China＇s Economy in 2007/2008： Coping with Problems of Runaway Growth

Fuelled by high domestic investment and rapid export expansion, China ＂s economy grew by ll.4 pereent in 2007, the highest increase since 1994 and the fifth eonseeutive year of double-digit growth. Such spectacular growth performance is unprecedented in the world＇s economic history. However, the Chinese Government is again worried about a possible ＂hard landing＂for the economy, as no economy can sustain very strong growth for extremely long period without overheating. Cracks in China ＂s economy are indeed emerging. The eonsumer priee index shot up to 6.9percent in November 2007, the highest level in a decade, with the annual inflation for 2007 rising to 4.S pereent, well above the government＇s ＂comfort level＂ of 3 percent. This prompted China＇s top leadership to declare that reducing economic overheating and curbing inflation would be the top poliey priorities for 2008. To contain such cost-push inflation, the government has to tackle its root causes, such as excessive liquidity, which is caused by the undervaluation of the renminbi, which in turn is attributable to China＇s chronic external and internal maeroeeonomie imbalances~ High growth is likely to continue in 2008, at around l O pereent, with inflation of S-6 pereent expected, despite the anticipated tighter maeroeeonomie control measures and the more troubled external economic environment （e.g. the expected US economic slowdown）. Regardless, China ＂s fundamental problems associated with runaway growth will largely remain. In addition, if the US economy slips into a serious recession, the Chinese economy will not be able to deeouple from it and escape unscathed.     

Adjustment of Global Imbalances and Its Impact on China＇s Economy

I. Introduction Global imbalances have aroused increasingly greater attention worldwide. The global current account deficits are mainly concentrated in the USA and the US current account deficit is rapidly expanding, whereas the counterpart surpluses are more and more concentrated in the East Asian economies,1 especially China and other East Asian economies other than China and Japan (including the four newly industrialized economies, Indonesia, Malaysia,72 Jianhuai Shi / 71 – 85, Vol.…     

Decomposing the Effects of FDI on Guangdong＇s Economic Growth

Guangdong has been experiencing rapid economic growth, while this rapid growth was accompanied by a boom in inward foreign investment and the establishment of a direct link with the outside world. Using city-level panel data from 1996 to 2002, the four-year moving fixed effects FDI-led growth model empirically shows that Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan （HMT） investment will not continue to make up the bulk of FDI in Guangdong for long, and that its dominant influence on Guangdong＇s economic growth will be gradually replaced by other sources of investment in the near future due to various political and economical reasons.     

China as a Global Manufacturing Powerhouse： Strategic Considerations and Structural Adjustment

This study examines the nature and consequences of China＇s rise to the center of world economic affairs through manufacturing-led development. Our historical analysis shows that China is still well short of the point in its developmental process where its growth might be reasonably expected to slow, or the energy, resource and carbon intensity of growth to recede. The study argues that the current trajectory of industrialization will have to be altered when China becomes more actively engaged in dealing with structural issues at home and abroad against the background of the unwinding of global imbalances. One profitable strategy that China might employ wouM be to approximate the incredibly fruitful mass-market integration efforts of the USA that eventually elevated it to its position of global primacy. The cyclical re-emergence of excess capacity in Chinese heavy industry, serious questions about the medium term ability of other major regions to accommodate further large gains in Chinese market share, and the stark conflict between the contemporary style of industrial development and the health of the biosphere indicate strongly that now is the time to catalyze the required adjustment and reform processes that will underpin sustainable long-run prosperity.     

China＇s Export-led Growth Strategy： An International Comparison

A pressing challenge for China is determining where to accommodate millions of migrant workers displaced by the closing of many export-oriented factories. The current global financial crisis＂ has exposed the fragility of the export-led growth strategy China has adopted over the past 30years. Is there a better alternative for providing non-agricultural jobs than the sweatshops of cheap export production？ In the present paper, international experience is reviewed to shed light on China＇s situation. Using pooled regression models, we analyze data from the World Bank for 209 economies. We investigate the experience of other economies to answer the following questions： What is the common process of expanding the nonagricultural economy？ How is that process affected by the level of the real exchange rate？ Is export production a common way of absorbing surplus rural labor？ Finally, what are the ways that domestic demand and service employment can be expanded？     

Is the Export-led Growth Hypothesis Enough to Account for China＇s Growth？

One of the missing pieces preventing us from understanding recent Chinese economic development is the role played by openness and capital accumulation in this process. The question is whether the sharp economic＇ growth that the Chinese economy has experienced is another case of export-led growth due to the open-door policy or whether, on the contrary, this growth has been caused by high domestic savings and investment rates （and the consequent capital accumulation）. To answer this question, we employed an empirical framework of the cointegrated vector autoregressive model. The empirical results show that both investment （in physieal capital and R＆D） and exports, as well as the exchange rate policy, are relevant factors in explaining China＇s long-run economic growth over the past 4 decades.     

