主辅分离是电企改革推进器

自2002 年国务院批准《电力体制改革方案》以来,电力体制改革预示着实质性启动。按照该方案要求,“十五”期间要做到“实施厂网分开、重组发电和电网企业,实行竞价上网,建立电力市场运行规则和政府监管体系,初步建立竞争、开放的区域电力市场”。但从实际效果来看,目前只初步达到了“厂网分开,重组发电与电网企业”,而其他成果基本没有实现,改革进程一延再延,改革并没有达到预期的效果。     

建立安徽电力发电侧市场的研究

网厂分开 ,竞价上网是建立发电侧电力市场的两大内容。网厂分开是构建发电侧市场主体的核心 ,竞价上网是电力市场的运营规则。本文的“差价合约”竞价模式 ,具有明显的过渡特色。借助发电侧市场划分为期货、现货两部分 ,即考虑历史的延续性 ,又引入市场竞争机制 ,渐进地构筑电     

电力体制改革方案确定

厂网分开，竞价上网；打破垄断，引入竞争，我国电力体制改革将迈出重大步伐。电力体制改革方案已经得到国务院批准，开始进入实施阶段。根据这一方案，我国电力体制将实施厂网分开，重组发电和电网企业；实行竞价上网，建立电力市场运行规则和政府监管体系，初步建立竞争、开放的区域电力市场，实行新的电价机制；制定发电排放的环境折价标准，形成激励清洁电源发展的新机制；开展发电企业向大用户直接供电的试点工作，改变电网企业独家购买电力的格局；继续推进农村电力管理体制的改革。国家计委有关负责人解释说，厂网分开，主要指将国家…     

我国电力行业改革模式刍议——基于SCP范式的实证分析

电力产业是国民经济和社会发展的基础产业之一,"十五"期间,我国电力体制改革取得一定进展,政企分开、厂网分开基本实现,但是,电力体制改革所取得的成果只是阶段性的,改革任务尚未全部完成.文章从我国实际国情出发,基于产业组织理论的SCP分析框架分析电力这一传统的自然垄断产业的特征及其效率问题,并借鉴英国电力改革的成功经验,提出政府管制的必要及具体措施,为我国电力产业改革提供符合我国国情的几点建议.     

推进和深化我国电力市场化改革

我国电力产业已经基本完成厂网分开的产业重组，市场化改革迈出了关键性的一步。不过，电力产业的特殊性质决定了电力市场化改革只能是一个渐进的过程，当前面对的改革任务仍然非常艰巨。我们可从推进电力产业政府管理体制改革、将电力产业的重组与改革紧密结合、积极推进电价改革、实现输电网络的互联互通等方面着手，继续推进和深化我国电力市场化改革，培育有效竞争。     

国外电力改革对我国电力零售市场建设的启示

我国电力市场改革已经走出了第一步：厂网分开,实现了发电侧的竞争。但是真正完善的市场,还必须在售电侧引入竞争,才能实现电力市场化改革的目的。因此,我们要及时建立起竞争性的电力零售市场,通过零售竞争,获得全面、充分的经济效益。文章主要对英国、美国和北欧等电力产业改革比较典型的国家和地区的改革进行系统阐述,通过对他们的经验教训进行总结,为我国进一步构建完整的竞争性电力零售市场提供有益的借鉴。     

谁来分切电力投资大蛋糕

电力改革浮出水面2002年10月29日,深圳市广深沙角B电力有限公司35.23%出资权益公开拍卖,这宗全国首例电力股权拍卖成交价14亿元,比早前的估价整整高出50%以上,也标志着电力资产重组改革迈出了成功的一步。有关分析人士指出,由于国内电力行业一直身处垄断特殊地位,电力企业的效益一直处在各行业的前列,很多投资买家对此垂涎已久。但是,较之电信、民航等垄断行业的拆分重组,电力改革是“起个大早,却赶个晚集”。早在1998年8月,国家电力公司就抛出了“政企分开,省为实体”和“厂网分开,竞价上网”为内容的改革方案。此后,“厂网分开,竞价上网…     

