China's human capital investment

This paper discusses human capital investment in China. China's current policies favor physical capital investment over schooling and urban human capital investment over rural human capital investment. Current migration policies discriminate against children of migrants. A more balanced investment strategy across rural and urban regions and types of capital is appropriate. Private funding for education through tuition and fees should be encouraged and can supplement government funding and make schools more financially self-sufficient. However, if this policy is enacted, capital markets for financing education need to be developed to avoid discouraging students from poor families from attending school.     

论企业人力资本投资风险

一、人力资本的内涵界定人力资本(HumanCapital)的涵义可从内容和形成两个方面去界定。从内容角度去界定人力资本涵义的学者比较关注人力资本的所包涵内容,认为人力资本是劳动者所拥有的知识、技能、体力或健康及其所表现出的劳动能力等的总和,是经济增长的主要因素,其主要代表     

Exporting, capital investment and financial constraints

Many firms cite financial constraints as some of the most important impediments to their investment and growth. Using a unique data set from the Czech Republic this paper investigates the importance of financing constraints in the context of exporters. It finds that exporters are less financially constrained than non-exporters. However, after carefully correcting for possible endogeneity and selection issues, the evidence points to less constrained firms self-selecting into exporting rather than exporting alleviating firms’ financial constraints.     

人力资本与知识管理

在知识经济时代的企业竞争中 ,仅仅拥有较多的资金与先进的技术优势显然还难以形成企业的竞争优势 ,特别是在企业不断做大做强的过程中 ,人力资本的优势将成为决定企业可持续发展的关键性因素。只有加大人力资本投资力度 ,提高人力资本经营水平 ,才能获取人力资本优势 ,以确保     

博弈分析企业人力资本投资

随着人力资本在企业中作用的增强,人力资本投资成为企业保持竞争力的重要保障。本文运用博弈的分析方法分析了企业中人力资本与物质资本的关系、人力资本投资费用的分担、人力资本投资的风险与收益3个方面问题,并得出相关结论。     

Savings,investment, and capital mobility within China

This paper addresses the capital mobility among regions within China. Using a range of panel estimators which deals with the non-stationarity of time series components, individual heterogeneity and common unobserved factors, we show that the savings and investment (both expressed as ratios to GDP) are positively correlated for a sample of 28 Chinese provinces over the period of 1978 to 2006. According to the Feldstein-Horioka's argument (1980, Economic Journal (90), pp.314–329), such a correlation can be interpreted as evidence of low capital mobility. In addition, by means of Granger causality test, we fail to provide consistent evidence to support the hypothesis of efficient capital allocation in China. Combining the results given above, it is believed that the capital may be inefficiently retained within the provincial confines. We conjecture that the intermarriage between financial power and local authorities is primarily responsible for this worrying phenomenon.     

Saving,investment, and capital mobility among OECD countries

Historically investigations of the international mobility of capital have studied rates of return on similar assets denominated in different currencies. Recently, however, efforts directed at ascertaining the degree of international capital mobility have examined the relationship between domestic saving and investment rates. The first approach assesses the mobility of groups of financial assets which represent the existing capital stock while the latter actually scrutinizes the mobility of new physical capital.This paper employs the second approach in a times series study of capital mobility among OECD countries. Implementation of four different tests of the saving-investment relationship suggest that physical capital is more mobile than previous studies have indicated.     

Health investment,physical capital accumulation,and economic growth

This paper analyzes the effect of health investment, and hence of health capital, on physical capital accumulation and long-run economic growth in an extended Ramsey model with an Arrow–Romer production function and a Grossman (1972) utility function. The paper concludes that economic growth is related to both the health growth rate and the health level. While growth in health capital always facilitates economic growth, the gross effect of health level on the rate of economic growth depends on how it affects physical capital accumulation. If the negative effect of health on economic growth through its influence on physical capital accumulation is not taken into consideration, then health level has a positive effect on the rate of economic growth by improving the efficiency of labor production. However, since health investment may crowd out physical capital investment and thus influence physical capital accumulation, excessive investment in health may have a negative effect on economic growth. Empirical tests of these theoretical hypotheses using panel data from individual provinces of China produce results that are consistent with our theoretical conclusions.     

政府主导的西部农村人力资本教育投资的描述

人力资本价值大小影响农村劳动力外出就业的机会。教育是人力资本投资的主渠道。西部农村经济社会发展特点决定了要从基础教育投入和职业教育投入两个方面建立政府主导的农村人力资本投资模式。     

The effect of uncertain returns on human capital investment patterns

This paper formalizes a human capital model with a dynamic and uncertain rental rate of human capital. As a result, investment in human capital may no longer decline monotonically over time as is predicted by the standard Ben-Porath version of the human capital model. This model provides a plausible, theoretical explanation for the recent trend of investment in higher education later in the life cycle which is consistent with the empirically established, increasing returns to education.     

Saving,investment and international capital mobility in East Asia

This paper estimates the degree of international capital mobility in East Asia using the saving–investment correlation originated in Feldstein and Horioka [Feldstein, M., Horioka, C., 1980. Domestic saving and international capital flows. Economic Journal 90, 314–329]. We apply the empirical method used in Kim [Kim, S.H., 2001. The saving–investment correlation puzzle is still a puzzle. Journal of International Money and Finance 20, 1017–1034] to control for cyclical effects in estimating a time-series saving–investment correlation of 10 Asian countries from 1980 to 2002. Our conclusion is that the saving–investment correlation in East Asia steadily decreases over time but is still higher than that of the OECD countries over all studied periods. These results are consistent with the fact that capital mobility in East Asia is lower than that in the OECD countries. In addition, regional saving and investment data demonstrate that investment in East Asia is largely financed by regional savings.     

