企业环境经济责任投入产出核算模型的构建

本文运用SEEA核算的思想,结合企业生产经营的特征,在界定企业环境经济责任内容的基础上,对已有的企业环境成本核算与分析的投入产出模型进行了改进,并提出了新的投入产出模型。     

滇池流域可持续发展投入产出分析

滇池流域的生态环境由于昆明市经济的迅速发展而面临严峻的形势,用投入产出表来分析滇池流域经济与环境的影响关系是一个行之有效的方法,只需有限的环境保护数据及简单的分离方法就可以制作一张昆明市环境保护投入产出来,为政府进行环境经济规划提供依据。     

连徐高速公路对江苏经济影响的投入产出分析

苏北地区交通基础设施建设特别是高速公路建设是江苏省经济建设的重点,目的是以便利快捷的交通作为经济发展的强大“助推器”,以拉动整个苏北的经济发展。从而形成江苏同步发展的整体效应。文章运用投入产出法,分析连徐高速公路对于江苏省经济的影响,以促进项目与区域经济的协调持续发展,并为后续项目的建设和管理提供借鉴。     

浅谈高职高专经济数学投入产出分析教学改革

本文讨论的是在高职高专经济数学与专业融合的教学教改中,投入产出分析模块内容教学的改革方案。     

中国的投入产出技术将蓬勃发展——评《中国经济计划与投入产出分析》

美国麻省理工学院教授波伦斯基和我国投入产出协会名誉理事长、系统科学研究所研究员陈锡康共同主编的《中国经济计划与投入产出分析》一书1991年11月已由牛津大学出版社出版。这术书全面系统地介绍了投入产出技术在中国的发展与应用情况,研究了很多理论及方法问题。是一本具有很高学术水平的作,也是国外出版的第一本关于中国投入产出技术的专。该书的出版,有助于世界各国了解中国投入产出技术的应用。     

投入产出系统结构的图分析

其中,I表示单位矩阵;A=(a_(ij)) (i,j=1,2,…,n)表示投入系数矩阵;表示产出向量;表示最终需求向量;n表示生产部门数。若用符号i′表示部门i,i′-j′表示部门j的生产需要部门i的投入,那么可用一个有向图D来描述投入产出体系中生产部门间存在着的数量依存关系。例如投入产出体系     

投入产出表的扩展问题

目前我国编制的各类价值型投入产出表大多存在两个共同的问题:一是表的适用性差,根据表中数据计算的直接消耗系数反映的是一定时期内社会平均的技术经济系数。由于全国各地区生产力水平发展不平衡,同时不同规模的企业生产技术条件存在着差异,因此,不同地区和不同规模企业的部门间技术经济系数实际上是不相同的。在经济管理工作中,用社会平均的技术经济系数分析国民经济结构和宏观经济平衡关系已暴露出一些问题,如果再用它来研究不同地区、不同规模企业的经济状况,将更显示其不足。二是调查资料利用率低。被选为调查点的企业需要动用相当大的人力,花费大量资金和时间,才能完成国家下达的基层调查表的填报任务。而这种耗费了巨大代价取得的基层调查资料对企业自身的经济管理意义不大,有效利用很少。各级经济管理部门也同样存在这种情况。宝     

江苏省经济增长与劳动就业投入产出关系研究

按西方经济理论,市场经济国家的政府目标通常是满足充分就业、促进经济增长和国际收支平衡。充分就业被列为首要目标,扩大就业、降低失业率也往往成为政府向公民承诺的重要内容。文章以2007年江苏省投入产出调查资料为基础,对江苏省经济增长和劳动就业的投入产出关系加以研究。     

投入产出分析若干方法论问题的研究

一般均衡理论和模型存在难以求解和实际应用的基本问题，后人从不同思路对它进行简化，形成了旨在从理论上清楚说明市场机制作用的局部均衡理论和纯粹出于应用目的而建立的投入产出分析。投入产出分析是在简化价格调节的作用下，从生产技术的联系出发，并在同质性、直接消耗系数稳定性和比例性等假设下，沿着数量调节经济结构的路径，实现了一般均衡的可计量化和可观测检验性。我们认为，投入产出模型的前提条件——市场机制的完善以及整个生产力结构的均衡与我国生产力多元化结构的现实有相当距离。因此，如何根据我国基本国情正确认识和解决我国投入产出模型假设的问题是应当引起关注和重视的基础性方法论问题。     

科技投入与产出的计量研究

本文考虑在生产函数的投入向量中引和科技投入变量T,从而得到y=f（L,K,T）形式的生产函数。这一形式的生产函数不仅在理论上是合理的,更为重要的是,对它可以采用横截面数据来进行参数估计,从而避免采用时间序列数据可能出现的价格波动对估计的影响。本文并采用上海的数据作为一个案例,对上述设想进行实证的探讨。     

The Grad Field of Input–Output Models and the Nature of Coefficients

The grad field concept of input–output models is proposed to investigate the nature of parameter change on input–output models. Two kinds of grad field are explored. One is VB, which represents the multiplier potential and can be used to judge the influence of coeficient change on B; and the other is VX, which represents the gross output potential and can be used to judge the influence of the change of coefficients and final demand on X. The sensitivity and important coefficient concepts of input–output models are further examined in terms of VB and VX. Four kinds of sensitivity functions and importance functions are suggested.     

