克服农村文化贫困——社会主义和谐社会视角下的反贫困道路

文章通过对实践背景、理论背景和政策背景的分析揭示目前克服农村文化贫困的必要性，从文化理性的缺乏和对优秀传统文化的忽视两方面阐述了农村文化贫困的主要现状，强调文化因素对地区经济和社会发展的巨大反作用，主张文化贫困是造成经济贫困的重要原因，旨在通过对非经济贫困问题的深入探讨，找到和谐社会视角下农村反文化贫困的新途径。     

Economic liberalisation strategies and poverty reduction across Indian states

The focus of the study is the pace of poverty reduction across Indian states and its determinants. In particular, the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) and industrialisation in reducing poverty is examined. Empirical evidence shows that poverty reduction did occur during the 1990s following the implementation of India's economic liberalisation program, which included mainly industrial and FDI policy reform. The empirical analysis shows that, thus far, FDI has not contributed significantly to poverty reduction, but it did influence structural changes in the economy, particularly with respect to industry, which is an important driver of poverty reduction. The analysis clearly shows that states with dominant industrial sectors have been able to reduce poverty faster than states dominated by agriculture. It is argued that targeting of FDI in India has been misplaced. Had it been in the more labour-intensive manufacturing, it would have more effectively contributed to the reduction of poverty.     

地区市域经济发展趋势及影响机制研究——以中部地区为例

为了研究在新的经济战略格局中,中部地区经济逐渐在全国区域经济发展格局,以市域为研究单元,利用空间自相关性分析和空间计量经济分析方法进行实证研究。结果表明:中部地区的市域经济发展具有明显的空间正相关性,且空间集聚特征呈"U"型的演变趋势;区域投资水平是促进中部地区经济发展的有效手段;河南和山西两省应根据自身特点合理优化经济结构通过各种产业协作促进经济发展;湖北省的地方财政支出政策有待改进和优化;湖南省需要合理优化市场规模和调整财政支出政策;江西省需要发展具有江西特色的经济产业和调整财政支出政策;安徽省应加强了财政收入对其区域经济的贡献作用。     

深莞惠经济一体化的内涵与特征探析

经济一体化是优化空间布局,实现区域协调发展的重要手段。本文在对经济一体化概念深入研究的基础上,指出深莞惠的经济一体化是城市圈类型的区域经济一体化;它受区域外部城市香港、广州的巨大影响;实质是发挥比较优势,实现合理的区域分工;发展模式将从城市经济向区域经济转变;其战略实施的核心在于区域政策与空间规划的综合运用。     

Targeting the Poor in Mexico: An Evaluation of the Selection of Households into PROGRESA

In this paper, we conduct an evaluation of the targeting method used by Health Education and Nutrition Program (PROGRESA) of Mexico to identify beneficiary households. We address two key questions: (a) How well does PROGRESA's targeting perform; and (b) How does the program perform in terms of its impact on poverty alleviation relative to other feasible methods and transfer schemes. The first question is accomplished by comparing PROGRESA's method to an alternative selection method based on household consumption, which is our preferred measure of welfare. We employ the concepts of undercoverage and leakage and find that PROGRESA selection method is more effective in identifying the extremely poor localities or households but less so when it comes to distinguishing among localities or households in the middle of the scale. To address the second question, we compare the potential impact of PROGRESA on poverty alleviation against uniform transfers that involve no targeting at all, targeting based on consumption, and geographic targeting (i.e., targeting at the locality level rather than at the household level). We find that PROGRESA's method of targeting households outperforms uniform coverage and targeting at the locality level in terms of reducing the poverty gap and severity of poverty indices, even after taking into account the economic costs of targeting. But, the closeness of PROGRESA's performance to what could be achieved by geographic targeting alone raises some serious questions about the costs and benefits associated with the practice of household targeting within poor localities.     

中国区域经济增长及其收敛性:空间面板数据分析

本文运用空间面板数据分析方法考察中国区域经济增长和收敛性问题。首先介绍了空间固定效应模型的设定和经济意义，并概要说明了面板数据模型的空间相关性检验、模型选择和估计等问题。在此基础上，使用空间固定效应模型对1985-2004年中国省级区域经济增长及其收敛性进行了实证分析。发现条件收敛是非常可靠的经验结论，同时验证了增长过程中区域外溢显著存在。最后概括了主要研究结论和促进区域经济协调发展的政策含义。     

