Evaluating the effectiveness of destination marketing organisations' websites: evidence from China

Despite the extensive use of the Internet as a marketing tool by Chinese destination marketing organisations (DMOs), few studies have been conducted to measure the effectiveness of Chinese DMOs' websites. This study attempted to fill the gap by constructing a conceptual website evaluation model consisting of five dimensions of information, communication, transaction, relationship and technical merit. The proposed framework was tested to evaluate the effectiveness of each of the dimensions of 31 Chinese Provincial Tourism Administrations' (PTAs) websites. The results indicated that overall, the PTAs in China were not using their websites effectively. Among the five dimensions, transaction and relationship dimensions were the weakest areas of Chinese PTAs' websites. Great variation exists in the website effectiveness among different provinces. Suggestions and implications were provided and discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The regionalization of Hutchison Port Holdings in Mainland China

Hong Kong-based Hutchison Port Holdings has been successful in capturing Mainland China's container port joint venture market share. After examining a handful of push and pull factors influencing the firm's regionalization drive, this research describes the firm's regional spatial strategies. In addition to traditional economic factors, Hutchison Port Holdings' market share dominance is explained by socio-cultural and political factors within the context of Mainland China's economic articulation with the global economy, and the institutional medium of a territorially defined “time-space governance” embedded within the political economy of pre- and post-1997 Hong Kong. The firm's superior joint venture bargaining position within this governance system is illustrated by its busiest joint venture ports of Shanghai and Yantian.     

模糊语言指标属性函数在铁路客运提速评价中的应用

对铁路客运提速系统的综合评价问题可以依据铁路客运特点确定提速的主要指标,通过一种属性测度函数进行单项指标的评价、多项指标的综合评价。对列车提速方案进行系统评价时,多种指标的选择能使整个评价模型系统充分反映铁路提速与客运需求的互动作用。     

A review of website evaluation studies in the tourism and hospitality fields from 1996 to 2009

This paper reviews website evaluation studies in the tourism and hospitality fields published between January 1996 and September 2009. A website evaluation framework that includes evaluation by phases, evaluation by features, and evaluation by features and effectiveness is developed. The strengths and weaknesses of each method of evaluation are analyzed, and research gaps and future research directions are explored. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

编组站调车场线群的调整运用模型

为了提高编组站调车场线路的有效利用率,借鉴到发线合理运用及调车场线路固定使用方法的有关研究成果,定义了调车场线群、线域的概念,建立了以股道占用、调车线最高集结车辆数、解体时间区间与编组时间区间冲突和总车流量为约束条件,以出发列车集结占用线路数量、调车线集结车流去向的分散度和调车线的空闲车数为目标函数的调车场线群调整运用模型,并结合编组站配流模型生成的配流方案及列车的解编顺序方案,给出了模型的解决思路。     

An evaluation of unethical business practices in Australia's China inbound tourism market

This paper examines the prevalence of unethical practices within the business sector operating in the China to Australia tourism market. The range and nature of the practices are outlined in the context of the structure of outbound operations in China and inbound operations in Australia, taking account of the roles of the respective governments. The prospective impact of the practices on the growth of the market is evaluated. An estimation is provided of the potentially negative impacts of word‐of‐mouth recommendations on future China to Australia tourism flows. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.     

An Exploratory analysis of flight delay propagation in China

Delay propagation is the flight departure delay caused by the arrival delay of pre-segment flight. Chinese airline market has suffered very poor on-time performance (OTP) in recent years. It is, however, unclear whether delay propagation prevails as one major source for such problem. This study first aims to empirically quantify delay propagation in the Chinese airline market. Specifically, we shed light on heterogenous levels of delay propagations across different airports and airlines. Then, the distinct delay propagation patterns in China are also discussed and compared with other developed airline markets (e.g., the US and Europe). Our estimation is based on OTP data for over 12 million Chinese flights covering the 2015–2017 period. Specifically, it is found that 10 min arrival delay of pre-segment flight within 1 hr before the departure lead to an average of 7.49 mins delay propagation for subsequent departure flight. Arrival delay of earlier pre-segments (1–2 and 2–3 hr before the departure) leads to much less delay propagation, due to longer ground buffer. Chinese airlines arrange longer ground and flight buffer than that of the US airlines to prevent the delay propagation from accumulating along the subsequent flights in a day. Thus, unlike the US market, delay propagation is not the major reason for poor OTP in China. In addition, delay propagation is less prevailing at the Chinese hub airport. This is because China has relied on point-to-point network, which does not require sophisticated schedule coordination. And the local passengers at these Chinese hub airports have higher time value such that the Chinese airlines also try to improve OTP at these hub airports to better serve these lucrative but time-sensitive local passengers. Unlike the European LCCs, Spring Airlines, the largest low-cost carrier (LCC) in China, outperforms major full-service carriers (FSCs) in controlling delay propagation. This finding may also apply to other Northeast Asian LCCs sharing common operational characteristics as Spring Airlines. Last, we find that airlines purposely tolerate moderate departure delays of up to 15 min, which is the threshold that defines delays, no matter whether the pre-segment flight arrives late or on-time. The relevant policy and managerial implications are also discussed.     