Long-Term Development Trend of China＇s Economy and Importance of the Circular Economy

This paper aims to explore the solution to the contradiction between economic growth and resources and the eco-environment, based on an analysis of the features of China‘s economic development trend within a given future period, by promoting a new paradigm of technological economy, and speeding up development of the circular economy.     

Review of the EU＇s Preliminary Assessment of China＇s Market Economy Status

In June 2004, the European Union (EU) made a decision on its preliminary assessment of China‘s market economy status (MES). After seriously studying the EU‘s preliminary assessment report, the Institute of Economic and Resources Management of Beijing Normal University made a review. We hold that the decision on the assessment fails to be fair and objective and is undermined by incorrect understanding and logical contradictions. However, the decision has still left some leeway for China‘s improvement and China needs to speed up in improving its market economy regime.     

Rethinking Fast Growth in China＇s Foreign Exchange Reserves

I. Introduction Since 2000, China’s foreign exchange reserves have been growing fast. By the end of 2001, China’s foreign exchange reserves had exceeded US$200bn and by the end of 2002 had reached US$286.4bn. By the end of 2003, it had reached US$403.3bn and in 2004 it reached US$609.9bn. In 1999, China’s foreign exchange reserves accounted for 15.6 percent of its GDP. The ratio has been growing continually and was 36.88 percent of GDP by 2004 (see Table 1), making China the second…     

Analysis of China＇s Overheated Economy and Macroeconomic Policy Options

Based on macroeconomic analysis since 2003, this article holds mat a trena towaras overheating has surfaced in China‘s economy. China‘s rapid economic expansion has affected the quality of its growth, with rising material and energy consumption and imbalanced economic structure as the main manifestations. Regarding macroeconomic policy options in 2004, decision-makers should shift the policy focus from control of deflation to prevention of inflation; the pace of economic growth should be properly set; a balance between consumption and investment should be strengthened by controlling excessive expansion of investment, and industrial restructuring should be conducted in a coordinated manner on the basis of properly controlling the overly rapid indastrial growth; policies should be continued to boost exports and sustainable growth of foreign investment; and more efforts should be made to accelerate the change in the mode of economic growth.     

中国宏观经济走势及其对策

当前国际经济形势不容乐观,国际金融动荡加剧之势尚未缓和,全球经济增速已经明显放缓,经济发展的不确定性、不稳定性因素还在增加;世界经济格局正在发生变化,中国在世界经济中的地位更显重要并将发挥更大的作用。受国际经济影响,中国经济也出现很多难以解决的问题,主要表现为出口明显萎缩、增长势头减弱、企业尤其是中小企业资金周转困难、企业经营成本上升。促进国家的整体经济发展,救急的措施是：减轻税收,投资拉动,降低贷款利率和实行金融创新,加大出口退税力度,扩大就业和增加居民尤其是农村居民收入：长远的考虑是：宏观经济应由“出口导向型”转为“内需主导型”,调整产业结构以促进产业结构的优化和升级,以技术创新和节能环保为重点推进经济发展方式的转变,进一步推进体制创新为发展提供体制保障。     

is China＇s Economic Growth Extraordinary or Mediocre？ The Role of the Exchange Rate

Results derived from evaluations using different measures for China＇s economic growth are divergent, especially when the RMB exchange rate has experienced large depreciation. Focusing on the changes in the RMB exchange rate matching the demands of economic development, we offer some plausible explanations for the variations in the evaluation results. The significant gaps between different economic performance evaluation results before the mid-1990s, and evidence from international comparisons of factor productivity indicate that the quality of economic growth in China is different from that of other economies. Evaluation of economic development should take into account both quantitative expansion and qualitative improvement. From this perspective, evaluation results indicate qualitative improvement in the Chinese economy after the mid-1990s.     