西藏农牧区金融精准扶贫现状及对策研究

西藏深度贫困地区的贫困治理是有效缓解并全面消除中国区域性贫困的最大挑战。从西藏实际情况看,农牧区贫困有其成因,自治区采取综合扶贫措施、精准扶贫,取得了显著成效,但还存在一定的问题。就金融精准扶贫来说,还存在金融机构网点数量少、市场评估机制不完善,数据整合机制效率低、精准扶贫对象识别难,政策受众认知意识弱、“扶贫”援助经常为“济贫”等问题。西藏农牧区金融精准扶贫应优化金融扶贫资金结构,完善扶贫对象瞄准机制,强化扶贫对象脱贫意识等,实现全面脱贫的目标。     

A diagnostic approach to intra-metropolitan spatial targeting: Evidence from Cape Town,South Africa

This article ascribes poor returns from place-based economic policy to prevailing spatial norms and causal assumptions which continue to influence its deployment across South African cities. By elevating the local over the systemic as the cause of and solution to urban problems, spatial targeting in the telescopic mould gives rise to three forms of spatial bias which lock in suboptimal local outcomes and gradually undermine the resilience of the urban system. Place-based policy should instead be guided by a systemic and relational evaluation of local economic potentiality supported by data-driven planning tools. The article introduces one such tool developed by the City of Cape Town, focusing on its theoretical basis, initial findings and implications for intervention. We find that the tool represents a robust platform for policy-makers to make targeting decisions that are more evidence led and hence less arbitrary.     

制度创新对区域经济发展的影响

制度创新一直以来对于中国经济的蓬勃发展都起着重要的作用.从财政政策、产业政策、教育水平以及对外开放程度4个维度量化制度创新,运用2006—2019年省级面板数据进行回归计量,考察制度创新与区域经济的相关性.考虑到空间相关性,在通过莫兰检验后,引入空间杜宾模型进行计量,得到的研究结果表明,现行财政政策与教育水平尚不能促进经济发展,产业政策与对外开放程度显著促进地区经济发展,然而教育以及对外政策对于邻近地区的经济却产生显著的负向效应.将样本分为东、中、西三大区域计量,得到的结果则显示制度创新各要素对于三大区域经济的影响呈现显著的异质性.     

地理空间溢出、禀赋条件差异与区域贫困集聚——基于空间计量模型的实证分析

在构建贫困集聚空间计量模型的基础上,依据31个省域2005-2010年统计数据,对我国区域贫困问题进行了实证分析。结果表明:各省区贫困发生具有显著空间依赖特征;贫困空间分布遵循"西高东低,梯次递减"规律;局部聚集呈现出"东冷(L-L),西热(H-H)"特点;纳入地理空间效应的实证结论更加稳健与科学,空间模型优于传统模型;经济发展水平、财政扶贫支出、市场化程度、公共服务供给、城镇化、人口聚集以及收入分配差距均对贫困发生、集聚施加影响,但影响模式、时效、强度及方向存在明显差别。     

“长三角”地缘经济关系的测度分析

地缘经济关系对区域经济的协同发展有着重大影响。文章首先设计了一个地缘经济关系的测度体系,进而对"长三角"区域15个地区的地缘经济关系进行了定量测度,最后提出了相关的政策建议。     

中国区域经济差异的空间演化与政府调控

文章应用灰色关联度模型和Bootstrap方法估计了中国2002—2010年31个省市的经济差距状况,通过Bootstrap纠偏提高了小样本测试中数据分布的准确性。在此基础上,利用区域控制的Kernel密度分析方法对中国区域经济发展的分布演进和空间依赖性进行了分析。结果表明,中国区域经济分布演进存在俱乐部收敛趋势,且低收入俱乐部的规模远远大于其他较富裕的收敛俱乐部;中国的经济发展状况表现出空间上的非均衡性,且近邻效应显著,相应地区之间的经济水平趋于缩小。     

How social security policies and economic transformation affect poverty and inequality: Lessons for South Africa

This article examines how various characteristics of social and economic policy frameworks affect poverty and inequality levels in developing countries, principally in Botswana and Mauritius. The research findings suggest that poverty and inequality are lower in countries with generous and broad-based – rather than pro-poor – social security policies, and where social policies are complemented by economic policies promoting economic transformation rather than mere economic growth. While South Africa's challenges of combating poverty and inequality are shaped by its own historical context, the lessons from other countries offer the opportunity to reflect on the social consequences of various social and economic policy mixtures. In particular, it may be worth considering how to bridge the divide between the economically productive contributors to social security policies and the economically marginalised beneficiaries of such policies.     

