全球粮食危机的成因分析

本文从美国等西方发达国家的生物能源政策、国际金融投机炒作以及美元疲软等三个方面对全球粮食危机的原因作了系统的分析,驳斥了某些发达国家把粮食危机嫁祸给中国、印度等发展中国家的荒谬言论。     

全球粮食危机的成因分析

本文从美国等西方发达国家的生物能源政策、国际金融投机炒作以及美元疲软等三个方面对全球粮食危机的原因作了系统的分析,驳斥了某些发达国家把粮食危机嫁祸给中国、印度等发展中国家的荒谬言论。     

中国含肉馅粮食制品首次出口加拿大

3月23日,在河北省石家庄市赵县,经石家庄检验检疫局检验检疫合格,首批101箱含肉馅粮食制品顺利装运出口加拿大。此次发运产品由河北纽康恩食品有限公司生产。这是我国含肉馅粮食制品首次输往加拿大,表明我国食品安全质量得到更多国家认可,加拿大消费者将享受到中国传统美食。此次首发,标志着我国含肉馅粮食制品正式打开了年销售额约2000万美元的加拿大市场,并将为我国食品进入欧美等发达国家市场发挥较好的示范作用。     

中国粮食安全现状及应对策略分析

随着改革开放以来,中国的粮食供需发生变化,在当前的社会发展下,我国的粮食发展不平衡不充分等问题较为突出,因此有必要对粮食的安全问题进行全面的分析。本文首先从数据出发论述了我国中国粮食的安全现状,分别分析了我国粮食生产、消费和对外依赖情况。发现我国多年来稻谷的自给率高,进出口量较小,国内小麦供求短期内也将保持稳定,玉米生产具有相对独立,大豆进口依存度加大。对此本研究提出针对性提出可改善多因素提高粮食总量粮食进口实现粮食来源多元化以提高议价能力来预防食品安全风险。     

全球农机市场稳步增长

农机市场是一个随着人口和粮食需求增加、耕地和农业人才短缺而稳步增长的大规模市场。预计全球农机市场总规模将从2018年的1025亿美元增长到2025年的1352亿美元,年均增速约为4%。随着粮食需求、农业生产力提升支持政策、新技术应用、精准农业等技术发展,农机需求将会持续增长。从2018年全球农机市场总规模看,拖拉机约487亿美元,占一半左右;农机具类约364亿美元;联合收割机规模约140亿美元。由于人口增长快、耕地相当紧张、粮食需求大,亚洲、大洋洲农机销售额最高,中国是世界第一大农机市场,规模约占全球份额的23.2%。     

战略性粮食产品的界定及其流通控制力

提高我国战略性粮食产品流通控制力,要完善战略性粮食产品的流通支持政策,加强对战略性粮食产品的质量监控和品牌培育,加大对各地区粮油龙头企业的支持力度;完善战略性粮食产品流通市场准入政策,进一步明确粮食收购、粮食和植物油等产品的批发、零售、配送等限制类产业的具体实施细节;加强对战略性粮食产品中薄弱品种和薄弱环节的监管;大力培育有国际竞争力的粮食流通企业,支持国有粮食流通企业"走出去",在全球市场配置资源,实现国内、国际市场互动。     

改革粮食储备制度促进中国粮食安全

本文从我国的粮食储备制度改革出发,提出了简化目标,提高决策效率,双管齐下,提高粮食储备效率等保障我国粮食安全的对策.     