加大农村人力资本投资 缩小城乡差距

缩小城乡差距,实现城乡统筹发展是我国新农村以及和谐社会建设的一项重要任务。人力资本差距是城乡差距的最根本原因。文章从人力资本投资的视角描述了城乡差距的客观事实,并在此基础上给出了缩小差距的政策改革建议。     

海南的资本投入与全要素生产率

本文从投资效率出发估计海南资本存量数据,并运用索洛余值法、隐含变量法和潜在产出法讨论了1978～2006年海南的全要素生产率变动。分析表明:海南全要素生产率增长与海南宏观经济波动趋势较一致,海南的经济增长主要依靠全要素生产率的贡献。     

Saving,investment, and capital mobility: A comment on Leachman

In this note we use a consistent long-run data set recently published by Maddison (1991) for 10 countries to examine the long-run relationship between saving and investment. In contrast to recent findings of Leachman (1991) we conclude that saving and investment are cointegrated in many countries. Our results suggest that aggregate demand and supply shocks explain much of the time series correlation between total saving and investment.     

Human capital,FTAs and foreign direct investment flows into ASEAN

In this paper, we examine the impact of foreign direct investment flows into ASEAN in a gravity model using the bilateral FDI data from 2000 to 2009. In particular, we study the key factors that determine the FDI flows into the region including human capital development and whether membership of a bilateral or regional trade agreement has a differential impact on FDI flows using an extended gravity model. The empirical results indicate that free trade agreements do have positive impact on FDI inflows. However, the returns on FDI inflows depend on the domestic absorptive capacity of the economy and region. It is imperative for ASEAN to align its infrastructure, human capital and technologies to provide MNCs with the necessary linkages to the global network and also to move the domestic industries seamlessly up the global production value-chain. The paper highlights that this is crucial for deeper ASEAN integration and for sustainable growth in the region.     

Effects of state-sponsored human capital investment on the selection of training type

Since the 1990s, firms in Japan have reduced their human capital investment in the workplace to minimize costs. Moreover, in response to the increase in the number of non-regular employees and turnover rates, workers need to have greater incentive to make the self-motivated investment in themselves for their self-protection. In this study, we first estimate the effects of workers’ self-motivated investment in themselves on wage rates. Next, we explore who is likely to participate in which training type and accordingly estimate the effects of the self-motivated investment on wage rates by training type. Our estimates controlling for individual-level fixed-effects indicate that the return is significantly positive and particularly high for practical training related to workers’ current jobs, and regular workers tend to self-select these higher-returns programs, while non-regular workers are more likely to enroll in lower-returns programs, such as schooling. This trend in investment in oneself could potentially increase the wage inequality between regular and non-regular workers through the self-selection of training types. Our estimates reveal that receiving the training and education benefit raises the likelihood for workers to participate in a high-return training program regardless of whether they are non-regular or regular workers. This suggests that government benefits on self-investment change workers’ self-selection of training type and serve to promote practical trainings that lead to high returns.     

增加人力资本投资是社会主义新农村建设的关键

培养具有先进文化和掌握现代科学文化知识的农业劳动力大军是建设社会主义新农村,促进农村社会和谐的关键。从我国目前农村发展的实际看,农村劳动力的知识技能已不能满足改造传统农业,发展现代农业的需要,与全面建设小康社会、实现和谐社会的目标不相适应。本文论述了人力资本投资与现代农业、农村社会和谐的内在联系,并针对我国目前农村人力资本投资的实际,提出了提高人力资本质量重在制度创新。     

证券、资本市场与风险投资高科技产业化

非常感谢大家,刚才吴老师跟大家讲了两个多小时,我听了大概是一个小时,我觉得这个演讲,就是给大家一幅地图,那么我就想在这幅地图上加一点细字,所以就从一个角度,跟大家来探讨一下资本市场与风险投资这个关系。我本次的演讲仅代表个人的意见,而且我今天跟大家所讲述的数字,大多数都来自中国证监会的年鉴,还有其它一些资料、材料的来源。 如果要建立一个非常好的风险投资的市场,首先我们必需要有一个非常完备的健康的资本市场。我们现在国家的资本市场还有一段长路要走。我们这个市场的发展打算要十年,现在就跟大家来探讨     

人力资本投资与收益价值测评研究

企业人力资本投资是以带来新的生产要素和增加企业预期收益为目的经济活动。论文通过分析人力资本投资以及效益的特性分析,运用人力资本投资价值函数公式对企业人力资本价值进行分解、量化和综合测评。为实现人力资本合理的收益分配提供量化依据。     

人力资本投资分析及政府政策选择

一、人力资本投资的概念界定要界定人力资本投资首先要清楚人力资本概念。人力资本是指体现在劳动者身上的、以劳动者的数量和质量表示的非物质资本,表现为劳动者具有一定的健康体魄、操作技能和劳动熟练程度。较早的人力资本投资定义是加里·贝克尔在《人力资本》一书中提出的。他认为,所有用于增加人的资源并影响其未来货币收入和消费的投资为人力资本投资,并指出“对于人力的投资是多方面的,其中主要是教育支出、保健支出、劳动力国内流动的支出或用于移民入境的支出等形成的人力资本”。这一提法得到了广泛的认同并沿用至今。人力资本的…