新型农村合作医疗推行中的利益博弈

农村合作医疗制度的构建不仅取决于中央政府的决策,也受各级地方政府、定点医疗机构以及农民的影响。本文从不同的政策利益主体相互博弈的视角,探讨了政策实践中存在的问题,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

从日照角度探讨新型台阶式住宅

本文就利用太阳高度角和方位角改善住宅日照环境方面，探讨了行列式单元住宅面宽方向的屋顶轮廓对日照环境及日照间距的影响，并比较分析了不同单位组合形式在不同组群布局时的日照环境差异，提出了有利于改善日照、压缩间距的新型台阶式住宅形式。     

领袖地产企业的区域性

各区域在住房制度改革，房地产市场化程度，房地产市场法管理等市场环境方面存在着极大差异，由于自然环境，经济环境，政策环境等方面影响，地区差异难以从根本上消除。     

新型农村合作医疗推行中的利益博弈

农村合作医疗制度的构建不仅取决于中央政府的决策,也受各级地方政府、定点医疗机构以及农民的影响。本文从不同的政策利益主体相互博弈的视角,探讨了政策实践中存在的问题,并提出了相应的政策建汉。     

基于系统动力学的房产税政策仿真研究

为了科学、有效地分析房产税对房地产市场的调控作用,提高房地产政策的合理性与前瞻性,有必要建立商品住宅系统政策仿真模型,深入分析住宅系统内各因素之间的反馈关系。基于建立的住宅仿真模型,实现对房产税政策的模拟实验,得出房产税政策对住宅需求市场以及住宅价格的影响程度。本文以昆明市房地产市场作为研究样本,利用仿真系统进行了实证分析。实证结果表明,房产税对住宅增量有抑制作用,但短期内对住宅价格影响程度有限。     

基于多方合作博弈的我国低碳环境政策优化路径

针对我国低碳转型环境政策的优化问题,本研究建立了中央政府、地方政府和高碳企业三方为博弈主体的动态博弈模型,引入中央和地方政府的宏观调控机制,求解博弈模型的均衡解并进行分析,找到影响我国低碳转型环境政策优化的关键因素。研究结果表明,低碳环境政策的优化需要中央政府、地方政府以及高碳企业三方的协同合作。在此基础上,进一步探讨了我国低碳转型环境政策的优化路径,并提出相应的对策和建议:提高中央政府的补贴力度,强化低碳减排的政策引导作用;合理制定地方政府补贴方案,适当引入外部资金;发挥政府宏观调控作用,充分调动高碳企业低碳减排的积极性。     

政府质量、预算软约束与政府会计准则制度执行效果——基于预算执行审计和财政透明度的双重视角

不同地方政府质量对政府会计准则制度执行效果的影响不同。基于2009—2017年中国31个省、自治区、直辖市的地区数据实证分析发现：地方政府质量对政府会计准则制度执行效果具有显著的正向影响。但是在预算软约束作用下,这种正向影响发生了逆向改变,即预算软约束对地方政府质量与政府会计准则制度执行效果的关系起到了反向调节作用。进一步研究发现：由于东、中、西部地区的发展差异以及中央政策的地区性差异,东部和西部的政府质量对政府会计准则制度执行效果的影响要高于中部地区;随着东、中、西部省份发展程度由强变弱,预算软约束对政府质量与政府会计准则制度执行效果关系的负向调节作用也逐渐减弱。     

基于灰色系统理论的成都市住宅价格影响因素分析

本文采用灰色关联度分析法对成都市住宅价格影响因素进行实证分析,得出人口因素和城镇居民人均可支配收入对住宅价格的影响最大,住宅市场表现出供给不足的状态.最后,提出相应的政策建议.     

