Time-bound concepts in the catholic social teaching of the 19th and early 20th centuries

This essay has both a general and a specific purpose. Its general purpose is to pose the question: Can neoclassical economics be social economics? Its answer to this general question is: Yes, but only if it abandons its methodological soul; that is, by abandoning methodological individualism, positivism, and ahistoricism, and expressly and systematically adopting a methodological perspective which is holistic, normative, and historical. Its specific purpose is to identify and examine the major elements in the economics of one leading figure in the historical development of neoclassical economics who self-consciously attempted to combine, to paraphrase Schumpeter, a neoclassical head with a social economics heart: Alfred Marshall.     

Telecommunications, an instrument of radical change for both the 20th and 21st centuries

This paper compares and contrasts how entrepreneurial disruptions, firm innovations, foreign market expansion and government restraint interact during three distinct periods to create and dramatically expand one service—telecommunications. Because this service has the ability to help business overcome the frictions of time, it has become both an enabling and lead technology in the dramatic economic growth. Telecommunications was instrumental in ushering in the formation of the third Kondratieff long Wave upswing at the beginning of the 20th century and appears to be important in jumpstarting the emerging information economy in the fifth Kondratieff Wave at the end of the 20th century.     

社会保障的新理念与中国农民扶持性社会保障体制

中国的市场化改革使广大的中国农民直接暴露在现代市场经济风险下,而家庭联产承包制的实施又使改革开放前与计划经济体制相适应的保障体制无法运转,这样,中国广大农民成为了现代市场经济中最没有保障的弱势群体。因此,建立农民社会保障体系的意义重大。中国农民社会保障体制迟迟没有建立的原因有二:其一,传统社会保障理念仅考虑到其工具价值,忽视了其目的价值;其二,农民的组织化程度低,导致他们在社会利益分割过程中没有谈判地位。从建立农民社会保障体制的双重价值出发,建立保障农民生存权和基本发展权的农民扶持性社会保障体制具有重要意义。     

19世纪以来的管理会计理论

管理会计的本质是会计和管理的有机结合,它在企业管理中起着十分重要的作用.管理会计的形成和发展受社会实践及经济理论的双重影响,本文纵观 19 世纪以来管理理论的发展过程,从而探讨不同阶段管理会计的内容及管理会计未来的发展方向.     

专家对19世纪上半期德国交通政策的影响分析

19世纪上半期,德国的一批专家对政府的交通政策产生了较大的影响。他们给当时奋发向上的市民提供了社会舆论支持,同时他们自己又在更高的舞台上表演。他们在“是否采纳铁路作为交通工具”、“大技术体系”等方面进行了充分的讨论,给政府提供了富有建设性的意见,并由此创造了学者政治的模式。专家们并不谋求直接在政治上发展,而是把自己看成超党派的公众的良心;而政府听取他们的意见,则体现了政府尊重科学的明智之举。     

20世纪的货币政策与股票市场兴衰

本文检验了美、英、德三国在20世纪实行的货币政策与其股票市场兴衰之间的关联性。结果发现：当产出快速增长且通货膨胀率维持低位时,股票市场多为繁荣;当通货膨胀持续上升且货币政策日趋紧缩时,股票市场也日渐萧条。借助对于上述几国战后数据的隐性变量VAR分析,本文证实了通货膨胀因素对于股票市场存在着明显影响。因此,中央银行可以通过降低价格指数的非预期性波动来维持金融市场的稳定。     

An econometric model of France during the 19th century

A model of the French economy in the 19th century is presented, first, to test the consistency of the national income series that are currently being developed and, second, to highlight the factors that account for the slowing down of the country's economic growth during the middle decades of that century. A few simulations of the model are also presented to give a clearer view of the structural change the economy experienced, and as an illustration of the general working of the model and its potential applications.     

新时代中国特色社会主义经济建设:问题与探索——第十九届中国青年经济学者论坛综述

<正>2019年9月20日至22日第十九届中国青年经济学者论坛在武汉大学成功举办。本届论坛由中国社会科学院经济研究所《经济研究》编辑部、北京大学光华管理学院、武汉大学经济与管理学院/高级研究中心主办,武汉大学经济与管理学院承办。论坛共计收到国内外中国青年经济学者论文751篇,经过两轮评审流程,185篇高质量论文脱颖而出,入选本届论坛。来自全国数十所高校、科研机构以及境外高校的近两百名学者齐聚一堂,就新时代中国特色社会主义经济建设中亟待解决的重     

二十世纪中国思想学术的主体是什么？

我们可以看到,二十世纪中国学术的主体是历史学中的实证主义,显然这同旧有的国家文化传统是一脉相承的,只是在现代更渗入了科学主义的思想影响与共鸣而已;然而就总体上言,仍然是落进了朴学的框架之中,至少造成的事实效果趋近于此。     

19世纪美国西部土地政策的嬗变及其特点

19世纪美国西部的土地政策经历了国有公地销售政策推行时期,改革时期和补充完善时期三个阶段,体现出了渐进和激进变革相结合,土地政策和边疆的扩张相结合,土地政策的普遍性和特殊性相结合以及政府土地售让和私人土地投机相结合的特点,充分证明了西部土地政策的适时调整和动态演进是西部经济现代化的关键。     

Decentralized coercion and self-restraint in provincial taxation: The Ottoman Empire, 15th–16th centuries

For technological reasons the central administration of a state may want to entrust to provincial delegates the dual tasks of extracting provincial resources and converting them into coercive force. This article establishes that the coercive threat that the delegates pose may make the administration cap the amount they extract. The cap will cause the state not to internalize the marginal benefits of provincial economic development. It will also induce inefficient economic policies. The identified institutional setup is consistent with the political regime, economic policy, and legislation of the Ottoman Empire during its classical age.     