基于季节调整模型的我国铁路客运量波动分析

在研究TRAMO/SEATS季节调整模型计算方法的基础上,基于我国铁路2002年1月—2010年2月的客运量月度数据,应用Demetra软件,通过季节调整模型参数设置、模型的估计和检验,得到2010年3月—2012年2月的铁路客运量预测值,并对预测结果进行趋势性和季节性分析。研究结果表明,Tramo/Seats季节调整模型的预测精度较高。     

Geographic Information Systems in the Service of Alternative Tourism – Methods with Landscape Evaluation and Target Group Preference Weighting

There is a large variety of types of rural areas and many of them are rich in landscape beauty. However, their preserved culture and traditions are revalued in today's rapid transformation of lifestyles. Alternative tourism is thus an emerging potential to economically support these areas, at the same time helps to preserve natural and cultural heritage. The methods provide sophisticated means to analyse the characteristics and the potential attractiveness of landscape and cultural attractions from the viewpoint of alternative tourism development. Homogenous tourism sub‐regions can be defined, and the most suitable development scenarios can be found to the certain areas. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

突发事件对我国铁路客运量的干预特征研究

基于新冠肺炎疫情等突发事件对人们日常生活出行的影响,结合X-13ARIMASEATS季节调整模型的自动识别最优ARIMA模型和检测突发事件离群值功能,使用脉冲函数和阶梯函数设计基于离群值的突发事件的干预变量,构建铁路客运量的时间序列ARIMAX干预模型,对铁路客运量近年受到的SARS疫情、铁路客票实名制政策和新冠肺炎疫情等突发事件的冲击趋势进行干预比较分析。结果显示,SARS和新冠肺炎疫情对铁路客运量冲击较大,SARS疫情在冲击滞后的第5~6期铁路客运量基本得到恢复,新冠肺炎疫情对铁路客运量冲击一直在持续中,铁路客运实名制政策实施社会性较强,冲击具有波动性和不稳定性特征,持续时间较短;相对季节调整模型的趋势分析优势,干预模型拟合预测精度显著高于季节调整模型,预测显示我国铁路客运量在缓慢持续回暖中。     

铁路客运站配套停车场泊位数量计算模型

铁路客运站配套停车场主要用于停靠接、送旅客的非营运车辆和出租车与其他社会车辆。在考虑接旅客车辆在停车场停留时间、旅客列车到达时刻、乘坐接旅客车辆人数等因素的基础上,构建接旅客车辆所需泊位数计算模型,采用系数法构建送旅客车辆和其他社会车辆所需泊位数计算模型,形成停车场泊位数量计算模型。以计算石家庄客运站停车场所需泊位数量为例,通过模型应用验证,分析模型的有效性。     

战区军事交通运输网络保障能力评价研究

战区军事交通运输网络是战区平战时组织军事运输的物质基础,直接影响和制约战区军事交通运输的保障能力和水平。为此,建立科学合理的战区军事交通运输网络评价指标体系和方法,对于完善战区军事交通网络布局,做好战区军事交通准备具有重要意义。     

用层次分析模型选择我国铁路营业站

当前我国铁路既有线仍存在营业站设置过多,布局分散的问题,对铁路运输产生了诸多不利的影响。因此,如何选择合理的营业站,对铁路当前生产力布局调整具有重要的现实意义。     

Evaluating the impact of organizational patterns on the efficiency of urban rail transit systems in China

Over the past few decades, to help alleviate surface road congestion and protect environment, the enthusiasm for constructing Urban Rail Transit systems (URTs) is booming in many megacities of China. Owning to the distinct characteristics, the URTs in different Chinese cities exhibit different organizational patterns, which can be classified into three models (i.e., Publicly owned-operated model, Contemporary commercialization model and Innovative privatization model). The application of the proposed SM-NDEA model indicates the average overall efficiency of Chinese URT systems is relatively low, which is more influenced by the financial and construction inefficiencies than the production and consumption inefficiencies. The detailed comparisons among three organizational models show there exists some differences in terms of the overall efficiency and efficiency scores of four stages across three organizational patterns.     

