Growing East Asia

It was a busy exchanging period of East Asia in recent days. From October 28 to 31, 2007 the fourth China-ASEAN Expo (CAEXPO) and the fourth China-ASEAN Business and Investment Summit (CABIS) were held concurrently in Nanning, capital city of Guangxi Province in China. In the Expo,China witnessed a turnout of over 33,000 trade visitors and over 180 investment cooperation projects with ASEAN.     

中国反倾销跨越动机对外直接投资研究

本文利用Stackelberg寡头垄断模型证实了反倾销导致企业贸易成本上升会触发企业反倾销跨越动机对外直接投资.基于面板数据模型的实证分析证实了中国企业反倾销跨越动机对外直接投资的存在,并且进一步发现东道国由于失业率上升而实施的反倾销会强化反倾销跨越投资动机,而经济衰退或贸易失衡引发的反倾销则有可能削弱反倾销跨越投资动机.     

2008 East Asia Investment Forum Investment Cooperation in East Asia Facing Global Financial Fluctuations

2008 East Asia Investment Forum was held from May 10 to May 11 in Beijing with the theme of ＂Investment Cooperation in East Asia Facing Global Financial Fluctuations＂. It shed light on investment challenges and opportunities in Vietnam, Lao, Cambodia and Burma which are the four emerging markets in East Asia, and investment hotspots in Vietnam as well as the potential for investment cooperation in East Asia.     

Ireland's Foreign Direct Investment Competitive Advantage and Japanese Outward Foreign Direct Investment

This article addresses Ireland's record in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI has been identified as one of the key factors that has spurred the growth of the Celtic Tiger. An adaptation of Porter's Diamond is offered to explain the determinants of Ireland's competitive advantage in attracting FDI. The overall trends in FDI inflows to Ireland are considered. The study then focuses on Japanese FDI into Europe and Ireland in particular. The pattern of Japanese FDI flows into Ireland is analysed in the context of Ireland's determinants of FDI competitive advantage. Future considerations around Ireland's model of competitive advantage are addressed.     

ASEAN's role in Japan's economic policy in East Asia

Although Japan's economic and trade policy with the United States and Europe has been widely researched in such works as Tyson (1992), relatively less research has been done on Japan's recent trade and economic policies towards other East Asian countries such as Korea and Taiwan. Since the mid-1980s, because of rising labor costs and appreciation of the Japanese yen, Japan has increased manufacturing production in ASEAN countries such as Thailand and Malaysia. The purpose of this short article is to discuss Japan's increased economic focus in Asia, and implications for East Asian countries such as Korea and Taiwan. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

财政政策不确定性与对外直接投资

基于Huang和Luk构建的财政政策不确定性指数,本文采用2003～2018年中国与88个国家的面板数据检验了财政政策不确定性与对外直接投资(OFDI)的相关关系.结果显示:(1)中国财政政策不确定性对OFDI有显著正向影响;(2)金融危机前,中国财政政策不确定性对OFDI呈现出显著抑制作用,危机后呈现出显著促进作用;(3)相比发展中国家,中国财政政策不确定性对在发达国家的OFDI促进作用更大,且OFDI在发达国家更关注经济增长速度,在发展中国家更关注能源禀赋和制度稳定因素.这一研究结果为探索中国OFDI飞速发展提供了新的研究视角,也启示中国政府应尽可能保证财政政策的稳定性与持续性,防止因规避国内财政政策不确定性风险造成盲目对外投资,同时还需对不同地区的OFDI进行差异化引导,提升中国OFDI的质量.     

日本对外直接投资对日元国际化的影响——基于动态空间杜宾模型的分析

对外直接投资是推动货币国际化发展的重要影响因素之一。利用1998～2016年日本与东道国的双边数据,结合动态空间杜宾模型,探究日本OFDI对日元国际化的影响。结果发现,日本企业走出去对日元国际地位提升具有直接而积极的影响,但其空间溢出效应不明显。由此可知,在推进货币国际化过程中,持续的对外直接投资具有必要性;同时,应集中关注母国OFDI的行为本身及其全球投资分布对本国货币国际化的直接影响。     

Emerging Profiles of Polish Outward Foreign Direct Investment

In this study, the authors identify the emerging profiles of Poland's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) at the macro- and micro-levels and propose relevant policy measures. They also set up a theoretical framework for further investigation of the identified trends and patterns. Both types of analysis—macro and micro—point to a regional focus of Poland's OFDI on Europe and to a sectoral concentration on services, followed by manufacturing. At the same time, the micro-analysis reveals a dominant role of a few largest Polish multinationals in the country's OFDI.     