增加紧迫感，做好应对入世挑战准备

我国加入WTO后,国内粮食市场国际化随之到来,粮食市场竞争将更趋激烈。作为世界上人口最多,也是最大的粮食消费国的中国,其庞大的市场潜力早已为国外粮食主产国所关注。还是在１９９９年４月１０日《中美农业合作协议》签署之时,美国西北小麦主要交易所———波特兰谷物交易市场每蒲式耳小麦由３．３美元迅速上升到３．５美元。由此可见,世界粮食主产国对我国粮食市场的重视程度。可以预见,一旦中国正式入世,国内粮食市场竞争不仅更加激烈,而且与国际粮食市场的联系也更加紧密。加入WTO,对于国有粮食购销企业的生存与发展来说…     

改革粮食储备制度 促进中国粮食安全

本文从我国的粮食储备制度改革出发,提出了简化目标,提高决策效率,双管齐下,提高粮食储备效率等保障我国粮食安全的对策。     

我国粮食供求与农业开放政策研究

世界粮食供求格局对我国影响日趋明显,从中长期分析我国的粮食供求压力较大。从我国粮食供求、资源禀赋等因素分析,为保障粮食安全我国可采取如下策略:(1)统筹两个市场制定粮食等农产品国际贸易战略;(2)切实加快农业领域利用外资步伐,以开放促发展促安全加快农业"走出去"步伐;(3)提高农业利用两个市场两种资源能力;(4)利用多双边机制拓展农业合作空间。     

黄金白银投资比较及其价格影响因素分析

通过分析目前黄金与白银各自发展的空间优势,本文研究了影响黄金白银价格的几大重要因素,以及黄金价格与白银价格的线性关系,提出影响它们价格的主要因素包括石油价格、美国名义有效汇率、美国长期利率和美国消费者价格指数、美元指数,以及世界黄金储备会对黄金和白银价格的影响,并得出其各自较好的持有途径,旨在为投资决策者提供参考。     

Estimated Macroeconomic Effects of a Chinese Yuan Appreciation

This paper uses a multicountry macroeconometric model to estimate the macroeconomic effects of a Chinese yuan appreciation against the U.S. dollar. The estimated effects on U.S. output and employment are modest. Positive effects on U.S. output are roughly offset by negative effects from a decrease in Chinese output and an increase in U.S. import prices.     

Investigation of Directional and Functional Relationships of Australian Dollar Exchange Rate,Steam Coal Export,and Steam Coal Price

The interesting finding in this article is that the Australian coal exporter's loss, which occurs due to a strong Australian dollar, is less than the profit from increasingly higher prices of Australian steam coal. For this reason, Australian steam coal exporters choose to export more when the price is high. The empirical results of this analysis confirm that for each one cent increase in Australian dollar value against the U.S. dollar, the Australian steam coal price increases by 0.8182 U.S. dollars and for each additional one million tons export of Australian steam coal, the Australian steam coal price increases by 1.752 U.S. dollars.     

EFFECT OF TEXTILE QUOTA RESTRICTIONS ON U.S. COTTON TEXTILE IMPORTS BETWEEN 1964 AND 1973

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of U.S. cotton textile quotas on cotton textiles imported into the U.S. between 1964 and 1973. The findings showed that cotton imports requiring more processing stages had significantly greater 10-year average prices than other groups. Changes in the dollar value of imported cotton textiles during the decade have mainly occurred because of an increase in the average prices rather than resulting from a redistribution of imports from low to high average price groups. The weakening correlation between changes in the dollar value and in the quantity of high unit value groups indicated that the control on quantity has not precluded increases in total dollar value of imports in higher processing stages, especially since 1970. Since fabrics with a relatively stable average price accounted for the major importation of cotton textiles during the 1964–1973 period, the overall control by quantity in this decade was still quite good, even though average prices of apparel were rising.     

美国经常项目赤字的可持续性研究

近年来,美国巨额经常项目赤字和美元持续贬值引起了经济学界的强烈关注,一些经济学家发出了美元和国际货币体系崩溃的警告。在现行国际货币体系即以资产为本位的泛布雷顿森林体系下,中心国家美国和外围亚洲国家形成了双赢的局面。该体系与布雷顿森林体系相比具有更大的安全性和稳定性,美国能够承受更大规模的经常项目赤字,并由此获得了更为灵活的政策操作空间。在某种程度上,美国巨额经常项目赤字是其雄厚的金融和经济实力的体现。     

The impact of U.S. devaluations on the stock prices of multinational corporations

