创新资金使用结构对创新产出的影响：基于中国区域工业企业的实证研究

基于创新价值链理论,将创新产出分为中间产出和最终产出,以2011-2017年我国内地28省份工业企业为研究对象,在控制创新资金规模不变的前提下,运用随机效应模型和门槛回归模型研究创新资金使用结构对创新产出的影响机理。结果发现：自主研发资金比例与专利申请量、新产品销售收入显著正相关,技术引进和技术购买资金比例对专利申请量影响不显著,技术引进和技术购买资金比例与新产品销售收入显著正相关,技术改造资金比例与专利申请量、新产品销售收入负相关;自主研发资金比例在专利申请量、新产品销售收入之间存在显著单一门槛效应,当自主研发资金比例跨越门槛值后,其对专利申请量的促进作用减小,而对新产品销售收入的促进作用增大。该结论从创新要素结构视角拓展区域创新理论,对提升区域工业企业创新产出水平具有一定借鉴作用。     

政府科技支出如何作用于区域创新能力？——区域创新中政府与企业、市场关系的思考

考虑区域创新中政府、企业及市场间的作用,理论分析中国政府科技支出对区域创新能力的影响及作用机理,采用30个省区（因数据缺失,未包含西藏地区及港澳台地区）2008—2020年面板数据以系统GMM模型和门槛效应模型检验其影响效应及非线性关系。研究表明：政府科技支出对区域创新能力有显著的激励作用和正向滞后效应;政府科技支出对区域创新能力的作用效力受到企业创新绩效、市场化程度的单门槛效应影响,存在效力发挥的关键期。研究有助于理清区域创新中政府与企业、市场的关系,对政府资金干预区域创新的形式作出思考,提升政府科技支出效率,增强区域创新能力。     

中国的城镇化推进与区域创新——来自卫星灯光数据的经验证据

基于卫星监测的夜间灯光数据构造的夜间灯光强度表征城镇化水平及专利授权数度量区域创新能力,利用2006—2017年中国286个地级市面板数据,就城镇化水平对区域创新的影响及其作用机制进行了实证考察.实证发现:①城镇化水平显著提升了区域创新能力,且这种正向作用具有显著的空间溢出效应和区域异质性;②城镇化对区域创新的促进作用存在门槛效应,当城镇化水平跨过单一门槛值,其对区域创新的作用逐渐增强;③中介效应模型检验结果显示,城镇化推进可以通过创新要素流动与产业结构升级来提升区域创新能力.研究结论为积极稳妥推进城镇化建设、促进创新型国家建设提供政策启示.     

科技企业孵化器何以激活区域创新——风险投资与孵化基金的中介作用

完善创新生态系统、提升区域创新能力是我国科技企业孵化器建设的重要目标。基于2013-2018年中国（内地）30个省份面板数据，采用面板数据模型实证检验科技企业孵化器是否促进了区域创新能力提升，并基于中介效应模型探讨风险投资和孵化基金在其中的间接作用。结果发现：①科技企业孵化器建设显著提升了区域创新水平，但主要增加的是实用新型和外观设计专利申请授权数总量，对发明专利申请授权数并没有显著促进作用。上述结果在剔除直辖市样本、采用随机效应模型及空间计量模型的稳健性检验后依然成立；②通过中介效应模型检验发现，区域风险投资和孵化基金集聚效应是科技企业孵化器影响区域创新水平的主要机制；③科技企业孵化器对区域创新的影响在不同区域间差异较大，在东部地区的创新激励效应更加显著，而且政策工具强度对科技企业孵化器与区域创新水平的关系具有正向调节作用。     

创新要素集聚对区域协同创新的影响 ——政府控制的调节作用

利用空间计量模型和门槛面板模型,使用2008—2017年我国31个省、直辖市面板数据,实证研究创新人才要素集聚和创新资本要素集聚对区域协同创新的影响,分析政府控制的调节作用。研究发现,创新人才要素集聚和创新资本要素集聚对区域协同创新均具有显著正向影响,政府控制在其中起到正向调节作用,并且存在双重门槛,当政府控制力度低于门槛值时,调节作用非常显著,随着控制力度的增加,其调节作用逐渐减弱。     

市场化进程驱动了企业家精神吗?

