品牌经营:旅行社竞争之发展战略

品牌是旅行社竞争力的核心，而我国旅行社目前缺乏品牌经营意识和科学管理，且市场化进程缓慢。因而要通过建立现代企业制度、实行科学管理、提高员工素质等措施来加强旅行社的品牌经营，提高其竞争力。     

企业如何在国际化经营中承担环境责任?

在国际化经营中，虽然我国在促进、保障和规范企业承担环境责任方面已经取得显著成就，相关法规政策相继出台，企业积极加入环境责任国际标准。但是我国企业在开拓国际市场的过程中，不仅面临诸多外部压力，还存在自身内部问题。这些因素的存在，已经严重影响到我国企业在国际市场的环境责任形象，进而制约了企业国际化经营的进程。     

如何寻找我国企业国际化的切入点

企业国际化，主要是企业经营的国际化，即企业经营面向的对象是国际市场。这就决定了企业在产品的开发、生产及销售等方面，都是以国际市场为目标。但对中国企业尤其是国有企业而言，企业国际化还应包括企业机制转变的过程，即原有的国有企业在内部结构、内部管理等方面实现按国际惯例运行。因此，我国企业国际化问题，应是一种制度性的全方位改革。潘岳等人在《中国对外投资发展战略》一书中指出，企业国际化应包括以下内容：在资源配置上实行以国际市场为导向的调节；在生产组织上按社会化大生产的原理进行优化组合；在内部治理结构上以公…     

关于我国企业国际化经营的若干思考

近年来 ,我国企业国际化经营尽管取得了进展 ,但还存在着一些问题。推进我国企业国际化经营 ,需要政府、企业等各方面付出努力。国家应设置一个有效宏观调控管理的政府机构。企业则应尽快建立和完善现代企业制度 ,制定渐进性的国际化经营战略 ,利用国外的资金、管理、营销技能 ,发展战略技术 ,提高人力资源管理水平     

旅行社外部经营环境因子分析技术探析

旅行社的外部经营环境是指存在于旅行社经营系统的外部,并对旅行社经营产生影响的各项因素总和。这些因素影响甚至制约旅行社的经营理念、经营目标、经营计划,是旅行社管理者进行经营所必须了解的前提条件。旅行社所处的外部经营环境分为宏观环境和微观环境。前者指与竞争市场有关的政治、法律、社会、文化环境,后者是指企业赖以生存和发展的具体环境,主要包括产业环境和市场环境两个方面。在一个稳定的社会中,这些环境因素可以看成是不可控的外生变量。     

我国通信制造企业的国际化经营阶段的进程分析——以华为公司为例

随着经济全球化、一体化的深入发展，国际化经营逐渐成为全球IT企业提高核心竞争力、争夺国际市场分额的共同战略选择。本丈从企业国际化经营的方式、层；欠、地域3个角度构建了三位一体的国际化经营新概念，分析了当前电子信息企业国际化经营的特点和趋势，在此基础上客观分析和评价了华为国际化经营的阶段、特点及面临的问题，文章最后提出推进我国电子企业国际化经营的几点建议。     

我国中小企业开展国际化经营的思考

一、中小企业开展国际化经营的必然性(一)世界经济一体化要求我国中小企业开展国际化经营 当今世界经济发展的一个突出趋势就是一体化：在宏观上，国际贸易发展迅速，国际投资特别是开展国际化经营的企业的国际投资增长迅猛，国家之间的经济关系越来越紧密，国际市场开放的程度也越来越高；在微观上，国际化的产业越来越多，企业的生产经营活动对国际市场的依赖程度越来越高。     

企业国际化经营的核心在于科技创新

企业国际化经营既是企业广义制度创新的基本范畴,也是其谋求发展的必然趋势。企业国际化经营既存在着重大机遇,也面临着巨大风险和挑战。面对国际化和本土化,经营风险与市场风险,企业要不断地进行科技创新,制度创新,提高竞争能力。     

试论旅行社的品牌化经营问题

基于旅行社目前缺乏品牌经营意识和科学管理,且市场化进程缓慢,导致我国旅行社处于恶性价格竞争的现状.在本文中,笔者对我国旅行社品牌战略的研究现状进行了阐述.并从旅行社发展现状、旅游市场、旅行社自身发展需求等方面研究旅行社管理品牌化的必要性以及旅行社管理品牌化的主要内容和途径.     

试论旅行社的品牌化经营问题

基于旅行社目前缺乏品牌经营意识和科学管理,且市场化进程缓慢,导致我国旅行社处于恶性价格竞争的现状。在本文中,笔者对我国旅行社品牌战略的研究现状进行了阐述。并从旅行社发展现状、旅游市场、旅行社自身发展需求等方面研究旅行社管理品牌化的必要性以及旅行社管理品牌化的主要内容和途径。     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

研发过程模型优化——研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型研究

本文拟通过对三个现有研发过程模型的评述,结合其他相关文献的回顾以及当前企业界所能够提供的技术服务,对研发过程模型予以优化,并尝试提出了‘研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型”来探讨“知识在研发过程中究竟是如何运作的”的问题,以期能够为当前的企业界和学术界的研发过程运作模式的完善提供有益参考。