中国游客博彩消费行为意向及其影响因素 ——基于MGB理论的实证检验

近年来,中国出境游游客参与博彩消费行为的现象日趋普遍,但对于中国游客博彩消费行为的理论研究却极为匮乏.该研究将目标导向行为模型引入中国游客的博彩消费行为研究领域,建立游客博彩消费行为意向影响因素模型,以到澳门旅游时参与博彩活动的中国内地游客为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方法获取270份有效问卷,并采用结构方程方法对游客博彩消费行为意向的理论模型进行了实证检验.研究结论显示,游客的博彩消费态度、博彩消费的正向预期情绪、博彩消费的感知行为控制以及游客过去的博彩行为对其博彩欲望有着显著的正向影响,而博彩欲望会进一步正向影响游客的博彩行为意向.同时,游客的感知行为控制对其博彩行为意向亦有着直接的正向影响.但是,游客的博彩主观规范、负向预期情绪对于博彩欲望的影响并不显著.该文的研究对于检视目标导向行为模型在旅游消费者行为研究领域的适用性,以及丰富和发展博彩消费者行为理论文献都有着重要的价值和意义.     

城市特征对城市游客满意度的影响——基于Probit模型的定量分析

游客满意度是衡量城市旅游发展的重要指标之一,掌握和控制游客满意度的影响因素对城市旅游发展和管理越来越关键。国内外研究综述表明,城市旅游的游客满意度影响因素及其关系的定量研究尚不多见,尤其对城市特征因素的研究。城市特征是城市旅游的必要组成,作为客观因素对游客满意度的影响不言而喻。文章运用文献分析法、问卷调查法和二元Probit离散选择模型计量法,以长沙市477名游客的现场调查数据为基础,对城市特征、个人特征和旅游动机三大变量下10个影响因素与游客满意度之间的假设关系进行检验。研究结果显示,修正后的游客满意度影响因素Probit模型具有统计学意义,6个研究假设得到验证;研究结论表明,城市社会发展水平、城市绿化水平、环境保护水平、旅游资源丰富程度、游客月收入、游客是否主动到访等因素对城市旅游的游客满意度产生显著的正面影响,其中,游客主动到访因素对游客满意度的影响作用最大,城市社会发展水平影响作用最小。研究结论一定程度上有利于促使城市管理者更多关注城市发展与旅游质量,最后,从满意度改善系统、城市要素建设、城市旅游资源开发和游客营销引导等方面提出政策建议。     

游客游后行为倾向前因实证研究——以青岛国内休闲游客为例

消费者行为倾向的前因研究一直都是西方消费行为研究中非常活跃的领域.国外学者对游客游后行为倾向的影响因素也进行了分析和探讨,但目前国内未见对该问题的研究.本文借鉴消费者行为倾向的相关理论和国外游客游后行为倾向的研究成果,以青岛国内休闲游客为实证研究对象,探讨影响游客游后行为倾向的因素.研究结果表明,旅游动机和游客满意对游客的行为倾向具有显著的正向影响,且旅游动机对行为倾向的影响大于游客满意对行为倾向的影响.感知价值虽然对游客的行为倾向有正向影响,但并不显著.     

基于单纯感知模型的游客满意度研究

如何创建令游客满意的旅游地,是旅游学者、旅游地政府和旅游从业者研究旅游地竞争力的主要目标和任务.已有研究验证了单纯感知模型要比期望差异模型更适合于游客总体满意度的测量.本文以九寨沟和庐山为例,应用独立样本t检验比较了两地游客感知之间的差异,两地逐步回归模型发现,游客总体满意度是由诸多因素共同影响的,并且不同旅游地游客总体满意度的影响因素不同.两地游客总体满意度与忠诚度之间都存在着显著的相关关系,但游客的推荐行为比重游行为对旅游地有着更为重要的意义.     