In recent years, multinational corporations (MNCs) have faced several currency realignments including the U.S. dollar devaluations, and the revaluations of the Japanese yen and German mark. These adjustments precipitate defensive measures such as hedging by MNCs. While the strategies and tactics of such firms in adapting to currency realignments have received increasing attention in the literature [4,5,6,7,8], the question of how the stock prices of MNCs react largely has been ignored. This question is important both from the investors' viewpoint of investment timing and from the viewpoint of MNCs' managers relative to their abilities to use outside financing before and after realignment, as well as to the proper timing of such financing.This article investigates the behavior of stock prices of multinational corporations during two U.S. devaluations. Also, a model is presented which isolates the international component of the MNC's stock prices from its domestic component.     

Resale Price Maintenance (RPM): The U.S. and E.U. perspectives

Resale Price Maintenance (RPM) is an important and very controversial pricing practice that describes attempts by upstream suppliers (often manufacturers) to control selling prices of their customers (often retailers or wholesaler). It was developed in the early 1900s to regulate and eliminate unfair trade practices within distribution channels in U.S. Although RPM has been analyzed from many different perspectives since it is inception, many questions remain. Whether RPM is good for competition and which forms are legal is still unclear. The study provides the historic evolution of the RPM concept and discusses some alternative strategies by which marketers have attempted to achieve the same ends. The study′s review includes landmark legal rulings and an overview of the relevant marketing and economic theory guiding the evaluation of RPM′s effect on markets and competition both in U.S. and E.U. The study, finally, addresses a road-map how to handle RPM rulings side effects for marketing patricians, academics and regulators.     

人民币实际有效汇率调整及其波动率与中美贸易收支

基于1995年1月至2007年9月的月度数据,分析了人民币实际有效汇率与中美贸易收支的关系。结果显示,人民币汇率波动率增加有助于缩小中美贸易收支顺差,人民币汇率升值无论长期或是短期,都不能解决中美双边贸易收支失衡问题。美国经济增长引致的进口需求是中美贸易顺差和我国收入增长的重要原因,在当前经济形势下,要警惕美国经济下滑导致我国的出口下降,进而使我国经济出现"硬着陆"的风险。     

The Retail Travels of the U.S. Greenback: A Comparative Study of Currency Substitution Along the U.S.-Canadian and U.S.-Mexican Borders

This currency substitution study explores the extent of retail firm-level U.S. dollar acceptance in Canada and Mexico. Employing a stratified random sampling approach of retail business in the border region, results demonstrate that all Mexican firms (N = 300/300) and nearly all Canadian (N = 257/261) firms accept the U.S. dollar in retail transactions. Of greater interest is the difference between firms in the two countries in how acceptance of the U.S. dollar is operationalized. On average, U.S. dollar sales of Canadian border firms comprise just 3.4% of total sales whereas U.S. dollar sales of Mexican firms encompass 23.7% of total sales. Our results also indicate a stark contrast as to the effective exchange rate for U.S. dollar acceptance— Canadian firms typically charge a premium (2.1% on average) while 69.3% of Mexican firms transacted business at a discount (?0.8% on average). Additional analyses further refine the currency substitution distinctions between Canadian and Mexican firms in the sample including a logistical regression which reveals significant differences as to firm-level predictors of U.S. dollar acceptance (whether at a discount or premium).     

美元霸权兴衰与逻辑演进

本文首先回顾了美元与国际货币的演化进程,诠释了美元霸权地位形成的路径,分析了美元作为经济武器能收割世界财富的缘由。其次,揭示了布雷顿森林体系解体后,美元仍然能收割世界财富的原因,说明了美国贸易逆差的实质。再次,分析了本次新冠疫情之后,美元霸权的延续可能会出现的一些颠覆性变化,以及美元作为主导货币地位的变化。最后,分析了国际货币体系未来会出现的几种情境,以及人民币在这一历史变局中的前景,并提出了中国在长周期应该采取的应对之策。