影响城市饭店空间布局地理因子的研究——以长沙市为例

城市饭店的发展是一个城市经济发展的重要标志,而城市饭店的空间布局对其发展具有举足轻重的作用。根据城市地理理论,假设影响城市饭店空间布局的地理因子——道路、边沿、标识、节点和区域,采用实证分析的方法,通过对长沙市饭店空间布局地理因子影响规律分析、地理因子影响力分析、地理因子对不同档次饭店影响的比较分析和地理因子主成分分析,探讨影响城市饭店空间布局的地理因子对不同档次饭店的影响作用。通过实证分析,得出了道路是影响城市饭店空间布局的关键因子、区域因子对不同类型饭店影响各异、标识因子不能决定饭店的空间布局、节点因子对饭店选址并非完全有利的结论。     

Multiple sources in advertising appeals: When product endorsers are paid by the advertising sponsor

Previous research has shown that respondents who are exposed to multiple sources featured in an advertising appeal engage in more diligent processing of the message arguments than those who are exposed to a single message source presenting the same basic appeal. Other research has demonstrated that the persuasive advantage of an appeal can be significantly diminished when respondents perceive that the message source is motivated by the compensation received to endorse a product. Using a 2 (Single vs. Multiple Sources)×2 (Paid vs. Unpaid Source) between-subjects factorial design, subjects were shown a print advertisement for a new multivitamin food supplement. Results showed that subjects exposed to unpaid multiple sources generated significantly more positive thoughts and attitudes than those exposed to a similar number of sources who were paid to endorse the product. In contrast, subjects in the single-source conditions showed no significant differences in the number of thoughts and the strength of attitudes in response to paid versus unpaid message sources. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed. He holds a Ph.D. from Indiana University in marketing and international business. His research in the field of advertising and persuasion focuses on attitude theory, social cognition, and emotion. His published work has appeared in theJournal of Marketing Research, Journal of Marketing, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Psychology & Marketing, Journal of Global Marketing, andAdvances in Consumer Research. His research and writing interests are in the area of managerial and consumer decision making. He is the author of the trade bookJudgment Calls: High Stakes Decisions in a Risky World (1993) and the textbookConsumer Behavior (1993). He is the author or co-author of more than 60 refereed articles on managerial and consumer decision making in such publications as theJournal of Marketing Research, Journal of Marketing, Decision Sciences, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, andJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Georgia. His research in the field of attitude and persuasion, the self-concept and social memory has appeared in a number of journals including theJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Social Cognition, Psychology & Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, andAdvances in Consumer Research.     

Source effects in communication and persuasion research: A meta-analysis of effect size

The effect of a message source on the persuasion of a target audience has been a topic of interest to scholars in psychology, consumer behavior, and communications for many years. Narrative reviews of this literature are available; the contribution of this study is that we present a quantitative review of studies of source effects on persuasion. One of our research goals is to determine how strong and consistent source manipulations tend to be. We find that, on average, source manipulations account for nine percent of explained variance among studies reporting significant findings. In particular, expertise tends to have the greatest effect on persuasion with an average of 16 percent of the explained variance being due to the expert versus non-expert manipulation. As well as gaining insight into the pattern of results across a body of literature, our findings may be used as benchmarks by researchers, as advocated by Sawyer and Ball (1981), to evaluate results of future persuasion studies employing a source manipulation. She received a Ph.D. in Business Administration from the Pennsylvania State University in 1989. Dr. Wilson’s research interests include persuasion processes, meta-analysis, and issues in business marketing. Her work has been published in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Marketing Research, Marketing Letters, and elsewhere. He received a Ph.D. in Business Administration from the University of South Carolina in 1980. Dr. Sherrell’s research interests include consumer behavior, retailing, and marketing management. His work has been published in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Consumer Research, Psychology and Marketing, and elsewhere.     

Marketing research: A state-of-the-art review and directions for the twenty-first century