输配分离：棋动一着，全盘皆活

《关于“十一五”深化电力体制改革的实施意见》中指出：“十一五”期间要巩固厂网分开成果,加快电力市场建设步伐,实行输配电业务内部财务独立核算,进行输配分开试点,全面推进电价改革,初步建立有利于促进电网健康发展的输配电价格机制。可见,研究输配分离是当前我国深化电力市场改革研究的重要课题。     

关于电力营销管理创新策略的探讨

随着中国经济的飞速发展，电力企业的改革也不断深入，国家采用“厂网分开”、鼓励民营企业办厂等方式提高电力企业开放力度，电力产品由皇帝的女儿不愁嫁转变成促销经营的方式，本文对电力营销管理策略进行探讨，研究新的电力营销管理策略。     

电改遇到新困境——投资审批和价格形成是症结？

去年夏天，电力供应出现瓶颈；今年以来，包括电力在内的能源对中国经济发展的制约愈演愈烈。富有意味的是，这一切恰恰产生于以“厂网分开、竞价上网”为主要内容的电力体制改革的大背景之下电力体制改革正在破解电力产业的一系列重大难题，但旧体制的路径依赖与新制度的不确定性都使情况变得复杂。     

The impacts of market power on power grid efficiency: Evidence from China

Since 1980s, China has experienced a series of reforms to support the development of electricity industry, and the latest one is in 2015. The essence of this new reform is to improve efficiency and lower energy cost. However, China's electricity market has its particularity. The “provinces as entities” is the main regulation frame in China's electricity sector. The operation of the electricity industry can be seen as a game result and interest compromise between the local government and grid companies, and this “win-win exchange” regulation failure leads to grid market power. The profit mode of the grid enterprises will be gradually changed with the deepening of new electricity reform. How to regulate electricity transmission and distribution sector and improve grid efficiency becomes a crucial problem to address. This paper aims to examine the relationship between market power and power grid efficiency. We calculate the unconditional and conditional efficiency of grid companies by applying a conditional slack-based measure (SBM) model. The empirical results show that grid efficiency is at a low level and the indicators differ among provinces and regions. Moreover, market power indeed has significant negative effects on power grid efficiency. These findings provide some insightful references for the future development of China's power industry and electricity reform.     

基于AHP—模糊综合评价法的用电企业信用评价

供电公司面临用电企业失信带来的经营风险,规避用电企业信用风险是电力市场中用电行为分析的一个重要内容,也是供电公司保证企业经营效益的重要前提条件,本文在分析了对用电企业的信用进行评价应考虑的主要因素的基础上,建立了一套适用于对用电企业信用进行评价的AHP-模糊综合评价体系,并进行了实例验证。结果表明,经AHP-模糊综合评价法得到的用电企业的信用等级与实际基本符合。     

关于新疆发展风电产业的思考

风能是一种取之不尽、用之不竭的无污染的可再生能源,其利用方式主要是发电,相对于火电、核电而言,风电具有无污染、成本低、可持续利用等优点。新疆风能资源丰富,被中央列为风电的重点推广地区,而且已建成亚洲最大的风力发电场,发电能力可观。文章在分析加快新疆发展风电产业的必要性和可行性的基础上,对新疆发展风电产业存在的困境及其产生的原因进行了探讨,并对加快新疆风电产业的发展提出了一系列的建议。     

竞争性电力市场态势与走向:由四个新兴市场国家生发

竞争性电力市场既是完整的现代市场体系,又是一整套现代化的经济管制制度。电力市场化改革的目标是使得电力像一般商品一样在市场竞争中形成价格,电力系统的技术特性与商品交易的经济特性紧密结合,能够解释电价市场形成的深层次机理。低碳经济时代迫近,我国政府应按照选准市场模式、夯实市场体系、破除垄断利益、理顺竞争与监管关系的思路进一步推进电力市场化改革。     

Efficiency vs. equity as China's national carbon market meets provincial electricity markets

