税务会计模式的国际比较及我国税务会计模式的完善

国际上现行的三种税务会计模式各有优缺点。借鉴其经验,结合我国会计改革与税制改革的现状,我国税务会计的目标模式宜采取倾向于英美型的混合型模式。     

基于国内外税务会计模式比较分析

税务会计是会计的一个重要分支,它融合了税务和会计两个方面。随着我国企业的发展,税务会计模式也遇到了许多新的挑战,因而对其的讨论也越来越多。通过对国外现行的税务会计模式进行分析,与我国的税务会计模式进行对比,以期能够为我国税务会计模式的发展提供新的思路。     

论税务会计

随着经济形势的发展, 财政部相继出台了一系列会计准则和会计制度, 到本世纪末将建立中国会计准则体系。这些准则、制度的制定完全考虑了会计应遵循的原则,对收入、成本、费用的界定与税法的规定愈来愈不一致。二者之间从原来的统一走向目前的分离也是形势发展的必然。企业进行会计处理, 要按照会计准则、股份有限公司会计制度的规定来操作, 如何计税要按税收征管法规的有关规定来操作, 税收会计正是基于以上原因而产生的一门新的学科。本文论述了税务会计与财务会计的区别和联系, 并对税务会计的具体操作方法作了一些探讨。     

税务会计的国际比较与借鉴

社会主义市场经济要求建立税务会计,关键是要结合我国国情。本文认为从我国实际出发,建立税务会计应分三步走:适度分离,相对独立,完全独立。     

财务会计与税务会计比较

在社会经济发展不断完善的今天,税务职能得到了广泛的应用,原有的税务会计属于财务会计的一个分支,两者都属于会计管理领域的内容,但是在具体的业务内容与职能等方面却存在很多的不同,财务、税务会计两者的分离是我国经济体制不断发展的需求,财务管理人员在工作中必须对两者的差异有一个明确的了解,这样才能更好的完成会计工作.     

中外石油天然气行业会计准则的对比

针对石油天然气行业的特点,许多国家制定了本国的石油天然气准则。本文对比分析了国际财务报告准则、美国和我国石油天然气会计准则的内容,就我国石油天然气会计准则的进一步完善提出了几点建议。     

企业所得税会计几个问题的探讨

本文研究企业所得税会计问题。针对我国企业所得税会计准则在执行过程中存在的方法、理念几个等认识误区问题,提出相应解决措施,主张理念决定方法,只有从理念、依据的角度深刻认识所得税会计准则的主旨,才能在实际工作中正确执行准则的相关规定。     

境外房地产保有课税的税基评估比较

物业税属于房地产保有阶段课征的税种。本文对境外房地产保有阶段税制及税基进行了比较,分析了物业税税基评估的特点和种类,并对房地产税基评估中遇到的问题进行了梳理,提出了我国未来物业税税基评估可能遇到的问题的解决途径。     

建立我国独立税务会计的思考

目前,我国实行的财务会计与税务会计的混合模式,影响了财务会计信息和税务会计信息的质量,进而影响了会计目标的实现,因此,我国应尽快确立以所得税和增值税为主体的复合制独立税务会计模式,构建我国税务会计概念框架,建立我国税务会计账簿体系.     

Goodwill — An Example of Puzzle-Solving in Accounting

The nature of goodwill continues to be misunderstood by most accountants and confusion surrounding the measurement and reporting of goodwill persists. The rejection of official accounting standards on goodwill is a common occurrence. A dynamic open system perspective is used in this paper to re-examine the nature of goodwill. It is found that a meaningful economic interpretation can be developed for internally generated goodwill but not for 'purchased goodwill'. There is an inability to identify the stream of benefits specifically associated with goodwill arising on acquisition.     

非货币性资产交换会计准则的国际比较研究

论文对我国先后发布的三项非货币性资产交换会计准则与国外及国际会计准则中的相关规定进行了横向比较,阐释了我国现行非货币性资产交换准则与国外相关准则的差别,分析了我国非货币性资产交换准则中存在的问题和不足,同时借鉴发达国家及国际的合理做法,并结合我国的特殊情况,针对现行准则中存在的问题提出了相应的改进建议和解决措施,以期完善我国非货币性资产交换准则。     

International Accounting Standards: An Alternative Rationale

International aspects of financial reporting have begun to receive an increasing amount of attention by a range of organizations. There is a need then, to appraise critically the performance and the underlying rationale of those agencies responsible for influencing international practices. Identification and appraisal of the rationale underlying the existence of those agencies is a necessary step in determining their potential for achieving the objectives which they have been set. This paper examines the rationale behind one of these agencies, the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC, 1977). Unlike many others, the paper does not attempt to explain why we should have an organization such as the IASC and the standards it produces. Rather, it represents an attempt to explain why we do have an organization such as the IASC. To that end, an alternative rationale is suggested for the output of the IASC, based on theories of professional selfinterest, agency, and property rights. It is argued that that rationale is likely to have significantly greater explanatory power in respect of the present output produced by the IASC than those traditionally presented.     

Testing and Evaluating a Conceptual Framework of Accounting

As a step toward developing a widely accepted theory to guide the standards-making process and the accounting profession, the Financial Accounting Standards Board submitted a conceptual framework to the profession for its consideration. Its purpose is to provide guidance in the choice among alternative accounting methods for an issue. Whether the conceptual framework performs its function can be objectively evaluated only when it is applied to issues and tested through a rigorous procedure. A rigorous procedure to evaluate a theory has two conceptually distinguishable but interrelated parts: (a) testing the set of sentences constituting the logical structure of the theory and its inferences by way of mathematical or logical proofs, and (b) evaluating the content of the sentences constituting the theory and its inferences by way of evidence, be it empirical, intuitive, or otherwise. The purpose of this study is to test the logical structure of the conceptual framework. The results of the study provide a demonstration that the structure of the conceptual framework is logically consistent and that inferences from the structure of the conceptual framework to alternative methods for an issue are deductively valid. The study also exemplifies an application of the structure of the conceptual framework in the selection of an alternative method for an issue. The application explicitly interrelates the structure and content of the conceptual framework.     

Accounting standards and value relevance of financial statements: An international analysis

Using 17,743 firm-year observations of industrial companies in 21 countries from 1991 to 1997, this paper finds that the use of accrual accounting (versus cash accounting) negatively affects the value relevance of financial statements in countries with weak shareholder protection. This negative effect, however, does not exist in countries with strong shareholder protection. These findings are consistent with the belief that shareholder protection improves the effectiveness of accrual accounting, and suggest the importance of considering shareholder protection when formulating accounting policies related to accruals.     

国际租赁会计准则的发展动向及对我国的启示

随着市场经济的发展,租赁业也日趋繁荣,租赁会计信息处理也变得更加的复杂和重要。为适应现代经济发展,国际租赁会计准则正处于不断的变化之中。本文以近几年国际租赁会计准则的变化为基础,回顾了国际租赁会计准则的修订进程,结合社会各界对相关国际组织征求意见稿等的观点和建议,从国际租赁会计准则的修订探讨对我国租赁会计准则的启示。