Outward Foreign Direct Investment by Chinese National Oil Companies

Developed countries have become increasingly suspicious about the rapid growth of Chinese investments in their home countries and abroad, commonly citing potential threats to national security and global governance as the main sources of anxieties. As a result, policy measures in some developed markets have been put in place to create additional regulation and oversight, specifically in highly regulated and strategic industries, such as the oil sector. This article refutes a number of popular myths about Chinese investments in the global oil industry, and suggests a more rigorous dialogue with the Chinese authorities relating to their integration into international institutions.     

On Determinants of Japan's Foreign Direct Investment in Eastern Europe

Summary

The paper takes issue with some untested but often repeated assertions that Japanese FDI positions in Eastern Europe are weak. Japan's economic relations with Eastern Europe, including FDI, should be understood in the context of Japan's global economic relations. Therefore, it might not be appropriate to approach the question armed with absolute FDI numbers only. So, the author proceeds to empirically test some of these assertions by calculating directional trade ratios and directional FDI ratios! As a result of his approach, he claims that Japan's FDI position in Poland is not significantly weaker compared to its trade position or to other advanced countries' positions. The paper also suggests that, although Japan's FDI in Poland has been undoubtedly stagnant, the larger problem is that the Polish FDI environment is still problematic due mainly to repayment risks and rather low levels of real per capita income.     

Analysis of Domestic Factors Affecting Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Brazil

Developing markets have increasingly gained prominence in the world economy, but the domestic factors behind this success are not well established. This uncertainty may interfere with multinational expansion plans. In this article, we examine several macroeconomic and institutional factors affecting Brazilian outward foreign direct investment in 17 destination countries. We applied a pooled ordinary least squares regression over the 2001–2014 period. The findings suggest that macroeconomic factors are still statistically significant to explain investment abroad, but several institutional factors such as corruption have emerged, having a negative effect and political violence having a positive effect on Brazilian outward foreign direct investment.     

对外直接投资、主权信用与投资风险——基于国别样本的动态面板分析

本文基于2003—2015年中国对135个国家(地区)的投资数据,采用动态面板数据模型分析东道国主权信用对中国对外直接投资的影响。研究结果表明:从全球范围看,中国企业对外直接投资偏向主权信用较低、投资风险较大的国家;单独对"一带一路"沿线国家、资源丰裕国家和发达国家的分析表明,该类国家的主权信用对中国对外直接投资呈U型影响:当东道国主权信用低于某一水平时,中国对外直接投资偏向主权信用较低的国家;当东道国主权信用超出某一水平时,中国对外直接投资则偏向主权信用较高的国家。中国对外直接投资趋向东道国主权信用水平的两个极端——战略资产丰富的高主权信用国和自然资源丰裕的低主权信用国。     

日本对中国直接投资战略调整及中国应对措施

日本出于经济复苏、经济安全等方面考虑,为保持本土企业竞争力,占领中国市场等方面的需要,于近十几年间在对华投资规模、投资领域以及具体战略选择上都不断进行着调整。这些调整一方面促进了中日贸易和中国经济的发展,另一方面也对我国本土企业的发展产生了一定负面影响。为了发挥日资的正面效应,我国应完善法规、优化投资环境;加强中日两国政府之间的沟通;加强对日本投资的引导作用;加大研发投入力度,增强企业技术创新能力。     

劳动保护、用工成本与企业对外直接投资

以2008年《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》的颁布为背景,基于企业异质性理论的分析框架,本文对劳动保护、用工成本与企业对外直接投资的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明:《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》的实施显著提升了我国企业开展对外投资的概率;异质性分析显示,这种促进作用在东部地区企业、非高新技术行业企业、生产型对外直接投资企业以及高生产率企业样本中更加显著;《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》的颁布可以通过增加企业的工资薪酬、固定用工成本以及提高企业所面临的劳动保护程度三个机制来提升我国企业开展对外直接投资的概率,并通过对外直接投资提升了企业绩效。     

Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment: A Review of Empirical Research

In the past decade, Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has become a major element of global capital flows. As a consequence, recent years have witnessed an increasing growth in the number of papers focusing on Chinese companies “going global.” This paper reviews 112 empirical papers focusing on Chinese OFDI that were published in major scholarly journals between 2002 and 2014. We report on individual and institutional contributions, citations, the theories and methods used and the research topics. We also identify the research gaps and discuss the implications of our literature review for future theory building.     

东道国城镇化与中国对外直接投资

本文运用中国对158个国家(地区)2003-2013年对外直接投资的面板数据实证研究东道国城镇化对中国对外直接投资的影响,研究结果表明:东道国城镇化水平与中国对外直接投资呈反向变动的关系,而东道国城镇化速度则与中国对外直接投资呈同向变动关系。进一步检验东道国城镇化水平对中国对外直接投资的门槛效应,发现东道国城镇化发展对中国对外直接投资的影响具有诺瑟姆三阶段的典型特征。据此,本文建议中国应针对东道国城镇化发展状况开展对外直接投资。     

对外直接投资、劳动合同与技能工资差距

将我国对外直接投资数据和最新的微观个体数据相匹配,并利用差异检验、分位数回归等方法,从劳动合同的新视角考察了对外直接投资对高、低技能组的组间工资差距和组内工资差距的影响.研究发现:与发达国家不同,我国对外直接投资有助于临时合同工人工资水平的提高,且提升作用大于固定合同工人;对外直接投资在扩大高、低技能组间工资差距的同时也缩小了组内工资差距,即具有组间扩大,组内收敛的极化效应;对外直接投资对低技能组组内工资差距的缩小作用主要是通过提高低技能组中低收入群体的临时合同工人工资水平实现的.研究结论为客观评估对外直接投资对居民收入极化的影响提供了一个来自转型发展中国家的证据,对劳动力市场政策的调整具有重要的政策含义.     

我国企业对外直接投资的区位选择

我国理论界关于是否应该将发达国家作为我国企业对外直接投资的重点目标问题上产生的不同意见,在相当程度上反映了我国对外直接投资区位选择所面临的对外直接投资动因与能力的矛盾。实证检验证实我国企业目前的对外直接投资区位还是以与我国经贸关系密切、市场规模相对狭小的国家和地区为主。但从长远看,发达国家和地区应成为我国企业对外直接投资区位选择的重点目标。     

对外直接投资、市场分割与产能过剩治理

本文基于产能利用率在生产侧与消费侧进行分解,测算了中国31个省市区的工业部门产能过剩指数,并采用可以有效控制内生性问题的系统广义矩估计方法考察了对外直接投资、市场分割以及其他因素对产能过剩的影响,结果表明:由于生产侧技术效率损失与消费侧供大于求,产能过剩现象在中国各地区普遍存在;生产技术水平较高、消费能力较强两个因素导致东部地区的产能过剩程度远低于中西部地区;对外直接投资、出口比重、创新投入比重的提升可以缓解产能过剩现象;而地方保护导致的市场分割、过度投资将恶化产能过剩现象。市场分割程度的上升将会弱化对外直接投资对产能过剩的缓解作用。因此治理产能过剩需要弱化地方政府干预经济的能力,消除市场分割,加速建立中国统一的消费市场,并且在此基础上鼓励中国工业企业的海外投资行为。     

对外直接投资与出口贸易的实证分析

基于1982-2003年对外直接投资与出口贸易的时间序列数据,采用向量自回归(VAR)模型方法,实证分析对外直接投资对出口贸易的影响。实证结果表明对外直接投资与出口贸易之间存在稳定的正相关关系,但无论长期还是短期对外直接投资对出口贸易的Granger因果关系都不显著,这表明对外直接投资对出口贸易的潜在作用未能得到充分发挥,因此应积极发展对外直接投资。