航空维修系统工作分析

航空维修系统运行一段时间后环境会发生显著变化,将导致岗位说明书不符合现有的职责和任务,人员培训不够到位、人员编制禁锢组织的发展、绩效考核和薪酬也不能体现各岗位的实际工作水平、公司员工的士气大大下降等问题,文章指出解决动态环境变化所引发问题的办法是综合或交叉使用年度工作分析和适时工作分析;工作分析的综合方法——任务分析,在岗位设置、潜在错误的评估和防范、人员资格要求的开发、工序的开发和评估以及培训大纲的开发和评价等领域有着广泛地应用;当组织所在的环境发生动态变化时,应通过年度或适时工作分析,解决组织环境变化导致的各种制度问题。     

Artificial intelligence as a boundary-crossing object for employee engagement and performance

The study proposes AI-powered tools and applications as boundary-crossing objects to examine how AI performance can affect employees' job engagement, service and job performance. Job security is modelled as a moderator in the boundary-crossing process. Several theories including boundary crossing, goal setting and self-regulation are drawn on to posit these relationships. The study was undertaken with Australia-based full-time employees who had experience with AI-powered tools at work. The results show that AI performance had a significant effect on job engagement, and employee service performance, which were significantly related to job performance appraisal. Job engagement and service performance exhibited significant mediation effects between AI and job performance. The moderation effect exerted by job security was significant in enhancing employees’ job engagement and service performance. The study contributes to service research and human resource management literature. The findings have implications for service marketers and human resource practitioners.     

不合规任务对员工工作绩效的影响研究:一个被调节的双中介模型北大核心

基于认知—情感个性系统理论和资源保存理论构建了一个被调节的双中介模型,探讨了不合规任务对员工工作绩效的影响机制。通过对建筑行业239份领导与员工配对数据的分析发现:(1)不合规任务对员工工作绩效具有显著的负向影响;(2)工作目标进展和情绪耗竭在不合规任务与员工工作绩效间起中介作用;(3)时间管理技能不仅弱化了不合规任务与工作目标进展的负向关系,还削弱了不合规任务与情绪耗竭的正向关系;(4)时间管理技能负向调节了工作目标进展在不合规任务与员工工作绩效间的中介作用,对情绪耗竭在不合规任务与员工工作绩效间中介作用的负向调节效应不显著。本研究的结论为企业进行员工压力和任务管理,提高工作绩效提供实践指导。     

小型团队领导者工作态度量表研究

工作态度是影响工作绩效的一个重要变量,工作态度测量量表的开发在工作绩效与其前因变量关系的研究中是必不可少的。本文根据Vroom的期望理论,对工作态度及其维度进行了重新界定,试图解决工作态度与工作绩效各前因变量的独立性问题,并在此基础上开发了小型团领导者工作态度测量量表。试调数据的统计分析显示该量表具有良好的分半信度、聚合效度和区别效度,可用作小型团领导者工作绩效及其前因变量关系研究的工具。     

Implementing on‐the‐job training: critical success factors

Post Offices Inc. in The Netherlands has developed and implemented a new instruction model for the training of desk employees. The quality of the new instruction model was assessed by means of the evaluation model of Jacobs and Jones for on‐the‐job training. It is concluded that the implementation of the training model has not been completely successful. Critical success factors, such as the performance of the mentors as well as the quality of the self‐study material, have to be improved. Mentors are expected to serve as a behavioural model, to provide feedback, arrange an adequate environment for self‐study, motivate trainees for self‐study and evaluate trainees’ progress on a regular basis. This study shows that mentors must be fully convinced of the benefit of a new instructional model, if not, the implementation will not be successful. Besides, the study shows that the quality of the self‐study material depends very much on the similarity between the knowledge needed in work and the knowledge presented in the self‐study material.     

A comparison of job analytic and conventional economic variables as explanations of occupational earnings differentials

Occupational carnings are analyzed in order to determine the relative importance of micro-oriented job analytic variables vis-a-vis more conventional market variables as explanatory factors of earnings differentials. Earnings functions are constructed in order to determine the extent to which these variables can explain occupational earnings differentials. These functions are analyzed by means of both ordinary least squares and ridge regression techniques. Job analytic variables were obtained from the Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ), which measures job characteristics that are similar to many job evaluation systems. When these approaches are combined, a comprehensive model can be estimated that reflects the responsibilities, experience, training, skills, job environment, and work regularity characteristics of different occupations as well as conventional economic factors. Although the job analytic variables measure potentially important differences between jobs, the conventional economic variables have greater explanatory power.     

