Interests Versus Ideology in the Ratification of the 16th and 17th Amendments

The ideology of Progressivism that peaked in the early years of the 20th century brought with it the 16th amendment, which allowed the federal government to tax incomes, and the 17th amendment, which mandated direct elections of Senators. Both were ratified in 1913. The 16th amendment provided the financing for government to expand its scope, and the 17th amendment created more democratic accountability, which both were goals of the Progressive movement. An examination of House and Senate voting on these amendments suggests that those opposed to the amendments voted against them based on interests rather than ideology.     

Territorial state capacity and elite violence from the 6th to the 19th century

We present new evidence for elite violence using regicide, the killing of kings, and investigate the role of the state in European violence between the 6th and 19th centuries. First, regicide is critically assessed as a proxy for interpersonal elite violence. Second, we propose ‘territorial state capacity’ as a measure of states being able to keep or even expand their territories. We find a negative correlation between the changes in territorial state capacity and the changes in elite violence. This could be interpreted in two ways, either that growing territorial state capacity enabled human society to reduce violence, or that a higher regicide rate resulted in lower territorial state capacity. Another possibility would be a bidirectional mechanism that resulted in a co-evolution of the two variables.     

Time-bound concepts in the catholic social teaching of the 19th and early 20th centuries

This essay has both a general and a specific purpose. Its general purpose is to pose the question: Can neoclassical economics be social economics? Its answer to this general question is: Yes, but only if it abandons its methodological soul; that is, by abandoning methodological individualism, positivism, and ahistoricism, and expressly and systematically adopting a methodological perspective which is holistic, normative, and historical. Its specific purpose is to identify and examine the major elements in the economics of one leading figure in the historical development of neoclassical economics who self-consciously attempted to combine, to paraphrase Schumpeter, a neoclassical head with a social economics heart: Alfred Marshall.     

宏观调控目标的“十一五”分析与“十二五”展望

本文旨在对我国"十一五"时期宏观经济调控目标的实现情况进行分析,对"十二五"时期的经济增长目标提出相应的政策建议和论证。全文共分四部分:首先,回顾"十一五"规划中有关宏观调控的指导原则和主要目标。其次,说明这些宏观调控目标的实现情况。再次,对"十二五"时期经济增长目标提出政策建议:在"十二五"规划中,经济增长目标的设定可有三种方法:一种是,仍沿用过去的习惯,把目标值设定得比较低;另一种是,可以设定目标区间,即以潜在经济增长率为基准的适度经济增长区间;再一种是,不是设定单一的五年固定不变的目标值,也不是笼统地设定一个目标区间,而是对未来五年中的各年设定不同的、可以反映经济波动趋势的目标值。最后,本文对这些政策建议进行具体的测算与分析。     

Great Depressions of the 20th Century

The papers in this issue study nine depressions—both from the interwar period in Europe and North America and from more recent times in Japan and Latin America—using a common framework. All of the papers rely on growth accounting to decompose changes in output into the portions due to changes in factor inputs and the portion due to the changes in efficiency with which these factors are used. All of the papers employ simple applied dynamic general equilibrium models. Collectively, these papers indicate that government policies that affect productivity and hours per working-age person are the crucial determinants of the great depressions of the 20th century. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: E32, N10, O40.     

Intergenerational Wealth Mobility in France, 19th and 20th Century

This paper examines intergenerational wealth mobility between fathers and children in France between 1848 and 1960. Considering wealth mobility in the long run requires taking into account not only positional mobility (that is, how families move within a given distribution of wealth), but also structural mobility induced by changes in the distribution of wealth. Such changes are related to two structural phenomena: in the nineteenth century, the rising number of individuals leaving no estate at death and, after World War I, the decline in the number of the very rich who could live off their wealth. The paper studies the movements between these groups and estimates the intergenerational elasticity of wealth, taking into account the persistence at the bottom and at the top.     

福建省“十一五”发展评估和“十二五”发展展望

“十一五”是福建省贯彻落实科学发展观，完善和实施海峡西岸经济区发展战略的关键时期，在省委、省政府的正确领导和全省广大干部群众的共同奋斗下，基本实现“十一五”规划预期目标已成定局。“十二五”时期是福建实现全面建设小康社会目标、加快海峡西岸经济区建设的重要时期，要求福建省必须以加快转变经济发展方式为战略导向，充分发挥自身优势’迎头赶上周边沿海发达省份。     

Tariffs and Growth in the Late 19th Century

The paper estimates the correlation between tariffs and economic growth in the late 19th century, in the context of three types of growth equation: unconditional convergence equations; conditional convergence equations; and factor accumulation models. It does so for a panel of ten countries between 1875 and 1914. Tariffs were positively correlated with growth in these countries during this period.     