旅客列车车底运用优化模型及算法

通过论述旅客列车车底运用模式对客车车底使用效率的影响,建立中心客运站车底周转接续方式优化模型,以及具有双层目标函数指派问题的算法。     

Understanding the parking supply mechanism in China: a case study of Shenzhen

Parking policy in China is characterized by “high regulation in supply and mispricing.” City governments rely on the “minimum parking requirement,” the conventional approach, to manage parking quantity, which shapes a unique phenomenon called the “developer-led supply pattern.” In this paper, we establish ordinary least squares models to explore “spatial-mismatch” characteristics that result from the current parking policy and infer the latent mechanism of parking supply using geographical correlation analysis. In the case of Shenzhen, we found that few urban factors at the district level are involved in the decision making of developers regarding parking provision, which compromises the endeavor of creating sustainable transport and thus requires further policy intervention. Market force serves its role in strict planning regulations at the neighborhood level because of the dominant role of property developers. These models not only confirm the mismatch of parking supply with the objectives of sustainable urban transport but also reveal the willingness of developers as a driving force that interacts with the regulatory environment. Such willingness leads to a spatially inconsistent, inefficient parking supply pattern over the entire Shenzhen metropolis. Based on these findings, two suggestions are made for parking policy on district and neighborhood bases that address the situation of high-density urbanization in Chinese cities and similar circumstances.     

我国铁水联运港口作业区布局优化研究

铁水联运港口作业区是铁水联运作业的重要场所之一,铁水联运港口作业区布局直接影响着铁水联运的作业效率。为提高铁水联运港口作业效率,减少因方案调整产生的无效工作,在阐述铁水联运港口作业区组成的基础上,使用SLP法和铁水联运港口作业区布局优化模型进行两阶段耦合优化研究,以马鞍山郑蒲港区为例验证铁水联运港口作业区布局优化模型及其算法的可行性,充分发掘铁路联运港口作业区影响因素,提升铁水联运港口作业区域布局工作效率的优势,为铁水联运的总体布局方案提供科学合理的依据。     

我国西北地区铁路网络可靠性研究

我国西北地区铁路网络密度较低,如果线路或车站发生故障导致行车中断,对铁路运输影响较大。以我国西北地区普速铁路和高速铁路为研究对象,根据主要城市的铁路客运量、人口和GDP等综合因素,选取40个城市作为节点,基于SpaceL空间构建西北地区物理网络,计算我国西北地区铁路网络的度分布和中介中心性。采用单个节点攻击、蓄意ID攻击、蓄意RD攻击3种模拟方法计算节点失效后网络的全局效率,以分析西北铁路网络的可靠性。结果表明,西安、兰州、嘉峪关、中卫和咸阳对西北地区铁路网络的可靠性影响较大,应优先加强这些重要节点的连通性,以提升铁路网络的可靠性。     

An urban consolidation center in the city of Copenhagen: A simulation study

Urban consolidation centers (UCCs) have a key role in many initiatives in urban logistics, yet few of them are successful in the long run. The high costs often prevent attracting a sufficient number of UCC users. In this paper, we study sustainable business models and the supporting role of administrative policies. We perform an agent-based simulation applied to the city of Copenhagen and collect data from a variety of sources to model the agents. Both the data and case setup are validated by means of expert interviews. We test 1,458 schemes that combine several administrative measures and cost settings. Most schemes yield significant environmental benefits; many of them reduce the truck kilometers driven by about 65% and emissions by about 70%. The key challenge is to identify schemes that are also financially sustainable. We show the importance of committing carriers to the UCC as soon as possible, as carriers potentially generate the bulk of the revenue. Subsequent revenues may be generated by offering value-adding services to receivers. Based on the numerical experiments, we pose various propositions that aid in providing favorable conditions for a UCC, improving its chances of long-term success.     

Drivers of airline loyalty: Evidence from the business travelers in China

This paper examines the key factors that determine business traveler loyalty toward full-service airlines in China. Based on literature review and panel interview, ten airline attributes under three categories were derived: (a) operational factors: safety, punctuality, and aircraft; (b) competitive factors: frequency of flights, schedule, frequent flyer program, ticket price, and reputation; and (c) attractive factors: in flight food & drinks and in flight staff service. We surveyed 2000 Chinese business travelers on domestic flights, obtaining 462 usable questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analysis reveals that reputation, in-flight service, frequent flyer program, and aircraft have the greatest influence in driving airline loyalty.