企业集团财务风险管控方式探讨

随着国内改革开放的深入,经济活动日渐活跃,企业集团不断增加,尤其近年各行各业竞争激烈,通过国内外并购、“海外走出去”等战略的实施,“龙头”企业突出,行业集中度越来越高,跨区域乃至跨国的大型集团化企业越来越多。在集团化企业中,多种经营化的程度高,经营重点是产权经营,一般在总部层面都采取财务管控模式或财务管控加战略管控的模式。而在中国,原来的传统财务一般都是采取“一支笔”审核或事后审计等落后或单一的财务管控方式,如何建立控制有效而又不失效率的财务风险管理模式以适应和支撑企业集团化战略发展,已成为当前企业集团管理的重中之重。     

企业集团财务风险管控方式探讨

随着国内改革开放的深入,经济活动日渐活跃,企业集团不断增加,尤其近年各行各业竞争激烈,通过国内外并购、"海外走出去"等战略的实施,"龙头"企业突出,行业集中度越来越高,跨区域乃至跨国的大型集团化企业越来越多。在集团化企业中,多种经营化的程度高,经营重点是产权经营,一般在总部层面都采取财务管控模式或财务管控加战略管控的模式。而在中国,原来的传统财务一般都是采取"一支笔"审核或事后审计等落后或单一的财务管控方式,如何建立控制有效而又不失效率的财务风险管理模式以适应和支撑企业集团化战略发展,已成为当前企业集团管理的重中之重。     

湖南高新技术产业发展战略选择

基地化带动战略、长株潭“增长极”带动战略、民营高科技集团化战略、开放开发带动战略是适合湖南省情、带动湖南高新技术产业快速发展的基本战略。     

从经济学视角谈集团财务管控

随着我国经济环境的日益改善和不断健康发展,许多企业都朝着集团化经营的方向发展,这要求企业的发展战略要能与企业规模相适应,以避免由内部机制不完善所带来的一系列矛盾和问题,而在企业集团的发展战略中,财务管控是非常重要的一环。本文从经济学的角度来谈谈集团财务管控的必要性及实践过程中需关注的问题,以厘清思路,并期待能对实际工作有所帮助。     

从经济学视角谈集团财务管控

随着我国经济环境的日益改善和不断健康发展，许多企业都朝着集团化经营的方向发展，这要求企业的发展战略要能与企业规模相适应，以避免由内部机制不完善所带来的一系列矛盾和问题，而在企业集团的发展战略中，财务管控是非常重要的一环。本文从经济学的角度来谈谈集团财务管控的必要性及实践过程中需关注的问题，以厘清思路，并期待能对实际工作有所帮助。     

集团企业税务管理浅析

企业的集团化发展是未来企业的发展趋势,现代企业在战略规划、资金预算、内部控制等诸多方面采取大企业格局的集团化管理,但税务管理因其不同的行业特点、法人设置、地域差别等而在集团化管理的道路上举步维艰。本文就现代集团企业的税务管理现状进行分析,提出相应的管理对策,并构建集团企业管理体制,为现代集团企业税务管理提供切实可行的方案。     

新常态下集团化企业内部控制与风险管理的研究

经济一体化环境中我国集团化企业迅速发展,但其面临的市场竞争压力及运营风险等也随之增加,如私设"小金库"、挪用公款等贪污腐败问题频发,制约了企业的健康发展.引发上述问题的主要原因是企业内部控制存在缺陷、风险管控不到位等.新经济形态下,集团企业需不断加强内部控制,并运用现代化管理手段完善风险防控系统,提升风险应对能力.随着企业现代化管理水平及外部监管机构规制要求不断提升,当前多数集团企业已意识到内部控制与风险管控的重要性,并制定了内部控制机制和风险管控体系.但其未将内部控制与风险管理进行深度融合,没有充分发挥内部控制的风险防控作用,而风险管理中权责划分不明,风险控制流于形式.对此,新常态下集团化企业要以风险管控为出发点、内部控制为切入点,将内部控制与风险管理充分融合,构建科学健全的内部控制管理体系,促进集团化企业的良性发展.基于此,本文探析集团化企业内部控制与风险管理现状,并提出企业内部控制与风险管理优化建议,为集团化企业的内部管理提供参考.     

