基于DEA模型的钢铁企业规模经济有效性研究

数据包络分析方法（DEA）是分析企业相对有效性的一种行之有效的方法,鉴于钢铁经济是我国国民经济的重要组成部分,文中用数据包络分析方法分析我国钢铁企业的规模经济有效性,结果表明,我国大部分钢铁企业的规模经济是无效的,最后,结合研究结果给出一些提高钢铁企业规模经济的建议。     

论两种规模经济：专业规模经济和综合规模经济

当前国际上出现了一种“企业规模无关论”的新观点,与我国目前盛行的“唯规模经济论”截然相反。笔者以为,上述两论都失之片面,正确的理论是在承认的前提下,将规模经济分为两类:专业规模经济和综合规模经济。前者因专业化分工效应而扩大产销规模与市场份额;后者因企业(集团)内部协调成本小于市场交易成本而获得效应。随着市场发育和市场交易成本下降,拥有专业规模经济的企业集团,比之拥有综合规模经济的企业集团更能适应市场的变化与竞争。     

Returns to Scale and the Economic Impact of Migration

Abstract

This paper is concerned with the impact of international migration on a regional economy. It is based on the assumption that immigration causes the population of the region to grow, thereby increasing the cost of living for existing residents. In one version of the model, the government responds by increasing wages in the public sector so as to help offset the higher cost of living. The private sector follows suit. In another version of the model, wages are determined by supply and demand. The paper investigates what happens to living standards, unemployment and the location of the native population under different assumptions about returns to scale.     

浅谈实现我国运输规模经济效应的政策措施

发展运输市场规模经济,不仅是运输产业发展的要求,也是运输市场发展演变的必然趋势。本文结合我国运输市场的具体情况,提出了基于实现运输规模经济效应的政策措施,供大家参考与借鉴。     

Long and Short Run Determinants of Small and Medium Size Enterprise Share: The Case of Venezuelan Manufacturing

Two recent studies of SME share determination have employed a partial adjustment model which specifies disequilibrium as the sole means of explanation. Contemporaneous information is found to be crucial in both analyses and suggests forward looking behaviour in the equilibrium specification. Time series data available for Venezuela allows the testing of such an equilibrium using the Engle and Granger (1987) error correction methodology. We find that current dated variables are important in the short rather than long run determination of SME shares and that only information known at the time the equilibrium is formed enters the long run component. The primary factors explaining equilibrium share are barriers to entry, factor mix, enterprise modernisation and a new exogenous proxy variable, GDP. The main determinants of short run movements are factor mix and enterprise modernisation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Returns to Scale and the Economic Impact of Migration: Some New Considerations

Abstract

This paper builds on an earlier paper by the author. It uses a simple model to analyse the economic impact of international migration on a large city. The paper assumes that immigration causes the population of the city to grow, thereby increasing the cost of living for existing residents. In one version of the model, the government responds by increasing public-sector wages so as to help offset the higher cost of living. The private sector follows suit. In another version, wages are determined by supply and demand. The paper investigates what happens to living standards, unemployment and the location of the native population under different assumptions about returns to scale. The mathematical analysis is supplemented by numerical simulations.

Retours à l’échelle et l'impact de la migration sur l’économie: quelques considérations nouvelles

RÉSUMÉ?La présente communication est basée sur un ouvrage précédent du même auteur. Au moyen d'un simple modèle, elle analyse l'impact économique des migrations internationales sur une grande agglomération. Cette communication présuppose que l'immigration détermine une augmentation de la population de la ville, en augmentant ainsi le coÛt de la vie pour les personnes qui y sont domiciliées. Dans une version de ce modèle, le gouvernement intervient en augmentant les salaires dans le secteur public, dans le but de compenser pour ce dernier l'augmentation du coÛt de la vie. Le secteur privé en fait de même. Dans une autre version, les salaires sont déterminés par la loi de l'offre et de la demande. La communication se penche sur ce qu'il en advient du niveau de vie, du chômage, et l'emplacement de la population autochtone dans le cadre de différents hypothèses sur des retours à l’échelle. L'analyse mathématique est complétée par des simulations numériques.

Retornos a escala y el impacto económico de la emigración: varias consideraciones nuevas

RÉSUMÉN?Este ensayo se agrega a un trabajo anterior del autor. Utiliza un modelo simple para analizar el impacto económico de la emigración internacional en una ciudad grande. El trabajo presupone que la inmigración provoca el crecimiento de la ciudad, aumentando por lo tanto el coste de la vida de los residentes existentes. En una versión del modelo, el gobierno responde incrementando los sueldos del sector público, para ayudar a contrarrestar el aumento de la carestía de la vida. El sector privado sigue su ejemplo. En otra versión, los sueldos están determinados por la oferta y la demanda. El trabajo investiga el efecto sobre el nivel de vida, el desempleo y la ubicación de la población autóctona bajo diferentes asunciones sobre los retornos a escala. El análisis matemático se complementa con simulaciones numéricas.

