Franchising the american elementary and secondary educational system

To solve the education “woes” of the U.S., many experts have looked to both command economies (standardized curriculum), and competitive markets (e.g. school choice and school vouchers), for answers. This normative research explores an optimal mix between market economies and command economies in education through the use of the business-format franchising structure. Franchising, an organizational form lying between the extremes of markets and hierarchies, would establish a standardized curriculum composed of those components of education that are deemed essential to the educational growth of our students. At the same time, franchising allows for levels of autonomy for educational institutions that would enable them to effectively target the additional needs and preferences of their local area, which in turn develops competitive markets in which schools compete for student enrollment thereby remedying the moral hazard problem. Finally, two additional characteristics that make this format attractive in tackling the problems in education are its continuous transfer of “know how” and its regular technical assistance. In the context of education, these characteristics translate into necessary links between educational theory and practice as well as national research and training grounds for teachers and administrators.     

The undergraduate economics coursework of elementary and secondary school teachers

Abstract

In this study, the authors analyze the undergraduate economics coursework of U.S. college graduates who became pre-college classroom teachers. The results show that teachers successfully completed on average the equivalent of about half an economics course in their undergraduate coursework. About 6 in 10 teachers earned no course credits in economics. Of teachers certified to teach social studies—the ones most likely to teach economics—40 percent did not take an undergraduate course in economics. The percentages are 19 percent for high school teachers, 48 percent for middle school teachers, and 76 percent for elementary school teachers. High school teachers certified to teach social studies completed an average of only about one and a half economics courses as undergraduates.     

高等教育收费与教育公平问题的综述

高等教育学费制度改革作为我国教育领域的一项重大改革已经进行了20多年的实践，高等教育收费收入作为筹措高等教育经费的一个重要渠道，对高等教育的发展起到了关键性的作用，但关于教育实行了收费以后，有关教育公平的文题引起全社会的关注，本文就近些年的相关文章作了个综述。     

Franchising,agency problems,and the cost of capital

Explanations for franchising are examined in the context of the US hotel industry. The study is distinct from previous research on franchising because it explicitly recognizes the existence of three organizational forms, whereas previous research has focused exclusively on two of these three forms. The two organizational forms examined in previous work are franchising and company ownership. The additional organizational form is company-management/investor-ownership, which involves management by the franchisor and ownership by outside investor groups. A plausible explanation for the existence of the last organizational form is based on the availability of low cost capital from non-chain sources.     

高等教育收费与教育公平问题的综述

高等教育学费制度改革作为我国教育领域的一项重大改革已经进行了20多年的实践,高等教育收费收入作为筹措高等教育经费的一个重要渠道,对高等教育的发展起到了关键性的作用,但关于教育实行了收费以后,有关教育公平的文题引起全社会的关注,本文就近些年的相关文章作了个综述.     

特许经营体系的组织性质:属性与内涵

特许经营体系是一种中间性体制组织,它用较低的组织成本获得了较高的非一体化下的合作程度,用较低的交易成本获得了较高的交易市场化程度。从不同的角度看,特许经营体系具有不同的组织内涵。具体而言,从制度经济学的角度看,特许经营体系是一种介于科层组织和纯市场之间的中间性体制组织;从创新经济学的角度看,特许经营体系又是一个创新系统。     

不对称信息、双边激励与最佳特许经营合约

特许经营当中存在委托代理问题,当市场需求受到双方广告努力水平的影响时,便有可能出现特许方和加盟商的双边道德风险.本文基于委托代理理论,在假设受许人具有私人成本信息的情况下,分析特许权使用费率的最优特许合约特征.研究表明,在完全信息条件下,最优的特许合约意味着双方收益的比取决于他们各自的广告有效性,一方收益随着对方广告有效性的提高而增加;当受许人存在私人成本信息时,最优特许合约使得广告有效性更高的一方获得较高收益.     

金融学专业本科实践性教学课程体系构建研究

文章从不同角度阐述了加强大学生实践性教学课程体系构建工作不仅具有基础性的地位,更是当前高等院校面临的迫在眉睫的重要工作,需要大力开展研究并尽快付诸实施.从金融学本科实践性教学课程体系构建的理论依据、基本原则、构建框架及内容、课程体系构建的评价与调整等诸多方面对金融学专业本科实践性教学课程体系构建进行了细致的研究和阐述,提出了可供操作的运行办法.该研究结果对金融学专业本科实践性教学具有重要的参考价值,对应用经济学其他专业的本科实践性教学也有一定的借鉴意义.     