农发行海南省分行服务海南农垦转型发展

中国农业发展银行海南省分行(以下简称农发行海南省分行)紧扣时代发展的最强音,秉承服务三农的家国情怀和敢为人先的创新精神,率先发起与海南农垦的战略合作,积极为海南农垦的转型发展融智、融力、融资. 率先行动,构建战略合作关系 海南省委省政府于2015年12月16日出台了《关于推进新一轮海垦改革发展的实施意见》,全面启动海南农垦新一轮“垦区集团化、农场企业化”改革,明确提出实施“八八”战略(发展八大产业、建设八大园区).     

我国旅游资源整合战略研究

改革开放以来,我国旅游业取得了长足的发展,并获得了骄人的业绩。从非产业经济发展为新的经济增长点,从独立发展走向联合发展。但是由于我国旅游业起步较晚,因此不可避免地会存在有种种问题。据此,有学者提出要进行旅游资源整合。对此,笔者也十分赞同,并认为可以通过以下具体途径,比如共享市场品牌信息、建立战略联盟和旅游企业的集团化发展等,从而最终实现旅游资源的有效整合和长远发展。     

企业集团财务战略研究

随着深化改革的逐步推进,企业之间的竞争已经从"单打独斗"发展到"集团化"多层次的竞争,而在创新要素和资本优势逐步向企业集团集聚过程中,企业之间的竞争已经转化为长远的企业战略竞争.财务战略是保障企业集团战略顺利实施的重要子战略,本文通过了解企业集团财务战略的概念和特点,分析目前我国企业集团财务战略管理中存在的问题,并对这些问题加以研究,提出一些对策以促进财务战略的顺利实施.     

美国个人股票持有结构分析

二战后,美国个人的金融资产结构发生了显著变化,直接持有股票的比重降低而机构性资产的份额大幅度上升。从微观家户层面角度,美国家庭的直接股票持有与家庭收入呈明显的正向关系,低收入家庭群体直接持股比例低,而收入越高的家庭群体直接持股的比例也越高。基于美联储的消费者金融调查数据,我们从户主年龄、户主受教育程度、户主就业状况以及住房状况等方面详细分析了美国的家庭收入分布状况与直接持有股票状况,也印证了上述结论。借鉴美国的发展经验,笔者对我国个人金融资产结构的改善提出若干建议。     

Precautionary Savings with Risky Assets: When Cash Is Not Cash

U.S. industrial firms invest heavily in noncash, risky financial assets such as corporate debt, equity, and mortgage‐backed securities. Risky assets represent 40% of firms’ financial portfolios, or 6% of total book assets. We present a formal model to assess the optimality of this behavior. Consistent with the model, risky assets are concentrated in financially unconstrained firms holding large financial portfolios, are held by poorly governed firms, and are discounted by 13% to 22% compared to safe assets. We conclude that this activity represents an unregulated asset management industry of more than $1.5 trillion, questioning the traditional boundaries of nonfinancial firms.     

管理层动机、会计政策选择与盈余管理——基于新会计准则下上市公司金融资产分类的实证研究

本文对新会计准则下上市公司金融资产的分类进行了实证研究,主要关注企业对交易性金融资产和可供出售金融资产的确认和计量。本文的实证结果发现,当上市公司持有的金融资产比例较高时,为降低公允价值变动对利润的影响程度,管理层会将较大比例的金融资产确认为可供出售金融资产;在持有期间,为了避免利润的下滑,管理层往往违背最初的持有意图,将可供出售的金融资产在短期内进行处置。本文的实证结果为研究管理层动机、会计政策选择和盈余管理之间的关系提供了新的视角。     

中国居民资产配置趋势及商业银行对策

从近年来中国居民金融资产变化情况来看,在金融资产总量急剧增加的同时,资产结构也由原来单一的银行资产向多元化方向发展,但储蓄存款仍居主导地位,人均居民金融资产水平也较低。后危机时期居民金融资产总量增长空间仍然较大,资产多元化趋势将更加明显,这意味着储蓄存款将持续减少,而证券、基金、保险、信托、银行理财产品等新型金融产品的投资将日益扩大,居民资产配置以储蓄为主的格局仍将持续较长时间。这为商业银行发展带来两个机遇:一是为商业银行实现经营转型带来了发展机遇;二是为商业银行个人资产管理业务带来了发展机遇。     