A model for evaluating the effectiveness of middle managers' training courses: evidence from a major banking organization in Greece

Contemporary management thinking embraces the organizational training theory that sustainable success rests, to a great extent, upon a systematic evaluation of training interventions. However, the evidence indicates that few organizations take adequate steps to assess and analyse the quality and outcomes of their training. The authors seek to develop the existing literature on training evaluation by proposing a new model, specific to management training, which might encourage more and better evaluation by practitioners. Their thesis is that training evaluation is best if it can be based on criteria derived from the objectives of the training and they draw on the management effectiveness literature to inform their proposed model. The study seeks to examine the effect of six evaluation levels – reactions, learning, job behaviour, job performance, organizational team performance and some wider, societal effects – in measuring training interventions with regard to the alterations to learning, transfer and organizational impact. The model was tested with data obtained from 190 middle managers employed by a large banking organization in Greece and the results suggest that there is considerable consistency in the evaluation framework specified. The paper discusses these results and draws conclusions about their practical implications. The study's limitations are considered and some future research needs identified.     

绩效内涵新解与考评方法选择

绩效考评是人力资源管理的重要内容,是员工激励和开发的基础,明确绩效的内涵以及选择适当的考评方法是提高绩效考评有效性的前提。本文结合工作的基本特点,集中对绩效的内涵进行深度解析,并总结了绩效考评方法选择的基本理论,提出了工作类型-考评方法的匹配关系,并在此基础上探讨考评方法的选择,以期厘清认识,增强绩效考评的有效性。     

高新技术企业员工工作压力与工作满意度关系研究

工作压力和员工满意感是衡量人们工作状态的两个重要指标,它们与组织绩效有着密切的联系,越来越受到人们的关注。对高新技术企业员工工作压力和工作满意度的关系进行研究对于企业从人力资源管理角度帮助员工有效应对和减轻压力,关注员工的健康发展,降低员工流动率从而促进企业的发展至关重要。     

Reflection as a facilitator of teachers' innovative work behaviour

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of reflection as a preparatory mechanism for employees' engagement in innovative work behaviour (IWB). This issue was explored in a study with 67 teachers at the highest level of German secondary education. Specifically, we investigated whether teachers who reflected on work tasks, the social context and their work performance were more engaged in the exploration of opportunities for innovation as well as the generation, promotion and realization of innovative ideas. By applying path modelling, we found that work‐related reflection facilitated all dimensions of IWB. Teachers' IWB most strongly depended on their performance‐related reflection. Also, reflecting on work tasks and the social context affected teachers' IWB indirectly by benefitting their performance‐related reflection. As a consequence, reflection should be valued as a resource for innovation and professional development as well as a vital component of work routines, organizational cultures and job training.     

胜任素质在职务分析中的应用

职务分析是企业人力资源管理实践活动的基础,随着企业所处内外环境的变化,传统的职务分析方法出现许多弊端,将胜任素质应用于职务分析,是基于胜任素质对工作结果的影响。企业可以建立基于胜任素质的职务分析,来促进企业人力资源开发与管理实践的发展。     

Changing a Culture: Evaluation of a Leadership Development Program at Mellon Financial Services

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an internally developed and delivered Leadership Development program conducted at Mellon Financial Services. The 9‐month program integrated action learning/action science strategies into 13 modules. Program effectiveness was measured using instruments and statistics that already existed in the organisation—employee satisfaction surveys, annual employee turnover statistics, and regional scorecard results. In addition, the training participants completed midpoint and end‐of‐training feedback forms. Results of the evaluation showed that the impact of the training transferred to the participants’ job performance through increased job satisfaction, decreased turnover, and improved scorecard statistics.     

Workplace Flexibility Practices in SMEs: Relationship with Performance via Redundancies,Absenteeism, and Financial Turnover