This article provides observations on the state of the art in marketing research during 1987–1997. As such, it updates the earlier state-of-the-art review by Malhotra (1988), which won theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science (JAMS) Best Article Award. The primary thrust of articles published in theJournal of Marketing Research during 1987–1997 is reviewed to determine important areas of research. In each of these areas, the authors summarize recent developments, highlight the state of the art, offer some critical observations, and identify directions for future research. They present a cross-classification of various techniques and subject areas, and make some observations on the applications of these techniques to address specific substantive and methodological issues in marketing research. The article concludes with some general directions for marketing research in the twenty-first century. Naresh K. Malhotra is Regents’ Professor in the DuPree College of Management at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is listed in Marquis Who’s Who in America. In an article by Wheatley and Wilson (1987 AMA Educators’ Proceedings), he was ranked number one in the country based on articles published in theJournal of Marketing Research during 1980–1985. He also holds the all-time record for the maximum number of publications in theJournal of Health Care Marketing. He is ranked number one based on publications in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science (JAMS) since its inception through Volume 23, 1995. He is also number one based on publications inJAMS during the 10-year period 1986–1995. He has published more than 75 articles in major refereed journals including theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Consumer Research, Marketing Science, theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Retailing, theJournal of Health Care Marketing, and leading journals in statistics, management science, and psychology. He was chairman of the Academy of Marketing Science Foundation from 1996 to 1998, president of the Academy of Marketing Science from 1994 to 1996, and chairman of the Board of Governors from 1990 to 1992. He is a Distinguished Fellow of the Academy and Fellow of the Decision Sciences Institute. Mark Peterson is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at Arlington. His research interests include methods, affect, international marketing, and quality of life. His work has been published in theInternational Marketing Review, theJournal of Business Research, and theJournal of Macromarketing. He is on the editorial review board for theJournal of Macromarketing. Susan Bardi Kleiser is an assistant professor of marketing at the University of Texas at Arlington. She holds a Ph.D. in marketing from the University of Cincinnati. Her research interests include consumer decision making, product management, international marketing, marketing ethics, and marketing research and modeling techniques. Her research has appeared inResearch in Marketing, Advances in Consumer Research, and several proceedings.     

Male nudity in advertisements: A modified replication and extension of gender and product effects

This article explores the relatively unknown effects of male nudity in print ads on selected consumer responses. A previously used experimental design that examines different model dress levels in conjunction with two different products was replicated to test dress level, respondent, and product effects. Multivariate analysis of variance results indicated that respondent gender and dress level of the model significantly affect measures of mood, attitude toward the advertiser, attitude toward the ad, and attitude toward the brand. These findings provide important information to advertisers considering using male nudity or suggestive poses in ads and provide support for oppositesex and product congruency effects found previously in other research. She received her D.B.A. from Louisiana Tech University. Her research has appeared in theJournal of Business Ethics, Journal of Health Care Marketing, and numerous conference proceedings. His research has been published in regional journals and conference proceedings. His articles have appeared in journals such as theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Journal of Advertising, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Retailing, andJournal of Business Ethics.     

数字中国建设与经济高质量发展:效应、机理与驱动因素

加快数字化发展,建设数字中国是“十四五”规划的重要战略部署,也是推动我国经济高质量发展的具体举措。从经济效应、内在机理、驱动因素三个层面系统梳理并整合数字中国建设与经济高质量发展的逻辑框架。研究表明,数字中国建设促进了我国宏观经济与微观经济在多层次多方面的价值提升;内在机理体现在数字化发展能够创造新的供需均衡、提高要素资源配置效率、降低市场交易成本以及提高企业运营效率;数字中国建设的核心驱动因素主要包含制度政策驱动、市场需求驱动、产业竞争驱动和企业价值驱动四个方面。本研究有助于加深政策制定者和市场参与者对数字化发展前因与后果的系统性理解。     

城市行政级别、数字经济与要素市场扭曲

市场失灵和行政性因素都会导致要素市场扭曲,数字经济可以通过弥补市场失灵改善要素市场扭曲,但要素在高行政级别城市的过度集聚会破坏数字经济改善要素市场扭曲的机制。采用2011—2019年274个城市面板数据的实证分析发现：在高行政级别城市中,数字经济发展对要素市场扭曲具有显著的正向影响,该影响主要源自对劳动要素市场扭曲的加剧,且劳动力集聚程度越高加剧效应越强;在低行政级别城市中,数字经济发展对要素市场扭曲具有显著的负向影响,该影响主要源自对资本要素市场扭曲的改善。对于流动性较强和数字经济渗透度较高的资本要素,数字经济的市场扭曲改善效应较大（在低行政级别城市中）,而要素过度集聚对数字经济改善市场扭曲机制的破坏较弱（在高行政级别城市中）。因此,应以建设全国统一大市场破除要素流动壁垒,以完善城市行政级别体系促进要素（尤其是劳动力）从高级别城市向低级别城市的自由流动,以推进劳动数字化智能化增强数字经济对劳动要素的渗透度,进而有效改善要素市场扭曲,提高资源配置效率。     

Strategic fit to resources versus NPD execution proficiencies: what are their roles in determining success?

