双重枷锁下的“教授”

来到中关村后，还没时间看出版的小说，网络小说倒是看了几部。感到意境、情节、笔法都有可学习之处。应友人之约，看了新出版的小说《教授》。看下去的另一个原因是因为我进教授圈几乎20年，想知道《教授》是如何写教授的。在中国漫长的历史上，有知识的人很多，能够称得上知识分子的人不多，教授中知识分子也少。     

美国教育与北大校长，究竟谁“一塌糊涂”？

上海一位教授张结海研究得出结论：李亚鹏和谢霆锋是西方女人眼中的典型“丑男”;北京语言大学的周思源教授研究出“梁山108将里43位不是好汉”,北京大学中文系李零教授研究出“孔子是丧家狗”,北京大学古代文学博士檀作文研究出“李白是大唐第一古惑仔”．武汉大学梅朝荣教授研究出“诸葛亮是中国最虚伪的男人”……     

留学美国必须跨越的障碍

目前在美国的几乎每一所大学里不仅遍布中国留学生,而且都有华人华侨教授,据估计,仅在美国中西部九个州就至少有六七百中国人在当教授,在美国东西部就更多了。华人华侨教授在美国的高校已是一股不可低估其作用的队伍。2003年3月,由旅美学人自发组织,80余名有威望、有成就的华人专家、教授发起成立了美华学社,并设立了“在美国当教授”论坛。2003年12月下旬,受中国教育部的邀请,美华学社组织了一个20人的高级代表团回国,进行了一系列科技文化交流和访问活动,推动了许多具体的中美合作计划,期间,本刊记者曾和他们有一些交流和访问,既为他们在美国取得的成就和愿意努力为祖国建设出力的雄心所感动,也深叹在美国的高等学府里甚至是美国的主流社会站住脚之不易。通过自发组织的学社和论坛,华人华侨学人之间的交流与合作必将推动他们与祖国的各项事业的交流与合作。“在美国当教授”这个论坛产生了许多积极的成果,本刊特地从中挑选出三位华人教授的演讲稿予以发表。     

当教授变成了“富豪教授”

曾经,两袖清风、安贫乐道、与世无争几乎是教授的“标签”,但在当今的知识经济时代,“富豪”与“教授”这俨然风马牛不相及的两种角色也发生了“联姻”。坊间     

“厉观点”：放言解读“民生热点”

本刊顾问、著名经济学家厉以宁教授昔有“厉股份”的雅号，概言他对中国经济发展股份制改革重要的理论贡献。在“两会”期间．厉以宁教授被媒体“围追堵截”，讨教对当前“重大问题”的看法。果然不负众望，厉以宁教授在接受中外记者采访时，     

发展与变化中的中国和世界

本文系中国国情中心主任胡鞍钢教授2005年9月2日接受美国《中国经济季刊》(ChinaEconomicQuarterly)执行总编(managingeditor)阿瑟·克劳博(ArthurKroeber)访谈。由赵黎记录和整理,胡鞍钢教授作了修改。     

“教授”的面目

教授的面目是怎样的？这不是一个伪命题。因为这关乎到的不仅仅是最不堪的教育的问题。看清楚教授的面目，要先从教授的职业定位上梳理，传道、授业、解惑，这是一般或者传统的理解。当下社会人们崇尚财富，发财是社会主流的价值取向，人人都争先恐后的忙发财。     

中关村视线

十八大代表北科大教授张学记"足踏科研路,胸怀中国心"北京科技大学张学记教授是传感器领域国际知名专家,被选为十八大代表,总结自己的人生经历,可谓"足踏科研路,胸怀中国心"。张学记说,"我从小学念到博士,整个教育阶段几乎没花家里     

科技创新“论语”

孔子的《论语》代代相传,但毕竟是“半宗教半哲理”的文化精髓,两千多年来影响着中华民族的发展。“论语者,讨论的话语之谓也”。我们借用这个命题,编发王选教授关于科技创新的“论语”,也是“创业箴言”,借以纪念他对中华民族的伟大贡献。王选教授是中国科学院和工程院的“两院”院士,在爱国热情的激发下,始终坚持走自主知识产权的技术创新发展道路,为中华民族创造出汉字激光照排技术,使古老的印刷业“告别了铅与火”,被誉为“当代毕昇”,成为当代最伟大的科学家之一。王选教授热爱祖国,志存高远,献身科学,淡泊名利,为人谦逊,关怀青年,成为世人的楷模。我们相信,王选教授科技创新“论语”,定然是留给后人最宝贵的精神财富。     