旅游公共服务质量的提升:游客导向和创新导向的驱动作用

在将旅游业发展成为国民经济的战略性支柱产业和人民群众更加满意的现代服务业的过程中,旅游公共服务发挥着重要作用。对于政府管理部门内部有哪些因素会促进旅游公共服务质量的提升,学术界鲜有实证研究。本文从旅游行政管理部门的角度出发,构建了游客导向、创新导向、跨部门协调对旅游公共服务质量的影响模型。对广东省32个主要客源市场的旅游行政管理部门的309位工作人员进行了问卷调查,探讨旅游公共服务质量提升的驱动因素。结构方程模型结果显示,游客导向、创新导向和跨部门协调都有助于旅游公共服务质量的提升,跨部门协调中介游客导向对旅游公共服务质量的影响。本文在理论上弥补了旅游公共服务质量前因研究的空白,对旅游行政管理部门如何更好地提升旅游公共服务质量具有借鉴意义。     

基于地方情感的旅游目的地选择模型建构研究

旅游目的地选择模型建构的研究多数以微观经济学、认知心理学与市场营销学等为基础理论,较少从个体与地方感情连结的视角探讨游客旅游目的地选择决策行为。文章以旅游目的地选择为研究主轴概念,结合地方情感概念中的旅游目的地意象和地方依恋,根据研究文献梳理结果、基础理论界定模型建构的路径变量与逻辑框架,进而提出基于地方情感的旅游目的地选择模型及模型过程步骤。文章建构模型表明,游客旅游目的地选择始于旅游目的地意象的形成,随着整体认知意象的深化,游客对旅游目的地将产生地方认同感,再通过选择决策行为选择意向的旅游目的地从事旅游活动,通过对旅游目的地旅游体验的功能满足产生依赖感,最终形成对旅游目的地的地方依恋感。研究成果对于旅游目的地选择具有交叉研究的创新价值,对于旅游目的地市场战略规划实践活动而言具有参照价值。     

旅游移动商务游客接受实证研究——基于对桂林游客的调查

本文在理论分析和对典型游客访谈的基础上构建了旅游移动商务的游客接受模型,并通过实证调查的方法对接受模型进行了验证.研究发现,认知的有用性、认知的易用性、游客自我感知和游客风险感知都是影响游客接受旅游移动商务服务的重要因素,情景感知仅仅通过显著正向影响游客的认知易用性而影响游客使用意愿,风险感知则直接显著正向影响游客对旅游移动商务的使用意愿,而游客自我感知对游客的认知有用性和游客使用意愿都影响显著.最后,根据实证总结了研究结论,并对我国旅游移动商务发展提出相应的建议.     

基于游客特性的旅游目的地离散选择实证研究——以三大口岸中转型入境游客为例

旅游目的地选择一直是旅游管理研究的核心命题之一,整个选择过程是系统分量(目的地属性)和随机分量(游客特性)共同作用的结果.本文以2008年5-6月在北京、上海、广州等三大航空枢纽口岸采集到的第一手意愿性数据为基础,构建了一个二项Logistic离散选择回归模型,系统分析了影响入境游客西向扩散的影响因素,认为游客的职业、旅华时间、家庭结构、旅游方式、结伴方式、旅游动机、旅华花费、入境口岸、受到尊重等特性显著影响其西扩的概率.同时,该模型具有较好的预测功能,准确丰达到72.5%,对于我国区域旅游联合,特别是西部地区开拓国际客源市场具有重要指导意义.     