This research examines the roles of strategic ‘fit’ versus execution proficiency in creating superior performance for new products. Specifically, we compare main effects versus moderation effects models of execution proficiency within a resource-based view (RBV) framework. Four new product success dimensions are outcomes. Marketing ‘fit’ and technological ‘fit’ are viewed as resource fit advantages and are antecedents in the model; marketing versus technical execution proficiencies relate to the project’s execution. The results show that the proficiencies-as-moderators model is the better fitting one; marketing but not technical proficiency is the key moderator. The results regarding resource fit advantage show that (1) both marketing fit and technological fit were positively related directly to profitability and to new product advantage; (2) marketing fit had direct positive effects on customer need met; and (3) neither marketing fit nor technological fit predicted speed. Concerning execution proficiencies: (1) technical execution proficiencies led to higher profitability and customer needs met, as well as speed; and (2) marketing execution proficiency was the only construct that led directly to increased success on all four dimensions examined in this research. Overall, support was found for the general premise that both marketing and technological resource fit advantages and marketing and technical execution proficiencies are significant predictors of new product success factors, with marketing proficiencies having additional moderating effects on the relationship of resource fit to performance.

中国马术旅游发展适宜性评价及障碍因子研究

本文基于马术旅游资源、旅游产业发展水平和市场潜力三个维度构建马术旅游适宜性评价指标体系,采用TOPSIS熵权法和障碍度模型,选取31个省份（未包含港澳台地区）为研究样本,对2015—2018年中国及省域马术旅游发展适宜性及障碍因子进行测量评价。研究结果显示:1）在研究期内,中国发展马术旅游的适宜性整体上处于中等水平,其中资源维度适宜性略有下降,产业维度、市场维度适宜性显著提升。2）各地区马术旅游仍处于起步阶段,适宜性显现出空间分异性,具体表现出比较适宜、中度适宜和弱式适宜等三种类型。3）各地区不同维度的适宜性存在差异,内蒙古在资源维度上的适宜性较好,江苏、广东、浙江和山东在产业维度上具有较强优势,上海和北京在市场维度上表现突出。4）障碍因子分析表明,马术旅游资源是制约各地区马术旅游发展的主要因素。经济发达省份的障碍因子表现出倒挂现象,即产业维度和市场维度条件较好,但资源维度短板明显。民族地区障碍因子分布相对均衡,资源条件具有一定优势,但在产业发展和市场条件方面相对滞后。最后,本文根据研究结论对中国马术旅游发展提出对策建议。     

The quality and effectiveness of marketing strategy: Effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict in intraorganizational relationships

By examining only dysfunctional conflict and ignoring functional conflict, empirical research in marketing has presented only part of the story. This research offers the first systematic look at the antecedents and consequences of both functionaland dysfunctional conflict in intraorganiational relationships. The authors develop and empirically test a causal model for key organizational antecedents of new product strategy quality and market performance. They find that dysfunctional conflict in the decision-making process has deleterious consequences for quality of strategy and market performance, whereas functional conflict improves both quality of strategy and performance. Specifically, organizational design characteristics such as formalization, interdepartmental interconnectedness, low communication barriers, and team spirit improve new product performance by enhancing functional conflict, whereas centralization and high communication barriers lower new product performance by increasing dysfunctional conflict. A post hoc test for common method bias or variance suggests that bias or variance alone cannot explain these findings. His general research interests focus on strategic issues relating to internal relationships, market learning, and organizational context of marketing strategy. His research has been published in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Advertising Research, Journal of Advertising, andJournal of Services Marketing, among others. His general research interests focus on strategic issues relating to relationship marketing, firm performance, sustainable competitive advantage, timing of market entry, and information technology. His past research has been published in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Services Marketing, andMarketing Education Review, among others. His research interests are in the areas of marketing research methods, structural equations modeling, cellular automata theories and methods, and Taoist methodologies for marketing strategy. His research has been published in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, andJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, among others.     

休闲旅游视角下的森林公园研究综述

在影响森林公园发展的各种因素中,休闲旅游是一个重要的因素,休闲时代的来临使得其与森林公园的关系研究成为部分学者研究的重点。回顾和总结森林公园发展与休闲旅游关系的相关研究成果,系统梳理森林公园与休闲旅游的内在逻辑,以森林公园转型为主题,找出理论和实证研究的主要视角,并探讨下一步需要继续深入研究的问题。理论研究上,人们的休闲偏好、心理需求、消费特征以及其他因素都会影响森林公园的规划、形象定位、项目设计、休闲旅游产品与发展模式;通过实证分析对上述理论研究进行印证。     

