对员工主观幸福感形成机制模型的系统分析

员工主观幸福感是当前人力资源管理领域的一个热门课题,它通过影响员工的满意度而影响组织绩效。文章通过构建员工主观幸福感的系统模型,分析了组织承诺、心理所有权、全面薪酬以及工作安全保障四因素与员工主观幸福感之间的关系,并指出了在具体实践中的难点和进一步研究的方向。     

French Retirement Reforms and Intragenerational Equity in Retirement Duration

As most developed countries, France has gone over the last 20 years through a process of pension system reforms, mainly aiming at increasing the average retirement age, through increasing the required number of contribution years or through postponing legal (minimal and/or normal) ages. Public debates over which lever should be preferred have been paramount in France, with concerns focusing on redistribution issues between high wage high life-expectancy and low-wage low life-expectancy workers. In this paper, we empirically address this issue by simulating the differentiated impacts of the past French reforms on average retirement ages across wage quartiles. Our simulations show that increasing the required duration criterion—as was done by the 1993 and 2003 reforms–have redistributive impact as regards retirement age, while increasing the normal age—as was done by the 2010 reform—has a counter-distributive impact. The redistributive impact on average of the required duration criterion however only holds thanks to the fact that disabled workers—most of them in the lowest wage quartile—are exempted from it. Last, increasing minimal age has ambiguous impacts according to gender: redistributive among women but counter-distributive among men.     

Retirement in the UK

In common with other OECD countries, the UK experienced morethan two decades of declining labour-market activity among oldermen from the 1970s to the early 1990s, a trend that has onlyrecently shown signs of being reversed. Retirement decisionsare heavily shaped by institutional context and in the UK thishas led to there being two distinct groups with very different‘retirement’ experiences. At the top of the wealthdistribution, early retirement has typically been influencedby private, occupational pensions; at the bottom of the wealthdistribution individuals are even more likely to be not workingin their 50s, but do not typically define themselves as retired,and draw on income support, or more usually, disability benefits.Policy-makers keen to increase effective retirement ages willneed to consider the very different circumstances of these twogroups. Footnotes ¹ E-mail addresses: j.banks{at}ifs.org.uk; sarah.smith{at}bristol.ac.uk     

Us Retirement Income System

In the United States, retirement income is supplied throughthe combination of a relatively modest, contributory socialinsurance programme; employer-provided (increasingly definedcontribution savings) programmes; and individual retirementsavings. The public programme supplies the vast majority ofthe income of the poorer half of the aged population; only therichest 20 per cent receive more from employer plans than fromthe public programme. Projections show that the public programmewill have financial problems in the 2030s. Thereafter, revenueswould have to be increased by a third or benefits cut by a quarterto restore financial balance. Despite widespread angst aboutthe impact of longer lifespans and the retirement of the baby-boomgeneration, however, there is little serious discussion abouthow either the public- or private-sector programmes should beadjusted. In 2005, President Bush failed to generate significantpublic support for a plan partially to privatize the public-sectorprogramme. Footnotes ¹ E-mail address: lthompso{at}ui.urban.org     

流连龙潭

这里,犹如江南水乡的丰腴和成熟,带着几多妩媚;这里,曾经千帆竞发,穿酉水进洞放庭;这里,曾经盐号,商行,店铺林立。这里就是近千年历史的全国有中国特色文化名镇——龙潭。     

The Impact of an Increase in the Legal Retirement Age on the Effective Retirement Age

We analyze the impact of an increase in the legal retirement age on the effective retirement age in the Netherlands. We do this by means of a dynamic programming model for the retirement behavior of singles. The model is applied to new administrative data that contain very accurate and detailed information on individual incomes and occupational pension entitlements. Our model is able to capture the main patterns observed in the data. We observe that as individuals get older their labor supply declines considerably and this varies by age and gender. We simulate the current pension reform which aims at gradually increasing the legal retirement age from 65 to 67 and a hypothetical reform that immediately increases the retirement age to 67. The simulation results show a small impact on the effective retirement age for the first reform and a bigger impact for the second reform. Respectively, individuals postpone their retirement by \(<\) 1 month and 7 months on average; while differences across individuals mainly depend on their gender and health status.     

Gradual Retirement: Preferences and Limitations

In the traditional retirement scenario, individuals work full-time or part-time until a given age, and then stop working abruptly. From the individual’s point of view, it seems more attractive to have a smooth transition, with gradual retirement. In Sweden and other European countries, specific gradual retirement programs have been created in the past 20 years, first in combination with early retirement programs and later to increase labour market participation of older workers. This paper surveys the existing literature on gradual retirement in the US and Europe and analyzes the relevance of gradual retirement in the Netherlands as a tool to keep people employed longer.      

论我国养老型酒店的发展

迅猛而来的人口老龄化给政府和社会带来了严峻挑战,对我国酒店业的发展产生了深远影响。不断壮大的老年消费群体以及各级政府对涉老行业的政策扶持为养老型酒店这一新型业态的发展提供了机遇。但不得不承认,我国养老型酒店面临着市场尚未完全形成、服务与管理人才匮乏等因素的制约。从养老型酒店应具备的设施、服务标准及服务管理人才等方面进行探讨,以期促进整个酒店行业的转型。     

Non-financial Determinants of Retirement: A Literature Review

Retirement is often concentrated at specific ages—in particular the ‘normal retirement age’ and an ‘early retirement age’. Financial incentives cannot fully explain this. Moreover, the participation effect of a higher normal retirement age importantly exceeds the encompassing income effect. Based on a literature survey, we conclude that social norms, default options, and reference-dependent utility are likely explanations for the individual propensity to retire at specific retirement ages. Further empirical research on non-financial determinants of retirement is needed to fully understand individual retirement behavior.     

Pensions and Retirement Among Black Union Army Veterans

I examine the effects of an unearned income transfer on the retirement rates and living arrangements of black Union Army veterans. I find that blacks were more than twice as responsive as whites to income transfers in their retirement decisions and 6 to 8 times as responsive in their choice of independent living arrangements. My findings have implications for understanding racial differences in rates of retirement and independent living at the beginning of the twentieth century, the rise in retirement prior to 1930, and the subsequent convergence in black-white retirement rates and living arrangements.     

团团坐，吃饺子

老话说得好,“好吃不过饺子,舒服不过倒着。”试想能舒服地倒着吃着饺子,任凭窗外北风呼啸,我自滋味享乐,岂非人世一大幸？!冬至到,家家户户吃水饺。在北方,逢年过节,迎亲待友,饺子是必不可少的。     

观腊梅杀年猪泡温泉 重庆周边欢乐迎新年

新年伊始,各区县纷纷推出“迎新春、购年货”系列优惠活动,据定点抽样统计：元旦小长假期间,全市乡村旅游同比增长75．4％;自驾游客占乡村旅游者总人数的90％以上。这个新年到重庆周边区县,各种耍事不断,北碚腊梅凌寒独开让你观看,巴南年猪宰杀让你去喝刨猪汤,温暖养生的温泉也在寒冷的冬季带给你别样的节日体验。区县的精心准备和丰富的节目安排让你欢欢喜喜过个年。