厉以宁释疑解惑2010年国民经济发展热点

著名经济学家、本刊特约编委厉以宁教授,在辞旧岁迎新年之际,热情地解读中央经济工作会议精神,先后在《北京日报》上发表《我对当前经济形势的几个判断》的经济观察文章,又接受新华社记者采访,展望2010年经济发展,评说热点。厉以宁教授在谈到信贷结构存在     

Facebook e-Portfolios for Career Education Focused on Japanese Employment Practice: A Case Study

The authors propose the effectiveness of Facebook functions in the promotion of career education. In recent years, career education in Japanese universities has differed slightly from that in other countries. Japanese students are trained to be competitive in the job-hunting process; they need to obtain the technical skills and knowledge necessary to pass a company entrance examination or a university oral interview. This practice is in stark contrast with the intrinsic meaning of vocational/career education, which is the process by which students acquire the abilities and independence required by a certain industry. This meaning is manifested in the purpose of the career education program of Hokkai-Gakuen University’s Faculty of Business Administration. The program’s purpose is to foster independence in its students rather than the acquisition of skills for the job-hunting process. The professional independence of every student is important to their career development after graduating from the university. On the other hand, it is known that e-portfolios generally encourage students to record and assess their activities. To promote the activities that students tackle in the program, we introduced an e-portfolio using Facebook. This study shows the characteristics and achievements of our e-portfolio.     

Contributions of Econometrics to Public Policy Analysis in the Information Age

In this paper we model U.S. economic growth over the next 25 years. Despite the anticipated aging of the population, moderate population growth will provide growing supplies of labor well into the 21st century. Improvements in labor quality due to education and experience will also continue for some time, but will eventually disappear. Productivity growth for the U.S. economy will be below long-term historical averages, but labor-using technical change will be a stimulus for growth of labor demand. Year-to-year changes in economic activity will be primarily the consequence of capital accumulation. However, the driving forces of economic growth over the long term will be demography and technology. This is a revised version of the keynote speech that I delivered on 16 January 2009 at the 6th International Conference of Socionetwork Strategies, at Kansai University, Japan.     

Subcontracting Structure and Productivity in the Japanese Software Industry

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the factors determining the productivity of the software industry in Japan, using individual data from the Survey of the State of the Information Service Industry conducted in August 2006 by IPA (Information-Technology Promotion Agency, Japan). This paper focuses on the relationship between the subcontracting structure and productivity in the Japanese software industry. Software enterprises are classified as prime contractors, intermediate subcontractors, end-contractors, and independent enterprise. A comparison of their productivity levels reveals that intermediate subcontractors are the least productive. However, it is observed that the intermediate subcontractors possessing a high quality of human resources measured the proportion of employees passing the Information Technology Engineers Examination (ITEE), or the intermediate subcontractors adopting the IT skill standard which defines the skills for IT human resources clearly and systematically, has a high productivity level. It can raise the productivity in software industry as a whole.     

Impact of Online Customer Reviews on Sales Outcomes: An Empirical Study Based on Prospect Theory

This study examines the influence of the valence of online customer reviews on sales outcomes based on prospect theory. Numerous studies have revealed the importance of customer reviews in online marketing. However, only few studies have explored the impact of online customer reviews on sales outcomes in the dynamic process. Prior studies in behavioral economics literature have indicated that people differently value gains and losses and that losses have more emotional impact than an equivalent amount of gains. This study verifies whether prospect theory applies to the relation between online customer reviews and sales outcomes. Relevant data were collected from Amazon.co.jp, and three statistical models were employed to investigate the relation between the two factors. Major findings confirm that negative customer reviews considerably impact online sales than positive reviews. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the marginal effects of positive and negative reviews decrease with the increase in their volume. The results of this study will enable marketers to compare the relative sales effects of different types of customer reviews and improve the effectiveness of customer service management.     

The Future of Socionetwork Strategies

In the first stage of creating technological improvements for a democratic society, the leaders of the Society of Socionetwork Strategies have conducted statistical research on the effect of information and communication technology on the global economy. In the second stage, younger professors, based on their Positive Studies, have leapt into a multi-agent simulation of Grid Computing. In the third stage, a terra-bite scale of social data-collecting and the mining of large-scale data in our real world will be next. The next generation of scientists will share knowledge and intellectual inquiry in the fields of statistics, mathematics, and the social sciences with the help of computers connecting such scholars from all over the world.     