Growth in global materials use, GDP and population during the 20th century

The growing industrial metabolism is a major driver of global environmental change. We present an assessment of the global use of materials since the beginning of the 20th century based on the conceptual and methodological principles of material flow accounting (MFA). On the grounds of published statistical data, data compilations and estimation procedures for material flows not covered by international statistical sources, we compiled a quantitative estimate of annual global extraction of biomass, fossil energy carriers, metal ores, industrial minerals and construction minerals for the period 1900 to 2005. This period covers important phases of global industrialisation and economic growth. The paper analyses the observed changes in the overall size and composition of global material flows in relation to the global economy, population growth and primary energy consumption. We show that during the last century, global materials use increased 8-fold. Humanity currently uses almost 60 billion tons (Gt) of materials per year. In particular, the period after WWII was characterized by rapid physical growth, driven by both population and economic growth. Within this period there was a shift from the dominance of renewable biomass towards mineral materials. Materials use increased at a slower pace than the global economy, but faster than world population. As a consequence, material intensity (i.e. the amount of materials required per unit of GDP) declined, while materials use per capita doubled from 4.6 to 10.3 t/cap/yr. The main material groups show different trajectories. While biomass use hardly keeps up with population growth, the mineral fractions grow at a rapid pace. We show that increases in material productivity are mostly due to the slow growth of biomass use, while they are much less pronounced for the mineral fractions. So far there is no evidence that growth of global materials use is slowing down or might eventually decline and our results indicate that an increase in material productivity is a general feature of economic development.     

议会政党的挫折:民国初年广东的中国同盟会及国民党

中国同盟会改组为议会政党国民党时,尽量吸收以议员、官职身份为“资源”的政治精英,以试图掌握中央、地方政权。为此目的,国民党只关注水平方向的动员活动,而忽略垂直方向的领导关系,因此未能构成坚固的指挥系统,亦未能将其认同民族共和国的意识浸透于广泛的社会人民,以使他们团结一致拥护议会民主体制。本文通过对广东的同盟会及国民党组织的地方、基层分析,作出以上的结论。     

纪念改革开放30周年暨《经济学家》创刊20周年理论研讨会纪要

编者按:在纪念中国改革开放30周年之际,由西南财经大学、<经济学家>杂志社、新知研究院主办的纪念改革开放30周年暨<经济学家>创刊20周年理论研讨会在北京召开.在开幕式上,吴树青、胡代光、卫兴华、张卓元、周叔莲、赵人伟、黄范章、徐维凡等专家学者发表了热情洋溢的致辞.到会的80余位专家、学者及领导同志总结了中国改革开放30年来的新鲜经验,回顾了<经济学家>创刊20年来的发展历程及业绩,并对当前中国农村改革、美国金融危机对中国经济的影响等重大问题进行了研讨.这是一次贯彻十七大及十七届三中全会精神,扩大改革成果,继续创新经济理论的盛会.现将部分专家的发言整理如下,以飨读者.     

论十月革命对20世纪及当今世界产生的积极意义

尽管受到历史条件的制约,十月革命仍具有一定的历史意义。苏联的建立是十月革命的直接后果。从这个角度说,苏联在历史舞台上发挥的积极作用便是十月革命的历史意义之一。苏联的建立给20世纪乃至当今的国际政治以重大影响,具有积极意义的一面。     

20世纪中国三次经济自由主义思潮述评

19世纪末因亡国危机降临而激起的中国近代经济自由主义,在对系统性社会危机的响应和与国家干预主义及社会激进主义的论争中,分别于19世纪与20世纪之交、20中期和晚期,经历了三次潮涨潮落。显示了20世纪中国经济自由主义的演化历程,即从多种理论倾向逐渐收敛到发展中心主义的经济自由主义。     

20世纪20至30年代的中德贸易条件及价格变动趋势分析

中德贸易在中国近代对外贸易中占有十分重要的地位,本文通过对民国中期中德贸易中主要进出口商品的价格指数及其变动的系统量化分析,对中德贸易的综合贸易条件,出口个别贸易条件和进口个别贸易条件分别进行细致的统计和计算。大量的统计数据证明,中德贸易个别贸易条件中出口贸易条件有利于中国的成份居多,而进口贸易条件却在朝着不利于中国的方面发展。两相比较,出口贸易条件指数上升的速度要快于进口贸易条件指数下降的速度,就综合贸易条件而言,还是对中国有利的因素要多一些。