Consumer preference for product bundles: The role of reduced search costs

Most prior research on bundling from a consumer perspective has focused on how bundles are processed, particularly from a prospect theory or mental accounting perspective. In contrast, relatively little research has examined the factors that might drive consumer preference for bundles versus individual items. This article addresses one such factor: the potential to reduce search and assembly costs. Through exploratory interviews and two laboratory experiments, the authors show that preference for a bundle is greater when bundle choice will reduce search effort than when it will not, particularly among consumers who are less motivated to process information. Judy Harris (JLHarris@Towson.edu) is an assistant professor in the Department of Marketing and e-Business, College of Business and Economics, Towson University. She received her doctorate from the University of Houston. Her work has been published in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Retailing, the Journal of Advertising Research, theJournal of Consumer Research, the Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Psychology & Marketing, and other publications. Edward A. Blair (blair@uh.edu) is a professor and chair of the Department of Marketing and Entrepreneurship, Bauer College of Business, University of Houston. He is the author of several books, along with numerous articles in such journals as theJournal of Marketing, the Journal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Consumer Research, Public Opinion Quarterly, and others. He has served on the editorial boards of theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, and theJournal of Business Research.     

Analysis of means in marketing research

Analysis of variance, often the method of choice in evaluating the outcomes of marketing tests, can be significantly enhanced in its decision-support value. For this purpose one may apply more recently developed supplementary approaches: (1) Evaluation of main effects and interactions with Decision-Line (DL) criteria; (2) graphic multi-comparative analysis contrasted against the DL's; and (3) estimation of net component of variance for factor and interaction effects. An illustrative case history serves to highlight the more comprehensive overview and better understanding of experiment outcomes thus achieved.     

Product quality: Impact of interdepartmental interactions

The authors examine the role of organizational factors affecting interdepartmental interactions and their subsequent effects on product quality. Results from a national study suggest that product quality is affected by interdepartmental conflict and connectedness. Importantly, the linkage between interdepartmental conflict and product quality appears to be robust across varying levels of market turbulence and technological turbulence. In contrast, interdepartmental connectedness appears to be more important for product quality under conditions of high market and technological turbulence. The results also indicate that interdepartmental interactions are influenced by leadership characteristics (risk aversion of top managers), reward system orientation, and organization structure (centralization, departmentalization, and hierarchical levels). Managerial implications and directions for future work are proposed. His research interests focus on marketing strategy, marketing management, and new product management. His work has appeared in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Business Research, and other journals. His research focuses on implementing and controlling marketing, market/environmental orientation, and customer responses to advertising. His work has appeared in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Review of Marketing, and other journals. His research interests include market orientation, marketing strategy, sales management, and industrial marketing. His work has appeared in a number of journals including theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, andStrategic Management Journal.     

高等职业教育服务区域经济发展研究的文献计量学分析

对收录在中国期刊网上的224条高等职业教育服务区域经济发展研究文章题录（1990-2014年）进行文献计量学分析,结果表明：1.关于高等职业教育服务区域经济发展研究论文数量不多;2.发表的期刊比较广泛,教育学类期刊是刊载论文的主要载体;3.研究力量机构不均衡,主要集中在高职院校;4.研究地域分布不均衡,主要集中在经济较发达的地区;5.项目资助有限,有待加大资助的力度;6.论文以独撰为主,合作研究较少;7.研究内容主要集中在对策研究,二者相互关系、影响因素及运行机制研究较少。     

Customer satisfaction: A meta-analysis of the empirical evidence

The growing number of academic studies on customer satisfaction and the mixed findings they report complicate efforts among managers and academics to identify the antecedents to, and outcomes of, businesses having more-versus less-satisfied customers. These mixed findings and the growing emphasis by managers on having satisfied customers point to the value of empirically synthesizing the evidence on customer satisfaction to assess current knowledge. To this end, the authors conduct a meta-analysis of the reported findings on customer satisfaction. They document that equity and disconfirmation are most strongly related to customer satisfaction on average. They also find that measurement and method factors that characterize the research often moderate relationship strength between satisfaction and its antecedents and outcomes. The authors discuss the implications surrounding these effects and offer several directions for future research. David M. Szymanski (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison) is the Al and Marion Withers Research Fellow and Director, Center for Retailing Studies in the Lowry Mays College and Graduate School of Business, Texas A&M University. His research interests include applied meta-analysis, marketing strategy, personal selling and sales management, product innovation, and retail strategy. Representative research has appeared in theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Marketing Research, and theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management. David H. Henard (Ph.D., Texas A&M University) is an assistant professor of marketing at North Carolina State University. His research interests include product innovation, new product development, and corporate reputation.     

