矿贸两难

国内矿产资源的功能应该定位于抑制国际市场价格过度高涨,以及在战争等特殊时期保障国内供给;和平时期,应在平衡国际收支的前提下,尽可能多地使用海外资源。     

The founder's dilemma

Why do people start businesses? For the money and the chance to control their own companies, certainly. But new research from Harvard Business School professor Wasserman shows that those goals are largely incompatible. The author's studies indicate that a founder who gives up more equity to attract cofounders, new hires, and investors builds a more valuable company than one who parts with less equity. More often than not, however, those superior returns come from replacing the founder with a professional CEO more experienced with the needs of a growing company. This fundamental tension requires founders to make "rich" versus "king" trade-offs to maximize either their wealth or their control over the company. Founders seeking to remain in control (as John Gabbert of the furniture retailer Room & Board has done) would do well to restrict themselves to businesses where large amounts of capital aren't required and where they already have the skills and contacts they need. They may also want to wait until late in their careers, after they have developed broader management skills, before setting up shop. Entrepreneurs who focus on wealth, such as Jim Triandiflou, who founded Ockham Technologies, can make the leap sooner because they won't mind taking money from investors or depending on executives to manage their ventures. Such founders will often bring in new CEOs themselves and be more likely to work with their boards to develop new, post-succession roles for themselves. Choosing between money and power allows entrepreneurs to come to grips with what success means to them. Founders who want to manage empires will not believe they are successes if they lose control, even if they end up rich. Conversely, founders who understand that their goal is to amass wealth will not view themselves as failures when they step down from the top job.     

Alice’s dilemma

Mathematician Lewis Carroll used Alice’s adventures in wonderland to introduce what may happen in the singularity of a black hole. Physicists still debate whether the singularity is a window to another universe, like Alice’s mirror, or a deadly trap. Although we are not endangered by black holes, we may soon face another type of singularity, one derived from an overwhelming scientific progress. Extrapolating from last century’s scientific progress, this century will be marked by unprecedented technological breakthroughs. As technologies allow for greater increases in scientific output, the result will be an explosion in scientific progress that will reshape human civilization. We may reach a point, a singularity, where humankind will undergo a deeper change than in the past 100,000 years. In addition to incalculable benefits, technology also yields weapons of increasing destruction. Soon, knowledge may be the only resource necessary to build weapons of mass destruction. Due to the both creative and destructive nature of the human mind, the dilemma is whether the technological singularity will be a bridge to wonderland or if it will mean the end of human civilization.     

开放式基金遭遇"特里芬难题"

2001年9月,伴随着我国首只开放式基金--华安创新的发行,中国基金业的发展掀开了新的篇章.截至2002年5月,我国已有五只开放式基金,其中华安创新、南方稳健和华夏成长已进入日常的申购赎回期.     

The diamond dilemma: a case study

This paper is a case study, and instructor's guide, of a moral dilemma faced by a chartered accountant. It is a contribution to the growing interest in business ethics exhibited by universities and business schools around the world. Reasons offered in support of a particular course of action are analysed using Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development.

If I were teaching a course in ethics, I would teach Kohlberg's moral-development theory as the grist for the moral mill. (Thomas Lickona 1980, p.121)     

两难困境中更需理性抉择

从城市信用社,到城市商业银行,再到区域性银行,国内中小银行的每一次业务转型,都经历了核心系统的升级改造,而每一次的升级改造带来的都是伤筋动骨式的变化。特别是近几年国内外金融环境的日趋多变和金融产品的日渐复杂,一些同行在新核心系统建设中不尽如人意的经历,给本已不堪重负的中小银行带来了沉重的压力和困惑:核心系统究竟做成什么样,哪种建设模式更适合自己。处在两难困境中的中小银行正在经受着从未有过的艰难抉择。     

Management across boundaries: A municipal dilemma

Public sector mergers have the potential of being viable alternative to other public sector reforms in the striving toward making public service provision more equipped to confront some of the challenges faced today. Mergers however often fail to deliver promised results. Previous research point to the importance of post‐merger integrating processes for realizing the synergies expected from mergers. However, so far these studies have focused on what occurs inside organizations and less on the interplay between different levels. By adopting a governance and top management perspective, this study increases our understanding of the importance of political decisions on the outcome of a merger in the public sector context. Further, this study increases our understanding of how organizational boundaries on different levels of merging organizations influence post‐merger integrating processes and the role of different actors as boundary spanners. The results of this study are based on five case studies of public sector mergers at the local level in Sweden.     