Price-endogenized Input–Output Model: A General Equilibrium Analysis of the Production Sector of the Japanese Economy

This paper considers a generalization of the open Leontief model, by endogenizing the input coefficients on the basis of the neoclassical multi-sectoral produc-tion function. The adopted production function is of the two-level CES type, which is quite effective for avoiding the multi-collinearity problem. As a result, the estimates obtained are quite stable, satisfying the quasi-concavity conditions of the production function for all the sectors. Comparative statics based on the Jacobian of the excess supply function for each commodity market reveal that, owing to the factor substitution the effect of an increase in the final demand on the level of the production is significantly smaller than that which occurs in the open Leontief model with fixed input coefficients.     

A Synthetic Approach to Projecting Input–Output Tables

This paper describes an approach used in the Canadian input–output (IO) accounts, which seeks to enhance the timeliness of the tables. It combines traditional updating methods, balancing techniques and the most recent data. To assess the performance of this approach, aggregate estimates from the synthetic accounts are presented for two years, and compared with estimates from benchmarks and with estimates obtained from a mechanical estimation technique. The results show that most IO components can be estimated with a relatively small estimation error and that substantial accuracy is gained from using the synthetic approach compared with a mechanical technique. Results based on data which are two years away from IO benchmarks are obtained at the cost of large errors. Synthetic estimates of the IO accounts improve the timeliness problem by at least a full year.     

Input–Output Structural Decomposition Analysis: A Critical Appraisal

Over the past decade, input–output structural decomposition analysis (SDA) has developed into a major analytical tool. We review the development of SDA and its relationship to other methodologies. We present the fundamental principles of alternative approaches to deriving SDA estimating equations and explore the various decompositions of changes in IO tables. We also identify several complications and unresolved issues. Most importantly, we find that a rigorous grounding in economic theory is lacking for SDA, but we are able to offer some suggestions as to how it might be established.     

基于DEA的区域环保投入效率分析

运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法,建立环保投入效率评价指标体系模型,并在此基础上分别分析了全国28个省市自治区2009年的废水、废气及环境污染综合治理投入效率。研究表明,我国区域环境污染综合治理的整体水平比较高,但是废气的处理效率除了几个地区效率较高之外,其他地区效率都非常低,废气处理效率仍然需要提上日程。     

A Simple Multi-Regional Input–Output Account for Waste Analysis

The present paper provides a simple multiregional input–output model for waste analysis with which to estimate intraregional and interregional effects of industrial wastes embodied in regional final consumptions. The empirical analyses using 1995 nine-regions input–output tables reveals the regional properties of the interregional linkage effects. The Kanto and Kinki regions remarkably control the industrial waste emissions and waste landfills within their own regions by importing waste-intensive intermediate goods and services from the other regions. The Chugoku and Shikoku regions greatly contributed to the production of the waste-intensive goods and services for the other regions, considering the waste emissions and waste landfills relative to the commodity production levels. We also find that the household consumption behaviour in other regions indirectly plays a more important role in waste emissions than the municipal waste disposal behaviour in the region in question at least in 1995.     

Productivity Changes and Changes in the Requirements of Imports in the Swedish Economy, 1957–1980: an Input–Output Study

The present paper reports on a study where Swedish input–output data are exploited for the first time to analyse changes over time in the requirements of labour, capital and imports per unit offinal output. Individual commodity groups and the whole of the economy are objects of analysis within the framework of the Leontief open static model. Total labour coeflcients declined for all but one of 26 commodity groups. Changes in the intermediate structure are in general of less importance than changes in direct labour coefficients. The hypothesis that imports were substituted for labour or labour-intensive domestic intermediates finds support in the data analysed. The increasing capital/labour ratios observed harmonize with the increasing costs of labour also registered for the period of study.     

循环经济模式下发展我国绿色物流的研究

物流是循环经济系统中的重要内容，循环经济的发展离不开对物流的管理，在循环经济中导入现代物流管理是发展循环经济的有力举措。本文在深入分析我国循环经济物流存在的问题的基础上，提出了在循环经济模式下发展绿色物流的措施。