“中等收入陷阱”的国际观照和中国策略

跨越中等收入陷阱,是转型国家经济社会政治结构调整的战略难题。中国在结构转型过程同样面临压力和需求结构调整困境。迈过中等收入陷阱的国际经验教训为中国提供了镜鉴。在共同富裕愿景下,中国要想避免中等收入陷阱,成功迈向高收入国家行列,必须调整发展战略,将经济增长速度降到合理区间,培养以中产阶层为主体的橄榄型社会结构,支持发展战略新兴产业,改变贸易结构方式,加快推进体制改革,从而为促进经济结构调整和社会结构转型创造制度条件。     

脱实向虚、企业家劳动异质与供给侧结构性改革

融合劳动价值论和新熊彼特增长理论,考虑需求结构升级、企业家劳动异质、经济增长导向三大假设,构建多部门新熊彼特增长模型,并运用31个省份1993—2018年的面板数据进行实证分析,发现“脱实向虚”对经济增长的影响机理是:“脱实向虚”引致企业家创新性劳动减少,生产率参数受阻,经济增长率下降。这使得新古典框架下“从资本向全要素生产率升级的创新性劳动偏向型道路”可能转向“从资本向投机演变的投机性交易劳动偏向型道路”,出现供给侧结构性失衡。只有优先解决“脱实向虚”带来的供给侧结构性失衡,才能回归供给侧的正常资源配置结构,因此,中国供给侧结构性改革的路径不能简单仿效西方进行管制放松或自由化,而应先运用政府之手,构建现代化经济体系,将投机性交易劳动关进“笼子”;进而运用市场之手,优化资源配置,释放创新性劳动的活力。     

当前中国宏观经济的几个重要问题——在宝钢发展经营管理高级研修班上的报告

文章认为,2008年上半年中国经济的特点是“高增长、高通胀”,已经到了要作出政策调整的时候。具体而言,是要在宏观方面通过政策的调整来处理好经济增长与通货膨胀、当前与长远、总量和结构、内需和外需、全局和局部、发展与改革的关系问题,保持经济增长和抑制通货膨胀的最佳平衡点是增长率10％或者比10％稍多、通胀率在6％～7％之间。文章指出,解决当前增长与通胀的问题已经不是“防止经济过热和防止通货膨胀”而是“保增长、抑通胀”或者是“促增长、抑通胀”;解决长远发展问题则是尽早提出调整产业结构、转变经济增长方式、加快技术创新等一系列带有长远性、深层次的治理方略并加以实施。     

中国年度经济分析：警惕结构性失衡

在投资需求的强劲拉动下，2006年中国经济处在增长周期的高位段，结构性失衡是经济发展的主要问题。根据国内外经济环境，考虑到虽然支持经济增长的因素仍然存在，但世界经济增长的乏力，外需拉动贡献的减弱、结构性失衡的长期影响等，初步预计2007年中国经济增长速度将保持在9．5％。     

开放利益与国民福利水平互动:以转型为基点

在国内国际环境的双重约束下,中国开放型经济发展方式亟待转型。转型的根本目的在于提升中国经济的国际竞争力,增进开放利益和国民福利水平。把握新一轮经济全球化深入发展带来的重要机遇,坚持对外开放基本国策不动摇,通过优化贸易结构、提升外资利用质量、促进区域协调发展、以及实施走出去战略等,继续提升开放型经济的层次和水平,是实现中国开放型经济发展方式转型的现实选择。     

Macroeconomic Policy, Exchange Rate Regimes and Economic Growth

China has been keeping high economic growth rate since it carried out managed floating exchange rate regimes in 1994, while now begins to face retrenchment pressure brought by the depression of internal and external economy. The establishment of RMB exchange rate regime should take account of the validity of macroeconomic policy, macroeconomic growth and the regional internationalization of RMB.     

中国经济内外部失衡的原因与治理对策

中国宏观经济运行的显著特征是内外部经济失衡日益严重,而宏观经济调控出现了实现内部均衡目标和外部均衡目标的政策冲突,宏观经济调控的困境日益加剧.文章分析了中国经济内外部失衡的传导机制,指出中国经济内外部失衡的原因是复杂的,既有制度性的或体制性的内在根源,又有宏观调控体系不完善的原因.因此,提出解决中国经济的内外失衡一方面要加强和改善宏观调控,另一方面要深化改革,完善社会主义市场经济体制,实现经济增长模式的转变.     

江苏省粮食增产的贡献因素分解与测算(2004-2013年)--基于粮食内部种植结构调整的视角

文章从粮食内部种植结构调整的角度入手,通过建立一个新的分析框架,重新对近10年来江苏省粮食持续增产的贡献因素进行了分解测算。结果表明,尽管过去10年来作物单产提升是江苏粮食增产的最主要贡献因素,但相比于其在年度间波动幅度大、贡献不稳定的特点,播种面积对粮食增产的贡献作用更为持久与稳定。同时,粮食内部种植结构调整、相对高产的粮食作物对低产作物的种植替代也是推动江苏粮食连续增产不可忽视的重要因素。鉴于播种面积对粮食增产持续而稳定的贡献作用,未来要实现江苏粮食可持续增产,保留一定的粮食用地规模是必须的;而进一步挖掘粮食单产潜力的重点,应该是在努力提升各粮食作物自身单产水平的同时,建立降低粮食单产年际间波动的长效机制。