Mitigating America's demographic dilemma by pre-funding social security

Financing Social Security benefits at current levels implies significant increases in payroll taxes within the next 20 years under current US demographic developments. Using a general-equilibrium overlapping-generations model with realistic patterns of fertility and lifespan extension, this study shows that future generations would be harmed during the demographic transition due to rising payroll taxes, which crowd out savings and slow real wage growth below the rate of technological progress. A faster rate of technological progress would mitigate only some of the payroll tax increase and its economic consequences but could not overcome them. Addressing the financing problem by reducing Social Security benefits as needed or by raising the eligibility age for benefits imposes major welfare losses on current or near term retirees. By contrast, a pre-funding of Social Security financed with consumption taxes more evenly spreads the welfare losses across generations, and it helps future generations, especially the poor, by stimulating capital formation.     

Financial credit and social discredit: the pawnbroking dilemma

Researching, and therefore marketing, ‘unmentionable’ products has always been challenging. Pawnbroking, the act of offering a loan secured by the pledge of an item of value, fits within this domain; its use is stigmatised, despite dating back centuries and enjoying high levels of user satisfaction. This study explores perceptions of pawnbroking and recommends marketing tactics to reframe it as a ‘mentionable’ credit option, allowing the sector to benefit from increased flow of information. This research uses qualitative methods to explore perceptions of pawnbroking, identifying beliefs, attitudes and barriers to use through depth interviews with non-users. The results reveal minimal understanding of the pawnbroking process, with latent stigma and stereotyping reinforced by media sources. Social pressures, emanating from the negative perception of users and perceptions of important social groups, are influential in participants’ decisions to disassociate themselves from even the possibility of pawnbroker usage. The managerial implications are that pawnbrokers should emphasise the advantages of financial credit and minimise those of social discredit. Social marketing campaigns should target current perceptions of pawnbroking and encourage informed trial amongst a broader section of society.     

用辩证法看人民币汇率矛盾

从全球视角用辨证思维审视人民币汇率矛盾,对外升值和对内贬值本质上是世界经济金融结构剧烈震荡和中国金融改革稳健前行在对立统一间的一个时序擦肩,是中国经济内部均衡和外部均衡在共同缺失中的一个货币倒影     

破解“特里芬难题”与改革现行国际货币体系

该文从剖析“特里芬难题”的本质原因入手,提出加快国际货币体系改革是解决“特里芬难题”,更是应对近半个多世纪以来国际货币金融危机频仍的根本途径。SDR作为一种在国际货币基金组织框架下由成员国集体创设的储备资产和记账单位,未来可以考虑围绕其基本的货币要素分步开展国际货币体系的改革。随着中国经济的稳健发展和人民币跨境结算进程的加快,人民币应当在国际货币体系改革进程中发挥更大的作用。     

The dilemma of implementing controls: The case of managerial accounting

Managerial accounting contains a technical theory of control. Whenever this technical theory of control is correctly implemented to deal with issues that are embarrassing or threatening, the players activate their personal-human theory of control in order to remain “in control”. The correct implementation of the personal-human theory of control necessary inhibits the effective implementation of the technical theory and vice versa.     

Resolving the deposit dilemma: A new DEA bank efficiency model

One of the weaknesses of current bank efficiency models is a disagreement as to the role of deposits in the bank production process. Some models view deposits as an input, while others view them as an output. Such disparity of approaches results in inconsistent efficiency estimates. In this study we propose an alternative Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) bank efficiency model that treats deposits as an intermediate product, thus emphasizing the dual role of deposits in the bank production process. Consequently, the effect of the amount of deposits on bank efficiency depends on the efficiency at both stages of the bank production process. The main advantage of our model is that it does not require a researcher to make a judgment call as to whether having more (production approach) or less (intermediation approach) deposits is “better” for bank efficiency. Our unified framework has the potential to produce more consistent efficiency estimates.     

国有公司外部治理导向与注册会计师执业困境

公司控制权导向的治理模式,将导致国有公司管理层向出资人等利益相关者隐藏信息,给股东监督和注册会计师等中介机构人员执业带来障碍。积极投资者关系治理导向,将增进企业与出资人的信息对话,促进国有公司长期可持续的价值增长,有利于会计师事务所等中介机构改善国有公司外部治理环境。     

保证保险打破小微企业融资僵局

资金实力弱找不到担保,没有担保得不到贷款,无法获得贷款资金更紧张……这种“老虎棒子鸡”式的“游戏”,让无数小微企业陷入融资窘境。     

Ethical dilemma at work: the viewpoint of bank marketers in Nigeria

The study sought to investigate the major factors that constitute ethical dilemmas for bank marketers in the workplace. The conclusive research design was adopted, and the population of the study consisted of part-time postgraduate students in the faculty of management sciences at the University of Benin who are bank marketers. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Results indicate that sales target and deceptive marketing significantly influence the ethical dilemma faced by bank marketers in Nigeria. The results also showed that respondents’ perception is related to education but not related to sex, marital status and age.