Satisfaction with international marketing channels

This article examines factors leading to a firm’s satisfaction with its marketing channels. The authors build on existing studies of consumer satisfaction and the channels literature. They add a transaction cost factor and use the discrepancy model to examine the determinants of satisfaction. Findings from a survey of Canadian exporters show that a firm’s domestic performance, its previous experience, the uncertainty it faces, and its ability to change channels and monitor channel operations all provide significant explanations for management satisfaction. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Toronto. His research interests are in the areas of international marketing, channels of distribution, and marketing strategy. Professor Klein has published articles in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, andJournal of Marketing Research, andInternational Marketing Review. He received his Ph.d. degree from the University of Toronto. His research interests are in the areas of new product development, satisfaction research, and retailing. Professor Roth has published articles in theJournal of Marketing Research, theServices Industry Journal, andInternational Marketing Review.     

Service quality, trust, specific asset investment, and expertise: Direct and indirect effects in a satisfaction-loyalty framework

This study proposes an integrated framework explaining loyalty responses in high-involvement, high-service luxury product markets. The model is rooted in the traditional (attribute satisfaction)-(overall satisfaction)-(loyalty) chain but explicitly incorporates facility versus interactive service quality, trust, specific asset investment (SAI), and product-market expertise. The authors focus on disentangling the direct versus indirect effects of model constructs on attitudinal versus behavioral loyalty responses. The results support the traditional chain but also show loyalty can be increased by building a trustworthy image and creating exchange-specific assets. The authors found that overall satisfaction is the precursor both to loyalty and to building SAI. Finally, consumers have different costs in reducing adverse selection problems with information, and thus the negative effect of product-market expertise on behavioral loyalty needs to be controlled if the direct versus indirect effects of model constructs on loyalty are to be disentangled. Jyh-Shen Chiou (jschiou@nccu.edu.tw) (PhD in marketing, Michigan State University) is a professor of marketing in the Department of International Business at National Chengchi University, Taipei. His research interests include satisfaction and loyalty, strategic marketing, and international marketing. His work has been published in theJournal of Service Research, Psychology & Marketing, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, theJournal of Interactive Marketing, Information & Management, theJournal of Social Psychology, theJournal of Business Logistics, Advances in Consumer Research, and other scholarly journals. He has taught courses in marketing research, strategic marketing, and global marketing. Cornelia Droge (droge@msu.edu) is a professor of marketing in the Department of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, the Eli Broad Graduate School of Management, at Michigan State University. Her research interests focus on satisfaction/ loyalty and strategic marketing (especially areas related to the interface of marketing with logistics, supply chain, and operations). Her work has appeared inManagement Science, theStrategic Management Journal, theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Business Logistics, theJournal of Operations Management, theJournal of Product Innovation Management, and other scholarly journals. She is also coauthor of three books.     

A pre-diffusion growth model of intentions and purchase

In this paper, we investigate whether information on the history of purchase intentions is useful in predicting actual purchase behavior. The research is motivated by two factors. The first factor is the empirical finding in the literature that measuring intentions just prior to purchase provides better predictions of actual purchase as compared to when these intentions are measured earlier. The second factor is the role of the timing of the formation of intentions prior to purchase. While one stream of literature based on preference fluency predicts that early formation of intentions is more likely to lead to actual purchase, the other stream based on the memory-based “recency” effect predicts that formation of intentions just prior to purchase is more likely to lead to actual purchase. Together, these two factors motivate the potential need to account for the entire history of intentions prior to purchase. A canonical example of a market where intention histories are tracked is the movie industry, where “first choice” movie watching intentions are tracked up to (and in some cases beyond) the time of release. Accommodating the history of intentions in an econometric model that predicts actual box office performance is challenging due to the differing numbers of observations for the movies, the large numbers of observations for certain movies, as well as the role of various time-invariant and time-varying covariates influencing intentions. We propose a two-part model where the first part involves a hierarchical growth model that summarizes the trajectories of intentions via “growth factors.” These growth factors also reflect the role of the various covariates. The second part is a regression of the box office performance on the growth factors and other covariates. The models are simultaneously estimated within a Bayesian framework. Consistent with the previous literature, we find that including information on intentions improves our ability to predict behavior, with the recent intentions being the most informative. Importantly, when the history of intentions is accounted for, our results indicate that the data support the “recency” literature—intentions grow over time leading up to purchase, and this growth has a positive impact on opening box office performance. While a linear growth model performs best for most movies, there exists a subset of movies for which the quadratic growth model better captures the “spike” in intentions just prior to purchase. Further, accounting for information on the history of intentions dramatically improves model fit and forecasting performance relative to when only the intentions at one point in time (e.g., the ones just prior to purchase) are accounted for.