“家庭农场”引致性问题探讨

随着2013年中央一号文件的提出，家庭农场得到了鼓励和发展。相应的，该政策也导致多地方农民权益得不到保证。对此，本文从家庭农场提出的背景出发，探讨确保家庭农村有效运行的条件，并在此基础上提出相应的制度防范与制度救济。     

“房价倒挂”的城市异质性研究——基于我国35个主要城市的实证分析

近年来，我国大中型城市住宅价格表现出较为明显的“倒挂”现象，即二手住宅价格高于新建商品住宅价格。其原因一方面来自于限价政策对于新建商品住宅价格的约束，另一方面则在于整个市场环境中预期对房价的不断推高。从城市异质性的角度，探究了“房价倒挂”在不同类别城市中的形成原因差异，并得到以下结论：(1)引起“房价倒挂”的主要原因在于政策约束与预期推高；(2)政策约束对一线和二线城市作用明显，预期推高则对新一线城市作用明显；(3)需求预期对“房价倒挂”的作用受到房地产政策不确定性的门限效应影响，存在加速效应。最后从长效机制、疏导预期以及因城施策的角度给出了政策建议。     

Impacts of Second Home Development on Housing Prices in the Southern Appalachian Highlands

This study estimates the value of socioeconomic, spatial and environmental attributes on housing prices of both urban and rural communities in the primary and second home areas of the Southern Appalachian Highlands, using the hedonic property price model. Distance and environmental attributes are valued more heavily in the rural communities of the second home area than in the urban communities of the primary home area. The effect of second homes on housing prices is mainly evident in the rural communities. Second home development impacts a home's value by US$2,378, or 4.2% of $56,245, the average value of a rural home.     

Cost (In)Efficiency and Institutional Pressures in Nursing Home Chains

Over the past 10 years, merger activities in the private for-profit nursing home industry have been increasing in Europe. In this paper, we investigate chain affiliation’s influence on the performance of lucrative nursing homes. We measure performance using a cost frontier estimated by stochastic analysis on a sample of 370 French for-profit nursing homes. We find that cost efficiency decreases with the number of facilities in a chain. We also identify different external actor types in nursing homes’ institutional environment and test their influence. We show that nursing home chains’ cost efficiency improves when local governments and shareholders exert pressure. Our results are robust to alternative model specifications and another definition of costs. Overall, our findings inform researchers, as well as standards setters, of the relevance of chain affiliation and of the role of institutional pressures regarding cost containment at the nursing home level.     

Deconstructing distressed-property spillovers: The effects of vacant,tax-delinquent,and foreclosed properties in housing submarkets

In this empirical analysis, we estimate the impacts of property-tax delinquency, vacancy, and foreclosures on the value of neighboring homes. We demonstrate that these externalities differ in high- and low-poverty submarkets. Numerous studies have estimated the externality of foreclosures. These papers theorize that the foreclosure impact works partially through creating vacant and neglected homes. To our knowledge, this is only the second attempt to estimate the impact of vacancy itself and the first to use tax-delinquency as a measure of property neglect. We link vacancy observations from Postal Service data with property-tax delinquency and sales data from Cuyahoga County, Ohio. We find that an additional property within 500 ft that is vacant or delinquent reduces a home’s selling price by 1 to 2%. In low-poverty submarkets, the negative impact of a home that is both vacant and delinquent is ?4.6%. Low-poverty submarkets penalize a sale near a tax-current recent foreclosure by 4 to 8%. In high-poverty submarkets, we observe positive correlations of sale prices with vacant foreclosures. This may reflect lenders selectively foreclosing only on relatively well-maintained properties.     

Brain drain and institutions of governance: Educational attainment of immigrants to the US 1988–1998

We investigate the impact of home country institutions on the skill level of immigrants to the United States over 1988–1998. Specifically, we explore the hypothesis that institutions are multidimensional and that the different dimensions have conflicting impacts on the migration of skilled labor. Using an exploratory factor analysis on fifteen institutional variables, we identify the following dimensions of institutional character: credibility, transparency, democracy, and the security of civil society. We find that credibility and transparency increase the magnitude of brain drain, security reduces it, and democracy has no significant impact.     

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Abstract

Within public administration and policy sciences the concept of policy networks nowadays is well accepted. Not much attention has been paid so far to strategies aimed at institutional design. Therefore, in this article, we develop a conceptual framework to study institutional design more thoroughly. We do this by specifying the nature and variety of institutional rules that guide the behaviour of actors within networks. Given this categorization of rules, we identify possible strategies to change network rules. Next, we focus on the strategic context of attempts to influence the nature of institutional rules: the process of institutional design. We conclude with suggestions to apply the conceptual framework to empirical research into the forms, impacts and implications of attempts to change the institutional features of policy networks.     