Emissions reduction in the electricity sector is critical in achieving China's carbon neutrality target. While a national carbon trading market that covers the electricity sector has been established, its effectiveness depends on how this sector evolves into being a more integrated market. This study evaluated the impact of China's electricity market integration on the cost-effectiveness of carbon pricing. An integrated (regional electricity market) and a segmented (provincial electricity market) market scenario were used to identify possible reform paths going forward. Using high-frequency datasets of the five southern provinces in 2018, we assessed the impact of electricity market integration on the abatement potential and cost-effectiveness of carbon pricing. We found that carbon prices need to be as high as 200 yuan/ton to begin achieving overall carbon reduction. In this context, the regional market is more cost-effective in reducing emissions than the provincial one, as the abatement costs are saved by around 60% compared to the latter under the same emission reduction targets. However, the regional market may also raise potential equity issues. The provincial-level distribution of carbon emission reductions, as well as the withdrawal of coal power, are more concentrated in the regional market than in the provincial one, which indicates an inequitable social-economic-environmental impacts of market integration. Our research findings would help to improve policymakers' understanding of the interaction between carbon pricing and electricity market reforms. This would then assist them in coordinating an effective design of both the carbon and electricity markets, in addition to supporting China's carbon neutrality target.     

The establishment of the danish windmill industry—Was it worthwhile?

The paper examines the welfare effects of the Danish subsidies granted for the electricity production from wind power. This policy has induced a remarkable development of the Danish windmill industry resulting in a dominant position on the world market. The article demonstrates a strong learning-by-doing productivity growth in the Danish windmill industry and it analyzes the costs and benefits of this infant industry case. The costs consist of the efficiency loss from diverting electricity production from using fossil fuels to utilizing wind power. Benefits are the reductions in the environmental damage of using fossil fuels, however, the main benefits are related to the emergence of a new export sector. As the value of the windmill firms at the stock exchange by far exceeds that of the accumulated distorted losses in electricity production, this case demonstrates a successful infant industry strategy. JEL no. D2, L5, L6     

Deregulation or Governmental Intervention？ A Counterfactual Perspective on China＇s Electricity Market Reform

The long-standing severe power shortage in China has provoked much debate on whether China should further promote market-oriented electricity reform. The present paper addresses this issue by analyzing the impacts of deregulation of the electricity generation sector and retailing activities on other sectors, the macroeconomy and electricity users. A countetfactual scenario analysis is used based on a simplified computable general equilibrium framework. We find that deregulation can significantly improve the efficiency of electricity production, increase employment and enhance household welfare. These nontrivial findings can help to resolve many controversies about governmental intervention during China＇s economic transition. Our findings have two implications relating to policy feasibility and applicability; that is, competition in the electricity retail market shouM be phased in, and the necessary arrangements for unemployment in incumbent firms shouM be considered.     

基于电解水制氢和生物质电厂的电与甲醇联产系统

随着各国二氧化碳排放,温室气体猛增,中国提出碳达峰和碳中和目标。新能源的利用是解决环境和能源问题、降低碳排放的最有效的方法。氢能是未来能源发展的重要方向。为此,提出一种基于电解水制氢和生物质电厂的电与甲醇联产系统,通过电解水技术制取氢气和氧气,氧气用于生物质富氧燃烧电厂发电,而电厂产生的富含二氧化碳的尾气用于与氢气合成甲醇。使用Aspen对该系统进行仿真计算的结果显示,该系统年产甲醇26674 t,综合能量效率可达51.98%,氢到甲醇的转化效率为59.84%,动态回收周期为3.47年。此系统在生产电力及甲醇的同时,实现了碳的近零排放,可为中国的氢能利用技术的发展提供一定的参考。     

发电企业竞价上网的经济分析及风险控制

随着电力市场化的逐步推进,发电企业在新的竞争环境下生存和发展,是电力市场化改革中应该考虑的问题。文章通过对竞价上网运作模式的分析,从发电企业内部／外部运作进行经济性分析。考虑了发电企业的生产成本与竞价上网的收益所得,做出盈亏平衡分析,并以边际定价法进行企业利润最大化分析,以此来说明发电企业如何在竞价上网中做出有效的经济行为,由此引申出发电企业与电网公司在竞价上网的报价环节中的不确定性,应以博弈的思维做出决策以达到经济效益的优化;考虑了电力市场价格波动因素,发电企业在与大用电企业交易中的价格风险,引进电力期货市场的知识以规避风险,以使企业在竞价上网的运作过程中稳步发展。