基于出游动机的游客目的地选择的离散选择模型研究

旅游目的地选择是游客选择行为研究中研究较为广泛的领域之一.现有文献利用了社会、经济、地理等诸多模型和理论对目的地选择进行了研究和探讨.基于随机效用最大化的离散选择模型在游客目的地选择研究中有广泛的应用,但是缺乏属性交互项对于目的地选择的抑制或者激励作用的研究.本文利用2002年江苏省国内游客抽样调查原始资料数据这一选择完成式类型的数据构建了两个二项Logistic回归模型,讨论了寻求闲适安静环境、探亲访友、公务出游3种出游动机对于出游距离以及旅行花费的影响.研究发现寻求闲适安静环境出游动机的游客倾向于选择远距离的目的地,且这类游客也愿意增加旅行花费;出于探亲访友这一动机出游的游客则更愿意选择靠近自己居所的旅游目的地,且不倾向于增加自身的旅行花费;公务出游的游客倾向于选择远距离目的地,也倾向于增加他们的旅行花费.     

基于AHP方法的旅游景点评价模型研究

<正>游客在选择旅游目的地时会综合考虑旅游景区的各种因素，如景色、吃住、价格、人文等，以获得更好的旅游体验。每个人对旅游目的地的选择倾向各不相同，基于此，文章调查了不同类型游客在选择旅游目的地时关注的因素，借助层次分析法对旅游景区进行综合评价，以期为游客理性规划旅游方案提供合理的建议与依据，同时也为景区建设及服务提供参考。     

Destination selection by smart tourists: the case of Isfahan,Iran

The paper is concerned with tourist behavior when selecting a tourist destination to visit in the age of smart tourism associated with modern information communication technologies. The theory of planned behavior is applied in a study of the issues with particular reference to Isfahan which is a very popular tourist center in Iran and one where technological innovations are being introduced to facilitate tourism. Results reveal that tourist attitude significantly and directly affects intention to travel to a smart destination while behavioral control does not have such an effect. Tourist beliefs and subjective norms are additionally found to positively influence visit intention and destination selection. Smartness emerges as an important force in shaping demand, to which the tourism industry must be responsive and attempt to ensure suitable provision. The research enhances knowledge and understanding of these aspects of the smart tourism phenomenon, the literature about which is still relatively limited, and further work is recommended.     

旅游企业社会责任对目的地形象及游客忠诚的影响研究

在旅游市场竞争日趋激烈的背景下,由旅游企业经营所引发的社会责任问题受到广泛关注,但学界关于旅游企业社会责任的影响研究还不够系统和深入.文章将旅游企业社会责任划分为6个方面,将目的地形象划分为认知形象和情感形象两个方面,并构建了旅游企业社会责任对目的地形象及游客忠诚的影响模型.实证研究表明,旅游企业社会责任在目的地形象及游客忠诚形成中发挥非常重要的作用,其中,经济责任、环境责任、游客责任、员工责任和法律责任对认知形象有正向影响,游客责任、员工责任和慈善责任对情感形象有正向影响;认知形象和情感形象不仅对游客忠诚产生直接影响,而且通过游客满意对游客忠诚产生间接作用.相比认知形象,情感形象对游客满意和忠诚的影响作用更大.     

Are tourists rational or irrational consumers?

The purpose of the study is to identify whether applying assumptions of consumer behavior in economics or marketing in the tourism context is validated. Therefore, this study investigated whether tourists, as subjects of consumption at a tourism destination, are rational. Also, additional work was performed to identify the determinants in rationality of tourists. Survey research through the three steps of instrument development has been conducted for those who visited the Jeju Island, South Korea. The adequate sample size of 280 pairs was employed for statistical analyses such as a multiple regression analysis. As a result, the study concluded that an application of the assumptions of consumer behavior in economics or marketing to decision-making of tourists’ consumption was inappropriate because the propensity of tourist expenditure at a tourism destination was evidenced as both rational and irrational. More discussion and implications were provided.     