Human resource management in Chinese multinationals in the United Kingdom: The interplay of institutions,culture, and strategic choice

This is a study of the challenges faced by Chinese expatriate managers and their strategic responses in securing a workable degree of alignment in UK subsidiaries, against a backdrop of competing home‐country and host‐country pressures. Although much of the literature on home‐country and host‐country effects tends to either adopt a culture or an institutional approach, this study highlights the intermeshed nature of the two. In locating cultural dynamics within an institutional firmament, this study juxtaposes the effects of each and draws conclusions as to their intersection. It is founded on in‐depth interviews with home‐country and host‐country managers. The findings suggest, on the one hand, Chinese expatriate managers tended to see local regulations as an obstacle to efficiency, rather than as a means to access context‐specific complementarities. On the other hand, these managers recognized the need to fit in with established locally specific ways of doing things and in securing sufficient staff buy in to sustain operations, and played a key intermediary role between headquarters and subsidiary.     

Entrepreneurship education: the role of local business

Entrepreneurship education is high on political agendas for its contributions to cultural change and economic growth. Scholars have suggested that the local context may influence the results of entrepreneurship education, and have recommended that educators strengthen their relationships with local businesses and help students learn from actual business settings. By combining policy analysis with empirical data, the present qualitative study explores two issues. First, we look at how the role of local business is expressed in entrepreneurship education policy documents. Second, we explore how local entrepreneurial activity and culture may influence how policies are understood and translated into practice at the local level. The findings indicate that collaboration between schools and business life may strengthen, rather than change, existing local development paths. The present paper contributes to the literature and understanding of the interplay between entrepreneurship education policy and the local context and proposes several policy recommendations emerging from the empirical study.     

Displacing Informality: Rights and Legitimacy in Belo Horizonte,Brazil

This article compares two cases of displacement suffered by informal workers and informal residents in the Brazilian city of Belo Horizonte, both connected to the hosting of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. It asks the following question: considering that the right to work and the right to housing are both enshrined in the Brazilian Constitution, why do claims upon space based on those constitutional rights have different degrees of legitimacy? Two cases are analysed in detail. The first one concerns a group of informal workers displaced from their workspace for the modernization of the local stadium. The second one tells the story of an informal settlement where 90 families were displaced due to the construction of a flyover designed to improve access to the football stadium. This article engages with current postcolonial debates around urban informality, tackling two points that have been absent from these discussions. First, it compares two ways of informally occupying urban space—for work and for housing—revealing the distinct degrees of legitimacy embedded in such practices due to pre‐existing institutional arrangements. Second, it emphasizes the connection between work and home through the life strategies and place‐making practices of the urban poor.     

Fast Parallels? Contesting Mobile Policy Technologies

This article extends recent examinations of incomplete or disrupted policy mobility by examining the politically volatile case of policies to manage the regional impacts of decarbonization in Australia. The article's extended case study shows how political interests differently incorporated figments of circulating policy into longstanding debates and how more‐than‐local political networks defeated an antipolitical, technocratic exercise in ‘new regional’ governance. ‘Follow the policy’ methods could not have revealed the complexities of this case. The article concludes that mobilities approaches need to be more attentive to institutional arrangements, to the contested politics of policy formation and to the ambiguities of perceived policy likenesses. This case highlights the importance of considering how antipolitical institutional architectures facilitating policy mobility relate to established political power networks.     

Seasonal Homes and the Local Property Tax: Evidence from New York State

This study examines the growth of seasonal (i.e., second or vacation) homes and their impact on local property tax rates using evidence from towns and villages in New York State between 1990 and 2000. We find that a greater concentration of seasonal homes in a municipality is associated with a lower effective property tax rate in towns, and a higher rate in small and rural villages. An alternative measure of tax burden, property taxes as a percentage of median household income, is not related to the presence of seasonal homes in towns but is positively related in small and rural villages. Our findings for towns contradict the findings of an earlier study by Fritz (1982 ) that found that an increase in town property allocated to vacation homes was significantly associated with an increasing property tax rate, although our findings for villages supports his findings.