How do poverty alleviation coordinators help the impoverished in rural China? -- Evidence from the Chinese poor population tracking dataset

The loss of targeting efficiency due to information asymmetry is a longstanding problem in aid programs. China's Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA) program addresses this problem by assigning local government officials to individual impoverished households. These officials, referred to as poverty alleviation coordinators (PACs), are required to pay frequent home visits to the assigned households and to deploy policy resources for poverty reduction. The program is costly in terms of human resources because the officials also have regular duties in a variety of departments. We investigate the effects of the PAC system on poverty alleviation and explore the mechanisms of the effects. Based on the Chinese Poor Population Tracking Dataset and econometric analysis, we find that the households with a larger income increase are those whose PACs work in a department that has the type of resources needed by the household. This indicates that a good match between the resource and the need could enhance the effect of the TPA program. In addition, PACs at a higher position in the governance structure show a larger income increase in their assigned households, which is expected, because a higher position could have more resources to deploy. These findings shed light on role of institutional arrangements in alleviating information asymmetry in poverty reduction programs.     

社会保险缓解了农村老人的多维贫困吗？——兼论“贫困恶性循环”效应

老年人贫困是中国人口老龄化背景下亟需解决的问题,社会保险则在国家反贫与脱贫方面发挥着不可或缺的作用。采用具有代表性的中国老年健康影响因素（CLHLS2011）大样本微观跟踪调查数据,构建Logit计量回归模型,将农村老人贫困分为经济贫困、健康贫困与精神贫困三个维度,从实证的角度,探讨了社会保险与农村老人贫困的关系。研究发现,养老保险与医疗保险在不同程度上缓解了农村老人多个维度的贫困。文章进一步指出农村老人贫困存在“恶性循环”,经济贫困、健康贫困与精神贫困三个维度之间存在显著的相互正向影响,但社会保险对农村老人陷入“贫困恶性循环”起到了的调节效应,即社会保险弱化了不同贫困之间相互的正向作用。这些经验发现可以为政府改善农村老龄人群的贫困状况提供可靠的政策依据。     

China's War on Poverty: Assessing Targeting and the Growth Impacts of Poverty Programs

In this paper, we attempt to assess the effectiveness of China's Poverty Alleviation Programs in contributing to economic growth in poor areas. To meet this overall goal, we briefly describe China's poor area policy and examine how its leaders have implemented one of the developing world's largest poverty alleviation programs. Second, we examine whether or not the poverty programs have been implemented in the parts of China that are truly poor. Finally, we attempt to assess if the poverty programs have affected growth. The major findings are that China's poverty programs do get implemented in areas of the nation that are poor, but there are many poor areas that have been left out of the government's various programs. We also find that poverty programs contribute to economic growth and that economic growth promotes poverty reduction.     

文化产业集聚对绿色经济效率的空间溢出效应

采用2013-2021 年我国30 个省市的面板数据,运用非期望产出的Super-SBM 模型测算区域绿色经济效率,分别在经济地理嵌套矩阵和经济距离空间权重矩阵下,运用空间杜宾模型来检验文化产业集聚及空间溢出效应对绿色经济效率的影响。结果表明：文化产业集聚能够明显提升本区域绿色经济效率,对邻近地区存在正空间溢出但效果并不显著;在文化产业不同集聚模式下,专业化集聚对本地和邻地绿色经济效率均具有积极影响,而多样化集聚对本地和邻地绿色经济效率的影响均显著为负;异质性检验表明,文化产业集聚对绿色经济效率的综合效应在我国中西部地区和文化制造业、文化批发和零售业的表现更明显。基于研究结论,提出加强产业集群的建设、促进文化产业与其他产业深度融合、完善文化产业集群的制度环境和竞争机制以及加强区域间的产业联动的政策建议。     

The impacts of structural transformation and industrial upgrading on regional inequality in China

China has achieved unprecedented success in economic growth since the initiation of economic reforms. The high growth could partly be attributed to the successes in structural transformation of the economy and industrial upgrading of the manufacturing sector toward high value-added products. However, regional inequality in China has increased considerably behind the scenes. In order to have sustainable economic growth, it is thus crucial to investigate the impacts of both structural transformation and industrial upgrading on regional inequality. This paper contributes to the literature by employing a database compiled at the county-level. Decompositions are performed for different spatial groupings so as to provide a clear view of evolution of regional inequality. In addition, the contributions of the major industries to inequality in industrialization are examined by using another database of value-added compiled at the provincial level. The results may have important policy implications for the formulation of a comprehensive and coherent strategy in managing inequality while promoting structural transformation and industrial upgrading.     

区域经济政策研究中的若干基本理论问题

本文着眼于构建区域经济政策分析体系,针对目前国内学术界在基本理论认识上存在的分歧,依次分析了:不同经济体制下区域政策产生的动因;不同经济体制下区域政策覆盖范围和主要功能的差异;不同经济体制下区域政策多元目标的异同;不同经济体制下区域政策存在形式的差异。最后,本文对几个重要分析概念的理解和使用问题做了讨论。