对旅游产业生态过程的研究

本文在传统的旅游划分基础上进行功能和价值的扩展研究，对旅游的主要过程-旅游产业的生态内涵进行阐述，并阐明了生态效应如何构建新的环境行为，区别了旅游产业生态与生态旅游产业二者的概念，运用功用主义和伦理学思想建立与经济产业说相关的关系结构，在此基础上运用社会生态学观点探讨了旅游产业生态过程对社会进程的功用。     

How virtual reality influences travel intentions: The role of mental imagery and happiness forecasting

Virtual reality can influence consumer behavior in powerful ways, but in the domain of tourism marketing, less is known about the psychological process. One possibility is that VR has stronger impact on mental imagery than traditional channels, creating vivid simulations of what it would be like to visit destinations. This process might create hedonic expectations of future happiness, which should increase the willingness to actually seek out the destination in real life. The results from a laboratory experiment provided support to this hypothesis. Participants were randomly assigned to view a nature destination either in traditional still images or virtual reality, and then reported their initial responses before making an actual consumer choice. VR exposure led to higher levels of mental imagery and happiness predictions, which in turn was associated with stronger travel intentions and purchasing decisions. However, VR effects on consumer choice were moderated by previous experience with the destination.     

熟悉度对旅游形象感知行为影响研究——以重庆市民对上海旅游形象感知为例

潜在游客对目的地旅游形象的感知是旅游目的地选择行为的开始,而旅游形象的感知又来源于对该旅游地的认识,也就是通过各种信息"熟悉"该旅游目的地.本文根据前人研究结果提出了以熟悉度作为前因变量,认知形象与情感形象为中介变量的旅游形象感知行为模型,并以重庆市民对上海旅游形象感知为例进行了实证研究.研究表明:在本文的旅游形象感知行为模型中,对于旅游意向影响最大的因素是熟悉度,它通过4条路径对旅游意向产生间接和直接影响,其总影响效果达到了0.591;其次为认知形象和情感形象,它们对旅游意向的总影响效果分别为0.546和0.378.     

The role of authenticity in forming slow tourists' intentions: Developing an extended model of goal-directed behavior

Despite the rapid growth in the slow tourism industry, research on slow tourists' behavior is rare. This study develops an extended model of goal-directed behavior to more comprehensively explain the formation of tourists' intentions to visit a slow tourism destination. Specifically, the extended model incorporates the critical constructs (i.e., perception of authenticity, knowledge, and information search behavior) into the original model of goal-directed behavior (MGB). The results of an on-site survey (N = 387) revealed that the model provides a satisfactory fit with the data and explains greater amounts of variance in behavioral intention. Three authenticity-related variables formed positive and significant causal relationships with the constructs in the extended model of goal-directed behavior. All the constructs in the original MGB were significant predictors of both desire and intention. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

Consumerism in Sustainable Tourism: A Survey of UK Consumers

This article presents the results of a survey of tourism consumers from the Destinations Travel Show in the UK in 2000. Four hundred and eleven tourism consumers were interviewed over four days at the show on the type of information that they used in the selection of their holiday destination. This article posits that the power of the consumer can be a major force for progress towards greater sustainability by the tourism industry, acting as a rationale for change, which is often missing from more traditional planning, management or regulatory techniques. The research shows consumers are already making decisions based on environmental, social and economic quality for day-to-day products and are keen to transfer these habits to the purchase of tourism products. Recommendations are made, highlighting the need for the tourism industry to capitalise on this demand for a wider range of product information and so promote moves towards greater levels of sustainability in the industry.     

Consumer Insights and the Importance of Competitiveness Factors for Mature and Developing Destinations

This article aims to understand the importance of various destination attributes to the competitiveness of tourism destinations from a consumer perspective, while at the same time contrasting these in a mature versus developing destination. A sample of Australian-based domestic tourists were surveyed to assess the relative importance of tourism destination competitiveness (TDC) attributes in the context of developing and mature destinations. This research firstly appears to verify that the importance of many TDC elements, highlighted by consumers, is not dissimilar from other stakeholder-based TDC studies. Furthermore, this research effort established that in terms of attribute performance, relative destination immaturity may well constrain a developing destination’s ability to satisfy the needs of consumers.