This workplace flexibility study uses primary data on private sector small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in Lancashire, United Kingdom, collected in 2009 during the recent “credit crunch” recession. Key features include: (1) objective measures of SME performance; (2) a focus on the previously relatively neglected relationship between workplace flexibility practices (WFPs) and three SME performance indicators, namely, redundancies, absenteeism, and financial turnover; and (3) a timely contribution to research on SMEs. Numerical, functional, and cost WFPs analyses, via zero‐inflated Poisson and linear regressions, control for SME and market characteristics. Despite SMEs having limited resources, the results show a significant section of SMEs to be innovative and entrepreneurial organizations, embracing advancements in employment relations regarding employee discretion, training, participative working arrangements, and/or job security. Moreover, results indicate that WFPs have the potential to assist SMEs in responding to periods of constrained demand. Flexitime and job sharing are associated with low permanent‐employee redundancies. Training, job security, and family‐friendly practices relate to low absenteeism with reductions of up to six annual days per worker. Job security and profit‐related pay are associated with high financial turnover. Staff pay‐freeze links with high financial turnover, but to the detriment of redundancies and absenteeism, whereas management pay‐cuts or management pay‐freeze relate to low financial turnover. On a cautionary note, spending cuts, often enforced by policymakers, may be of limited benefit to SMEs, and thus other approaches would appear more fruitful.     

虚拟商业社会环境平台下财务管理跨专业综合实践教学研究

为适应企业招聘侧重于既懂理论又有实践基础的人才的需要,高校在财务管理专业人才培养过程中,既要重视理论教学,又要拓宽学生跨专业综合技能培养。但目前,在实践教学中综合性和设计性内容缺乏,缺少应变能力的训练,实践教学与岗位结合不紧密。通过"虚拟商业社会环境VBSE实训平台"的实践教学,对于培养学生的全局意识和综合职业素养,提升学生岗位技能,尽快适应工作岗位具有重要促进作用。虚拟商业社会环境平台下财务管理跨专业综合实践教学体系建设包括财务管理专业综合实践主要实训内容,财务管理专业跨专业综合实践教学系统构建,以及实践教学设计,还包含着教学效果考核、实践教材选用、实践师资培养等诸多方面。     

硕士研究生的人力资本与求职行为对求职结果的影响机制研究

基于问卷调查所得数据,采用spss 17.0软件进行分析,研究人力资本和求职行为对硕士研究生求职结果的影响。从教育和工作两个方面将人力资本划分为专业知识、学术能力、英语水平、校园学生工作和工作实习五个维度,求职行为分为频率和强度两个维度。分析结果表明,人力资本和求职行为对硕士研究生求职结果即就业机会和就业质量都有显著预测作用。     

Modeling Job Pursuit Intention: Moderating Mechanisms of Socio-Environmental Consciousness

Many scholars have suggested the relationship between corporate social performance and its ability to attract a large number of high-quality job applicants, because previous literature indicates that employees with strong social awareness help create a high-performance organization. For that reason, an important issue for successful business recruitment is how to boost the pursuit intention of job seekers. This study discusses such issue by proposing a model based on signaling theory and cognitive dissonance theory. In the proposed model of this study, the positive relationships between four dimensions of corporate social performance and job pursuit intention are hypothetically moderated by socio-environmental consciousness. The proposed hypotheses of this research were empirically tested using the data from graduating students seeking a job. The empirical findings of this study complement previous literature by discussing how corporate social performance benefits business firms from a perspective of strengthened human resources and recruitment. Finally, managerial implications for business managers based on the findings herein are provided.     

International competitiveness,job creation and job destruction—An establishment-level study of German job flows

This study investigates the impact of international competitiveness on net employment, job creation, job destruction, and gross job flows for a representative sample of German establishments from 1993 to 2005. We find a statistically significant but economically small effect of real exchange rate shocks on employment, comparable to the one found in studies for the United States. However, contrary to the United States, the employment adjustment (among surviving firms) operates mainly through the job creation rather than the job destruction rate. Job destruction occurs essentially through discrete events such as restructuring, outsourcing and bankruptcy. We suggest that these findings are consistent with a highly regulated labor market, in which smooth adjustment is costly and possibly delayed.     

论电子商务企业员工培训管理体系的构建

构建有效的培训管理体系是电子商务企业解决人才紧缺问题的重要手段。电子商务企业培训具有培训对象复杂、培训知识跨度大和培训内容更新快的特点。电子商务企业应通过引导员工辨识自我培训需求、切实做好培训需求分析、制定合理的员工培训计划、严格执行培训评估。采取有效措施促进培训效果转化和成立培训管理监督办公室等手段来构建有效的培训管理体系。     

破解就业难题——我国企业实行工作分享制的可行性探讨

我国的劳动力过剩问题突出,就业形势严峻,解决就业问题成为了政府工作的一个重点。工作分享制是解决劳动力过剩问题的有效途径,如能在我国企业广泛实行工作分享制,必将很大程度上缓解就业压力。但工作分享制是否能在我国企业广泛实行,是解决就业问题的重要研究内容。