浅析电网工程造价的合理控制及其途径

随着我国经济社会持续快速发展，用电需求快速增长，电网建设保持良好发展势态，电网建设投资不断增加。如何加强对工程造价管理，从而做好合理控制工程造价；如何确保工程建设项目的质量和提高经济效益则成为电网建设中值得深入研究的问题。文章主要从以上几个方面探讨造价控制的途径及方法。     

降低工程造价的途径及工程造价管理措施

工程造价是整个工程建设的重要组成部分,对我国工程建设的发展具有重要的影响,通过工程造价管理可以有效地控制工程造价的问题,能够有效地降低工程的成本,提高工程建设的效率。因此,本文将对降低工程造价的途径及工程造价中后期管理进行分析和探讨,以此提高我国的经济建设,为我国工程建设的发展奠定良好的基础。     

浅谈建设项目管理中全过程的造价控制

随着加入“WTO”和工程建设管理体制改革新形势的变化,建设单位将对工程投资效益愈加重视,对工程造价行业提出了更高的要求。本文主要通过对建设项目投资决策阶段、设计阶段、实施阶段、竣工决算等有关内容进行了一定的分析和探讨,提出了实现建设项目工程造价有效控制的主要途径。     

浅析建筑商业工程项目造价控制中的问题及解决措施

在建筑工程建设中，工程造价一直都是最受关注的问题。建筑工程造价的有效控制能够为整个建筑工程的建设节约很大一部分开支，使建筑工程的经济效益得到大幅度提升。同时，还能够使整个工程建设的人力、财力、物力等等得到控制，避免造成不必要的浪费和经济损失。本文通过对我国当前商业建筑建设中工程造价控制所出现的问题进行分析和探讨，并提出了相应的解决措施，以供参考。     

论工程造价成本管理路径、方法及控制举措

工程造价成本管理是建设项目中的重要课题,对工程造价和成本的有效管理和控制,是确保项目质量和工期的重要手段,也是实现企业经济效益、建设高质量建筑的有力保证。本文从工程造价成本管理的途径和方法入手,结合建设工程项目的设计、招投标、施工、竣工四个阶段对工程造价成本控制进行分析,提出有效的控制举措。     

浅析工程造价控制

近年来，随着我国经济建设的大力开展，工程造价的控制逐渐成为人们的话题。在社会主义市场经济的大环境下，人们对工程造价的控制越来越严格，采取的手段也逐渐多样化，如何使得工程造价降低，追求利润最大化和利益最大化，将成为整个工程相关行业的控制点。然而工程造价的控制是一个动态的过程，本文结合工程造价管理实践，阐述了工程造价控制的原理、运用价值工程和技术经济理论，分别对项目决策、设计、招投标、施工和竣工结算各阶段工程造价控制的重点进行了剖析，提出了房地产开发企业工程造价控制的具体措施。     

浅谈建筑工程造价的重要性及其具体控制途径

建筑工程造价体现在每一类项目的决策阶段、项目施工阶段和竣工结算阶段等各个项目建设阶段,贯穿于项目始终,实践中需重视工程造价在工程建设中的作用和地位,采取有效的措施,加强工程造价管理,以更好地控制工程造价,降低工程建设成本。文章对建筑工程造价的重要性及其具体控制途径进行了分析。     

探讨造价控制在建设工程施工招标阶段的重要性

近年来,随着我国投资体制的改革和建设市场的不规范,项目建设各方对决策、设计以及施工阶段造价控制的重要性有了比较充分的认识,使得工程造价的控制管理变得更为复杂,这就需要对工程造价的管理既要全面又要有侧重点。本文对招投标阶段工程造价控制的具体措施进行分析,并探讨控制具体的方法。     

工程施工和竣工结算阶段的工程造价控制

工程造价控制是建设管理的一个核心部分,它始终贯穿于工程建设的全过程,即体现在对工程建设前期可行性研究、投资决策、到设计施工再到竣工交付使用前所需全部建设费用的确定、控制、监督和管理。本文对工程施工和竣工结算阶段工程造价控制进行了探讨。     

浅谈房屋建筑安装工程造价咨询工作的过程跟踪及结算审核

房屋建设工程造价的结算审核是对工程造价进行确定的重要手段和必要程序,科学有效的工程造价结算审核能够对提升施工企业的经济效益、强化房屋建设过程中的成本控制。文章从房屋建筑安装工程造价的咨询工作入手,对其现状和过程跟踪进行了分析,并对房屋工程造价结算审核的主要方法进行了探讨。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.