外包理论研究综述

外包已成为发达国家跨国公司利用外部资源提高自身竞争优势的重要手段,因此研究外包的内涵和理论基础具有重要意义.文章首先探讨了外包的定义,就外包的基本理论,如交易成本理论、价值链理论、核心能力理论、资源观经济学理论和"木桶理论"进行了研究,使我们对外包的产生和发展有了更清楚的认识.     

资源观理论框架的整理

企业的资源观已经成为战略管理方面的一个主要理论基础,但流派众多、复杂混乱.本文借助一个包括三个维度的框架将三个主要的资源观流派企业资源观、企业能力理论和企业知识理论的研究重点和轮廓进行了厘清.这三个维度是基本假设、分析层次和动态性.     

制造战略研究回顾与中国问题的展望

综述了制造战略研究的历史和现状，提出了一个复杂多变环境下的制造战略研究框架，并对制造战略研究进行了分类。基于企业内外部视角，复杂多变环境下的制造战略理论框架包含制造战略内容、过程和输出。根据研究范式的不同，制造战略理论模式划分为：最佳实践观、权变观、资源基础观和复杂适应系统观。提出了中国制造业发展战略的管理研究的内容框架。中国制造战略研究的宏观问题包括国家制造战略，以及区域和行业制造战略。微观层面问题包括：制造战略转换、绿色制造战略、制造网络的知识管理战略、中小企业制造战略、外包和制造服务战略，以及制造战略绩效评价。     

我国企业物流外包探因及服务商的关联度

对企业物流外包的主要动因以及企业对现有物流外包业务满意度的实证分析表明,我国企业物流外包的主要动因按重要度依次是:提高物流服务速度、降低成本、降低货损率、提升物流服务稳定性和降低差错率。专注于核心业务并不是目前我国企业将物流业务外包的主要动因。现阶段我国第三方物流企业的服务并不能很好地满足企业对提高物流绩效及降低成本等主要动因的要求,这是阻滞企业将物流外包的主要原因。     

企业战略外包竞争优势分析——基于价值链理论

文章基于价值链理论分析企业采用战略外包所能为其带来的竞争优势,从企业内部和外部价值链的战略外包策略着手,分析非核心业务与核心业务的战略外包模式,得出企业采用战略外包这种方式可以为其带来一定的竞争优势。研究结果表明,采用价值链管理的企业倾向于使用战略外包模式进行经营,同时,企业采用战略外包可以为企业带来差异化和低成本的竞争优势。     

企业海外收购动因会影响股权选择吗?——兼谈企业盈利能力的调节效应

本文基于BVD-Zephyr全球并购交易数据库,采用2001—2016年中国上市公司海外并购交易数据,从国际商务理论尤其是资源基础观角度重点剖析企业海外并购动因对股权选择的影响,并探讨了盈利能力对两者关系的调节作用。研究结果表明,企业海外并购动因对股权选择有显著影响,相对于战略资产寻求动因的企业,具有海外市场开拓动因的企业倾向于较高的股权并购比例;进而发现,在并购整合过程中,盈利能力显著地调节了企业海外并购动因与股权选择之间的关系,即与战略资产寻求动因的企业相比,具有海外市场开拓动因的企业随着企业盈利能力的不断提升,其股权并购比例较高的行为会被显著削弱;最后,本文还对企业性质、行业差异以及目标方区位等因素进行了分组检验,发现企业盈利能力对并购动因与股权选择之间关系的调节效应在不同情境下表现出一定程度的分化。本文的研究为中国企业做出科学、合理的海外并购的股权选择决策提供理论指导,并为国际学术界提供中国的经验证据。     

总编圈点

职能外包战略,即企业为获得战略上的优势,将原企业内部的职能通过利用外部资源来完成的战略。职能外包作为提高企业核心竞争力的手段,目前已广泛被欧美大企业所采用。其中,生产外包和信息系统外包作为职能外包战略的重要组成部分,应用最为普遍。生产外包也称“贴牌”生产,即企业将原本自行生产或应自行生产的业务外包给其他企业;信息系统外包即企业将自己的信息部门外包给具有专业技术的服务商,以契约形式要求服务商为其提供高质量的服务和应用系统。     

企业战略联盟关系建立动因研究——资源观视角与交易成本视角的融合

企业战略联盟关系建立动因是实践关注和理论研究的重要问题.本文首先提出企业联盟关系的二维结构,认为资源关系是联盟关系的本质,决定联盟的合作价值;交易关系是建立双方资源间关系的必要条件,决定联盟的治理成本.随后,分别从资源维度和交易维度分析战略联盟的价值创造和交易治理机制.最后,从静态和动态的角度综合两个维度的分析,认为联盟净值决定着企业战略联盟关系建立的决策.     

“外包”的动机及其实现方式

当前 ,“外包”正在成为全球企业界的一股潮流 ,本文介绍了企业外包的动因 ,并对企业“外包”的具体内容及其发展情况进行了系统分析 ,提出了“外包”大潮对中国企业的挑战与机遇。     

招聘外包：一种新兴的招聘形式

文章在阐述招聘外包含义的基础上,分析了招聘外包产生的动因,提出了企业招聘外包实施步骤,从而指导企业正确地实施招聘外包。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.