工作的组织推进、综合评审、结果运用、规范管理等实践情况,分析渔业生产合法性审查工作中存在问题,并提出对策建议。建议在更高层面、更广范围推行渔业生产合法性审查工作,为渔业行政管理部门及其渔政监督机构深入推进依法行政、保障水产品质量安全、维护渔农民权益、促进渔业持续健康发展,探索一条全新的路径。  相似文献   

20.
渔业共同管理模式初探   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
就如何优化我国渔业管理体制而言,目前我国学者还大多停留在对如何完善管理措施的研究上.这与国际社会特别是渔业发达国家的管理理论与实践相结合形成了鲜明的对比,后者不仅重视管理措施是否有效,也重视管理过程是否合理.近二十多年来,共同管理机制之所以在许多国家得到了广泛的应用,正是日益重视管理过程的一个结果.本文介绍了共同管理的基本理念及其优势,建议在我国渔业管理制度建设中应重视建构这样一种机制.  相似文献   

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