基于中国1997—2014年省级面板数据,笔者采用最小二乘法、固定效应模型及系统广义矩估计法检验了市场化进程对企业家精神的驱动效应.研究表明:市场化进程对企业家精神有正向效应,考虑到内生性问题亦然;分项指标中政府与市场关系对企业家创新精神有负向效应,对企业家创业精神有正向效应,金融、 法律、 税外负担及政府干预等四大制度环境提升了市场化进程对企业家精神的正向效应;而地区腐败则逆转了该正向效应,具体体现在其与市场化进程的交互作用对企业家的创业精神具有显著的负向效应,但该交互作用对创新精神的正向效应整体而言未受影响.     

中国工业行业间R&D溢出效应研究

本文根据中国工业行业的特征,从垂直溢出效应和水平溢出效应两个维度研究了本土工业行业间研发资本要素对研发产出的溢出效应,分别以专利申请数和新产品销售收入作为研发产出的代理变量进行检验。本文把垂直溢出效应分为前向溢出和后向溢出,利用投入产出矩阵中感应度系数和影响力系数的内在涵义构造空间权重矩阵,借助空间计量经济学方法,利用中国2003—2011年间33个工业行业的时空数据,寻找行业间两个维度的研发资本要素对研发产出溢出效应的特点。研究发现,无论是采用专利授权数或是新产品销售收入作为研发活动产出的代理变量,研发物质资本投入的水平溢出效应十分显著,而垂直溢出效应呈现前向溢出不显著、后向溢出显著的非对称特征。在同样的模型框架下探索了研发人力资本对研发活动产出溢出效应,同时还考察了运用新产品销售收入作为研发活动产出的代理变量,结果发现研发人力资本投入的水平溢出和垂直溢出效应均显著,显示出一定的对称特征。本文解释了实证结果所对应可能的经济现象并以此得出相应政策建议。     

分权体制下省级市场化进程影响因素探析——基于空间面板模型的实证研究

利用空间面板模型实证检验了分权体制下省级政府推动市场化进程的因素,并将财政分权、FDI和人均GDP对市场化进程的效应分解成直接效应和间接效应。研究发现,中央政府营造了一种较好的竞争氛围,促使省级政府加快市场化进程,省级政府市场化空间溢出效应显著为正。省级财政分权和省以下财政分权对省级市场化进程的影响显著为正,地方政府为了竞争FDI有动力推动市场化改革,同时,经济发展水平越高的地区,对市场化制度需求越强。     

全球价值链嵌入对区域创新的激励效应研究

强化全球价值链嵌入的创新激励效应,是实现区域经济高质量发展、助力区域创新能力提升的重要抓手。为此,文章立足于2011—2020年中国30个省份面板数据,采用基准回归模型、面板门槛模型,实证检验全球价值链嵌入对区域创新的激励效应。结果显示：全球价值链嵌入及其分解指数均能提升区域创新能力,但激励效果存在明显差异,其中前向关联参与度的正向激励效应更为显著。在异质性层面,全球价值链嵌入对区域创新的激励效应存在明显主体、区域和城乡异质性。在非线性特征层面,全球价值链嵌入在研发人员、政府支持和技术扩散单一门槛约束下,对区域创新的激励效应呈边际递增态势;在对外开放单一门槛约束下,则呈边际递减趋势。     

OFDI逆向技术溢出对辽宁省区域创新能力影响的实证分析

文章采用省级面板数据,对相关数据进行平稳性检验和内生性检验,运用面板门槛回归方法实证检验了OFDI逆向技术溢出对辽宁省区域创新能力的影响。通过回归分析结果可知在门槛变量的最优规制区间下OFDI逆向技术溢出对区域创新能力的效果更为显著,其余变量对区域创新能力的提高均为正向影响。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。