19世纪以来的管理会计理论

管理会计的本质是会计和管理的有机结合,它在企业管理中起着十分重要的作用.管理会计的形成和发展受社会实践及经济理论的双重影响,本文纵观 19 世纪以来管理理论的发展过程,从而探讨不同阶段管理会计的内容及管理会计未来的发展方向.     

“五四”事件中暴力行为再反思

以火烧赵家楼、暴打章宗祥为最重要情节的“五四”事件,是一个暴力事件。至今,“五四”事件中的暴力行为仍没有得到应有的分析,政治诉求的合理性完全遮蔽了暴力行为的残忍性与犯罪特征。本文希望通过回顾“五四”事件中的暴力情节,分析不同人对暴力行动的辩护,回归一个基本常识：虽然暴力事件发生在爱国运动之中,但暴力事件与爱国运动是不同的;再崇高的目标也不能成为人身侵犯的理由;在社会常态下,纵火与伤人必须受到惩罚,否则公共生活必然陷入野蛮状态。     

对福建"十一五"以后发展走向的理性思考

在2006年3月的全国两会上,"建设海峡西岸经济区"被写入政府工作报告,纳入国家"十一五"发展规划纲要.由此,福建迎来了新一次历史性的发展机遇.但事物的发展总是前进性与曲折性相统一,在中国区域经济发展势头强劲的大背景下,总体上把握福建发展的脉络和走向,思考与探讨福建在此后一段时期内的发展趋向对发展两岸关系、整合两岸经济资源、发挥福建优势、实现区域经济社会的全面繁荣有着重要的意义.     

纪念改革开放30周年暨《经济学家》创刊20周年理论研讨会纪要

编者按:在纪念中国改革开放30周年之际,由西南财经大学、<经济学家>杂志社、新知研究院主办的"纪念改革开放30周年暨<经济学家>创刊20周年理论研讨会"在北京召开.在开幕式上,吴树青、胡代光、卫兴华、张卓元、周叔莲、赵人伟、黄范章、徐维凡等专家学者发表了热情洋溢的致辞.到会的80余位专家、学者及领导同志总结了中国改革开放30年来的新鲜经验,回顾了<经济学家>创刊20年来的发展历程及业绩,并对当前中国农村改革、美国金融危机对中国经济的影响等重大问题进行了研讨.这是一次贯彻"十七大"及"十七届三中全会"精神,扩大改革成果,继续创新经济理论的盛会.现将部分专家的发言整理如下,以飨读者.     

Money without a State: Currencies of the Orthodox Christians in the Balkan Provinces of the Ottoman Empire (17th –19th centuries)

The paper presents a historical and theoretical analysis of the issue of local currency (coins and paper money), undertaken in various forms by the Orthodox Christians in the Balkan provinces of the Ottoman Empire (XVII –XIX centuries). The paper has two main goals. The first is to enrich the discussion on the diversity and complexity of monetary practices in historical perspective by including experience of the Ottoman Empire. The second is to contribute to a better understanding and rethinking of the economic and social processes in the Ottoman Empire which helped its centuries-long resilience and vitality. In fact, the monetary architecture of the Ottoman Empire was relatively complex. Despite the tension between its different monetary areas and layers, on the whole it managed to ensure flexibility, sustainability, and efficiency in the long-run.     

中国共产党成立100周年与马克思主义政治经济学的发展和重要贡献——第十届全国马克思主义经济学论坛暨第十一届全国马克思主义经济学青年论坛综述

2021年是中国共产党成立100周年和"十四五"规划开局之年,我国将开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程.为全面总结中国共产党领导下中国经济社会发展的光辉历程,梳理马克思主义政治经济学对中国经济发展的重要贡献,坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度,进一步推动中国特色社会主义政治经济学构建和马克思主义政治经济学创新发展,第十届...     

充分认识十六大的重大意义

在新世纪召开的第一次党代表大会党的十六大的重大意义在于，这是我们党在新世纪召开的第一次代表大会。进入新世纪，国际局势发生了冷战结束以来最深刻的变化，单极与多极的矛盾、称霸与反称霸的斗争，将成为２１世纪相当一个时期内国际斗争的焦点；科学技术特别是高科技的蓬     

An econometric model of France during the 19th century

A model of the French economy in the 19th century is presented, first, to test the consistency of the national income series that are currently being developed and, second, to highlight the factors that account for the slowing down of the country's economic growth during the middle decades of that century. A few simulations of the model are also presented to give a clearer view of the structural change the economy experienced, and as an illustration of the general working of the model and its potential applications.     

Efficient government size: France in the 20th century

The benefits and costs of government suggest an efficient government size. We investigate efficient government size by analyzing the relation between public spending and real GDP for France in the period 1896–2008. The results show a co-integration nonlinear relationship. Our time-series data on France represents one of the longest periods studied in literature. Our empirical findings suggest that efficient government size measured by public spending was reached when public spending was around 30% of GDP. Conclusions point to particularities of countries that suggest efficient government size is specific to different countries.