     

武汉城市圈中小企业如何实现规模经济

实现规模经济是武汉城市圈中小企业不断发展壮大的一条重要途经。武汉城市圈内各级政府和中小企业要根据企业的发展状况与基本特征,努力跨越实现规模经济的主要障碍,充分利用武汉城市圈作为"两型社会"试验区的发展机遇,既要实现内在的规模经济,也要实现外在的规模经济。     

亚临界机组锅炉氧化皮产生原因及预防措施

结合亚临界机组锅炉运行、检修的总结,对末级过热器管排的取样进行了金相分析、硬度测定、氧化皮检查,分析了氧化皮的生成及剥落原因式,并提出了控制氧化皮形成和剥落在运行及检修中的预防措施。     

基于竞争力的企业规模影响评价

本文从企业规模实力、企业规模合理性、企业规模经济性三方面讨论了企业规模对竞争力的影响 ,并提出了一种简明、量化、可操作的评价指标体系。     

从物流设施设备利用率看第三方物流企业的规模问题

本文首次提出了物流设施设备利用率理论。通过比较前后物流设施设备的利用率，把抽象的第三方物流企业规模的条件量化，能够有效地评估某地区需要的第三方物流企业的规模，实现资源优化配置。     

我国男子中长跑的现状分析及对策研究

本文运用文献资料法、比较法、数理统计法等研究方法对1998—2008年每年国内外男子中长跑最好成绩进行了统计处理,从成绩差、训练、观念、等多方面,对我国男子中长跑发展的现状进行了调查分析,从而为我国运动员赶超世界水平提供建议。     

Efficiency in Third Sector Partnerships for Delivering Local Government Services: The role of economies of scale,scope and learning

Abstract

Third sector partnerships are under pressure to change in the light of the increasing cost pressures on local public services. The literature throws doubt on the level of economies of scale and suggests that more attention should be given to economies of scope and learning. The common conflation of economies of size with economies of scale has led policymakers to overemphasize larger scale providers and has distorted the strategies which third sector organizations have adopted, pushing them towards mergers and consortia based on scale.     

企业集团的适度规模经济与聚集经济研究——一个基于国际垂直分工视野的分析框架

基于国际垂直分工的理论视野,界定了单体企业的适度规模经济和企业集团总体的最适规模经济等概念范畴的内涵与外延,并结合垂直范围经济和聚集经济等相关概念,从技术经济角度给出了企业集团适度规模经济的模型框架和测度方法,揭示了企业集团在地域上的合理规模即集聚程度与集聚效益之间的倒U字形钟形关系。利用该分析框架,提出了在国际垂直分工视野下,生物医药和专用设备制造等重点行业实现企业集团适度规模经济战略选择的关键在于利用企业集团的集聚经济优势和范围经济优势,并通过产品细分的差别化定位,实现大型企业集团对中小企业集群的策略性替代。     

Returns to Scale and Scale Elasticity in Farrell,Russell and Additive Models

This research extends the Farrell-based returns to scale methodology into Russell and Additive models in three ways with the focus of relationships between interior points and projected points. First, we present and prove four theorems that identify the scale nature. Second, we compare these results with the scale elasticity results. Third, we present techniques for estimating upper and lower bounds for the scale elasticities.     

FLY‐BY‐NIGHT BUILDERS IN HARBIN AND SHANGHAI

This paper examines residential property development in the Chinese cities of Harbin and Shanghai in 2001–07. It reveals that development firms generally only built one residential development during the study period, which contrasts with the situation in most developed countries, where large, established firms engage in numerous projects. This finding appears to contradict theories on economies of scale, brand names and reputation. It is argued that institutional failure may be largely responsible for the business practices observed.     

加强与物流企业合作实现电子商务规模经济性--探析电子商务下的物流模式

电子商务是在Inter-net环境下，利用现代信息处理技术改造信息流程，并以信息流引导资金流和物流，从而有效地实现交易的一种商务活动。电子商务由于速度快、环节少、成本低，必将成为最理想的商务活动形式。20世纪未，电子商务企业普遍存在亏损现象，向我们提出了一个亟待研究的规模经济性问题。其经济性、即降低成本和提高效益的目标要求，需具备一定的规律条件才能达到。因此，分析电子商务对物流的作用及其所体现的规模经济特殊性，并结合我国物流领域现状提出电子商务物流体系－－超市配送方案具有现实的指导意义。     

中小企业建立公共实验室的构想

简要提出建立公共实验室,分析了建立公共实验室的优越性,以及划定公共实验室的主要任务。     

Performance improvement decision aid systems (PIDAS) in retailing organizations using data envelopment analysis

This paper investigates the usefulness of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models to aid decision making in multi-level retail organizations. It is argued that market efficiency is a key performance measurement dimension in retail organizations. The paper proposes three variants of market efficency that correspond to different tiers of management in a multi-level setting. The disentanglement of market efficiency will lead to the development of the Performance Improvement Decision Aid System (PIDAS) which seeks to classify units on clusters of different performance profile. The method is illustrated using data from a restaurant chain in the UK.     

电动汽车产业化条件及产业发展障碍研究

文章提出了我国电动汽车产业化所需具备的三大基本条件。从经济学的角度分析了电动汽车产业化实现的两大障碍:资源配置低效率以及技术外部性的存在。