Graph-Based Entropy for Detecting Explanatory Signs of Changes in Market

Graph-based entropy, an index of the diversity of events in their distribution to parts of a co-occurrence graph, is proposed for detecting signs of structural changes in the data that are informative in explaining latent dynamics of consumers’ behavior. For obtaining graph-based entropy, connected sub-graphs are first obtained from the graph of co-occurrences of items in the data. Then, the distribution of items occurring in events in the data to these sub-graphs is reflected on the value of graph-based entropy. For the data on the position of sale, a change in this value is regarded as a sign of the appearance, the separation, the disappearance, or the uniting of consumers’ interests. These phenomena are regarded as the signs of dynamic changes in consumers’ behavior that may be the effects of external events and information. Experiments show that graph-based entropy outperforms baseline methods that can be used for change detection, in explaining substantial changes and their signs in consumers’ preference of items in supermarket stores.     

The Effects of Proposals for Basic Pension Reform on the Income Distribution of the Elderly in Japan

The aging of the population in Japan is a serious problem, and the reform of the public pension scheme is a major political issue. Although the 2004 pension reform was enforced to ensure a sustainable pension system in such an aging society, people remain quite apprehensive about the pension system. Consequently, various sectors have created new proposals for pension reform to overcome these problems, and it has become a recent policy debate. The objective of this article is to prepare projections for the income distribution of households containing elderly people using the Japanese microsimulation model, INAHSIM (Integrated Analytical Model for Household Simulation), and to evaluate the effect of the proposals on the living standards of the elderly. According to the simulation results, the problem of very low pension amounts for the elderly does not appear to be growing. However, changes in co-resident families of the elderly, such as the increase in the number of people living alone, may cause a decline in their standard of living. The author points out the problems of the previously proposed reform plans and proposes an alternative reform plan based on the perspective used in this paper.     

Are Depositors Aware of the Governance of their Banks?1

In the discussion of corporate governance from the standpoint of economists, it is common for economists to pay more attention to the stockholders of a corporation (as stakeholders) than to the creditors. However, the behaviors of depositors as creditors should not be neglected in the management of banking institutions. The purpose of this paper is to analyze statistically the decision factors of depositors in opening an account at a particular bank with respect to corporate governance variables. My result shows that depositors with risk aversion consider banks well managed based on the following: a lower rate of external auditors, a longer time of service by the bank’s president, and the existence of a simultaneous promotion system of the bank’s president and chairperson.     

Globalization of Information Services and the Industrial Structure of the Japanese Economy

Since the late 1990s, ICT has rebuilt organizational networks by connecting value chains and providing communication networks. This made certain types of services tradable, including information services. This change raised the public concern in terms of the effect on employment and innovation capacity in developed economies. The fragmentation of the production network of information services has been led by US firms, but is spreading to East Asia, typically in outsourcing from Japan to China, India and the ASEAN countries. This study empirically assesses the effect of offshore outsourcing on employment in Japan, specifying trading partners. The results show that information services outsourcing affects employment in the manufacturing sector in Japan, but the effect is different depending on trading partners. This study discusses the implications from the viewpoint of industry policy, relating the results to outsourced business processes.     

The Role of Cross-Border Networks of Skilled Labor in Offshore Outsourcing: Empirical Evidence Based on the Network Theory

This study investigates the determinant role of the cross-border movement of skilled labor in the expansion of service trade between the US, and both developed and developing countries. For this purpose, we employ the key concepts of network theory as an analytical framework and conduct panel data analysis and graphical modeling analysis for 31 countries from 1999 to 2008. In this decade, offshore outsourcing in the service trade took off worldwide. We use data for each country’s service exports to the US, number of H-1B visas issued, GNI per-capita, network readiness index, and an English dummy for the official language. We illustrate the trajectory and interactions between these factors. These analyses yield three observations. First, service trade with the US is more intensive among higher income countries. Second, the number of H-1B visas issued has a positive effect on service exports to the US. Third, individuals in lower income countries tend to desire H-1B visas and create intensive skilled labor networks with the US, the path through which developing countries such as India expanded their service exports to the US.