金融学专业本科实践性教学课程体系构建研究

文章从不同角度阐述了加强大学生实践性教学课程体系构建工作不仅具有基础性的地位,更是当前高等院校面临的迫在眉睫的重要工作,需要大力开展研究并尽快付诸实施。从金融学本科实践性教学课程体系构建的理论依据、基本原则、构建框架及内容、课程体系构建的评价与调整等诸多方面对金融学专业本科实践性教学课程体系构建进行了细致的研究和阐述,提出了可供操作的运行办法。该研究结果对金融学专业本科实践性教学具有重要的参考价值,对应用经济学其他专业的本科实践性教学也有一定的借鉴意义。     

Royalty Rates and Upfront Fees in Share Contracts: Evidence from Franchising

This article provides evidence on the determinants of royaltiesand upfront fees in share contracts by examining how state franchisetermination laws affect franchise contracts. The results areconsistent with the joint hypothesis that the two-sided moralhazard model explains the terms in franchise contracts and thattermination laws increase the relative importance of franchisoreffort (due to the extra effort that is required to controlsystem quality). I find that franchise companies that are headquarteredin termination-law states charge significantly higher royaltyrates than companies headquartered in other states (around 1%higher). Correspondingly, the initial franchise fees are lowerfor companies headquartered in termination states. Overall,franchisees appear to pay a higher price for franchises in stateswith protection laws. Consistent with a basic tenet of law andeconomics, price adjustments appear to offset at least someof the transfers that would otherwise be implied by the laws.     

浅谈德国劳资关系对我国建立现代企业制度的启示

西方国家劳资双方的矛盾近年来得到很大的缓解,劳资双方的合作关系发生了较大的变化,为社会稳定和经济发展提供了有利的条件,德国政府通过建立社会市场经济,在这方面进行了富有成效的探索,形成了一整套以两大社会平衡系统为主要内容的社会运行机制和企业组织制度,使劳资矛盾得到缓和,结成了较为稳定的“社会伙伴关系”,对社会稳定和经济发展产生了积极影响,为我国企业制度和分配方式的改革和完善提供一些参考。     

An elementary proof of the Knaster-Kuratowski-Mazurkiewicz-Shapley Theorem

Summary This note provides an elementary short proof of the Knaster-Kuratowski-Mazurkiewicz-Shapley (K-K-M-S) Theorem based on Brouwer's fixed point theorem. The usefulness of the K-K-M-S Theorem lies in the fact that it can be applied to prove directly Scarf's (1967) Theorem, i.e. any balanced game has a non-empty core. We also show that the K-K-M-S Theorem and the Gale-Nikaido-Debreu Theorem can be proved by the same arguments.We wish to thank Roko Aliprantis for useful comments.     

On the optimal distribution of income and educational expenditure

This paper extends the work of Arrow and Bruno on the optimal distribution of educational expenditure. It examines educational policies when both education and income redistribution policies are simultaneously optimised. The analysis is undertaken for both fixed and variable labour supply. It is shown that these modifications lead to more regressive educational policies than suggested by Arrow and Bruno.     

Competition and educational quality: evidence from the Netherlands

Little evidence is available for the effect of competition on educational quality as only a few countries allow large-scale competition. In the Netherlands, free parental choice has been present since the beginning of the twentieth century and can be characterized as a full voucher program with 100 % funding. Based on micro panel data for the Netherlands, we show that there is a relation between competition and educational outcomes in secondary education, but that it is often negative and small, sometimes insignificant but never positive. This effect is larger for small and medium-sized schools and for schools that do not have a Protestant or Catholic denomination.     

Functional forms and educational production functions

Different functional forms are proposed and applied in the context of educational production functions. Policy implications of such an approach in terms of school interventions are discussed in the paper.     

美国投资银行业的发展及启示

自90年代初我国证券市场建立以来，证券公司（亦可称为中国的投资银行）也从产生到发展，走过了十余年的历程。到目前为止，我国的证券公司已有100多家。但随着近两年证券市场的疲软，许多证券公司的经营举步唯艰。而美国的投资银行经过百余年，仍保持着旺盛的生命力，专业技能     

Schooling,educational achievement,and the Latin American growth puzzle

Latin American economic development has been perceived as a puzzle. The region has trailed most other world regions over the past half century despite relatively high initial development and school attainment levels. This puzzle, however, can be resolved by considering educational achievement, a direct measure of human capital. We introduce a new, more inclusive achievement measure that comes from splicing regional achievement tests into worldwide tests. In growth regressions, the positive growth effect of educational achievement fully accounts for the poor growth performance of Latin American countries. These results are confirmed in a number of instrumental-variable specifications that exploit plausibly exogenous achievement variation stemming from historical and institutional determinants of educational achievement. Finally, a development accounting analysis finds that, once educational achievement is included, human capital can account for between half and two thirds of the income differences between Latin America and the rest of the world.     

小学教育本科生实践能力的现状调查与分析

建设小学教育本科专业的目的是培养高素质小学教师,而小学教育本科生的实践能力是高素质小学教师的重要内涵。课题组就小教本科生的教师基本技能、教学技能、教育技能、科研技能等方面设计了调查问卷,在江苏省设置小教本科专业的部分高校对500余名小教本科生进行了问卷调查,运用SPSS统计软件进行数据录入,对调查结果进行了统计、分析。