美国电力监管实践及对我国启示

美国是推进电力市场化改革较早的国家之一，其在电力监管方面积累了较为丰富的经验。学习与借鉴美国电力监管的模式与经验，对我国完善行业监管具有重要意义。本文分析了美国电力行业监管的实践经验，结合行业特点，分析提出了对我国电力监管的启示。     

关键是打破垄断——电力体制改革的国际经验及对我国的启示

发达国家电力改革的基本做法 自20世纪八十年代开始，以英美等国为代表，西方工业国家陆续进行了电力市场化改革。从改革的过程看，西方工业国家实行电力改革的做法大同小异，基本都是对国有电力公司实行私有化（或公司制改组），拆分垂直一体化管理的电力公司，在发电环节建立竞争性电力市场，对输、配电企业实行规范、透明的监管，在售电环节逐渐允许大用户选择电力公司。     

深化我国电力体制改革的基本设想

自2002年国务院颁布电力体制改革方案以来，我国电力体制改革取得了一定进展，可概括为：电源、电网建设迅猛发展，较快地缓解了电力短缺；通过实施“厂网分开”，初步构建起了有利于在发电侧引入公平竞争的市场结构；组建了独立的电力监管机构，朝着建设现代电力监管制度迈出了基础性的一步；在一些地区开展电力市场的试点工作，检验不同市场模式在我国（甚至不同地区）的适用性；出台了电价改革方案，明确了电价改革的方向和具体办法。     

电网施工企业财务监管存在的问题与对策

电力财务监管在我国是一个全新的题目，文章针对我国电力财务监管现状．提出了要将电力财务监管职权集中于独立的电力监管机构的建议，在此基础上提出必须明确电力财务监管的具体监管职责，建立财务能力分析指标体系，开展电力监管会计制度研究等建议。     

电力监管制度建立过程中需进一步解决的两个问题

构建现代电力监管制度，对于电力体制改革的顺利实施意义重大，同时也对我国其他垄断行业的改革提供经验。本文针对目前电力监管改革中机构细化和职能设置这两个尚存在的争议的问题，提出了电力监管组织机构的设计如何与电力市场发展的特征相协调，电力监管机构的职能如何体现责权对等的原则等建议。     

电力体制改革方案确定

厂网分开，竞价上网；打破垄断，引入竞争，我国电力体制改革将迈出重大步伐。电力体制改革方案已经得到国务院批准，开始进入实施阶段。根据这一方案，我国电力体制将实施厂网分开，重组发电和电网企业；实行竞价上网，建立电力市场运行规则和政府监管体系，初步建立竞争、开放的区域电力市场，实行新的电价机制；制定发电排放的环境折价标准，形成激励清洁电源发展的新机制；开展发电企业向大用户直接供电的试点工作，改变电网企业独家购买电力的格局；继续推进农村电力管理体制的改革。国家计委有关负责人解释说，厂网分开，主要指将国家…     

英国电力产业的政府监管

英国的电力改革为世界各国电力产业重构提供了宝贵的经验。英国的电力监管也是值得研究的重要方面。从电力产业私有化开始,政府电力主管的角色由以前的管制过渡到主导电力产业改革、反垄断的部门,再过渡到电力市场独立的监管者。在改革步骤、监管范围、监管方式方面提供了有益的借鉴。     

英国电力产业的政府监管

英国的电力改革为世界各国电力产业重构提供了宝贵的经验。英国的电力监管也是值得研究的重要方面。从电力产业私有化开始,政府电力主管的角色由以前的管制过渡到主导电力产业改革、反垄断的部门,再过渡到电力市场独立的监管者。在改革步骤、监管范围、监管方式方面提供了有益的借鉴。     

电监会将规范电力交易市场

为规范电力交易行为，国家电力监管委员会正在制定电力交易指导意见。主要内容是： 一、改变电力交易机构。各地设立电力交易机构，由国家电力监管委员会审定批准。调整现有国家电网公司设立在各省的30个电力交易大厅。     

丽水电业局

浙江丽水电业局成立于1981年4月，是国家电网公司下属大型供电企业，隶属于浙江省电力公司。目前下辖省属企业莲都供电局，并受浙江省电力公司委托对青田、景宁、云和、龙泉、遂昌、缙云、庆元、松阳等八县（市）电力（供电）局实行代管，承担着为丽水地方经济发展和人民生活提供可靠优质电力保障的重要责任。[第一段]     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

我国发展天文旅游的条件、前景探析及策略思考

天文旅游资源从成因可以分为行星地球天文旅游资源、天体天文旅游资源和天文文化旅游资源三类。天文旅游方兴未艾,我国天文旅游具有很大发展前景。文章对我国开展天文旅游的条件进行了分析,对发展天文旅游的策略和措施进行了梳理。     

城市社会的开放与农民的城市化

城市社会在对农民的开放与封闭之中徘徊。改革开放后城市社会对农民的开放已经使很多农民城市化。城市社会对农民的封闭已由政策性封闭转向经济性封闭。城市社会对农民的封闭增加了农民城市化的成本和社会风险。必须加强城市社会对农民的开放,逐步消除对农民的封闭政策,以推进农民的城市化。     

信息化时代商学院图书馆的建设与发展——中、美四大名校商学院图书馆建设的比较与启示

信息化时代中美商学院图书馆的建设与发展,成为当今时代高等商学教育发展与进步的一个重要环节,对中美四大商学院图书馆的发展状况、差距进行分析比较,对促进我国商学院图书馆事业的改革、建设和发展具有一定的启示作用和参考价值。