Corporate Insurance and Debt: The Case of China*

Finance theorists have long argued that corporate purchases of property insurance can reduce the probability and hence the expected costs of financial distress. And by so doing, the corporate use of insurance can reduce borrowing costs and/ or increase debt capacity, reduce the overall cost of capital, and increase firm value. This article attempts to apply this argument to the case of publicly traded companies in China, which provides a particularly interesting environment given the significant presence of both foreign direct investment and state shareholdings in its corporate sector. From their study of several hundred Chinese companies during the period 1997‐2003, the authors report the following conclusions: Companies with higher borrower costs tend to purchase more property insurance, which in turn has the effect of increasing their debt capacity. Smaller companies are more likely than larger firms both to insure their assets and to purchase more property insurance (as a percentage of assets), reflecting their greater vulnerability to financial shocks and larger potential benefit from insurers' real advisory services (such as loss prevention advice). Companies with more and larger growth opportunities are more likely to purchase insurance, reflecting their higher expected costs of financial distress (from possible underinvestment) than firms with limited growth opportunities. Companies with higher levels of state ownership tend to insure their assets to a greater extent, suggesting that the managers of such companies insure to protect their job security, particularly as the availability of state subsidies to the Chinese corporate sector has declined since market reforms were initiated in 1978.     

Trust,happiness, and households’ financial decisions

A recent line of research highlights trust as an important element guiding the decision of households to invest into risky financial assets and insurance products. This paper contributes to this literature by identifying happiness as another key driver of the same decision. Using detailed survey data from a sample of Dutch households, we show that the impact of happiness on households’ financial decisions works in the opposite direction and is more economically important compared to trust. Specifically, happiness leads to a lower probability of investing into risky financial assets and having insurance, while trust has the usual positive effect found in the literature. Furthermore, the negative effect of happiness on the ownership of risky financial assets is about 6% higher compared to the positive equivalent of trust. Similarly, the negative effect of happiness on the ownership of insurance is 3% higher than the positive effect of trust.     

Financial Distress in Australian General Insurers

We develop and test a statistical model to identify Australian general insurers experiencing financial distress over the 1999–2001 period. Using a logit model and two measures of financial distress we are able to predict, with reasonable confidence, the insurers more likely to be distressed. They are generally small and have low return on assets and cession ratios. Relative to holdings of liquid assets they have high levels of property and reinsurance assets, and low levels of equity holdings. They also write more overseas business, and less motor insurance and long‐tailed insurance lines, relative to fire and household insurance.     

保险公司负债公允价值的评估

保险公司的资产与负债按照财务报告或风险管理的要求要用公允价值来表示其价值。保险公司负债主要由各种类型的保险合同组成。尽管金融产品的交易非常活跃,市场价格可以相对容易地获得,但像保险合同这样缺乏交易市场,并且风险是非系统化的金融产品的公允价值的计算却十分困难。通过分层次的方法可以有效地评估金融工具的公允价值,其中评估保险公司负债的公允价值最常用的方法是现值法。现值法中包含了直接法与间接法两种本质上等价的方法。本文对这两种方法分别作了分析,并提出了在评估保险公司负债的公允价值时需要考虑的一些现实问题。     

Subsidization of S&Ls under the flat-rate deposit insurance system: Some empirical estimates

This study provides some estimates of the magnitude of the subsidies extracted by S&L holding companies under the present flat-rate deposit insurance system. The results suggest that the flat-rate deposit insurance system induces substantially uneven and inequitable distribution of subsidies among thrift institutions. The analysis of the thrift institutions' asset volatilities over the 1966–1988 period does not support the claim that deregulation of the industry has led to a systematic increase in risk-taking in the industry. On the other hand, we find that a large fraction of the asset volatilities are attributable to firm-specific investment policies and that the risk of the institutions' assets change considerably over time. Taken as a whole, the results suggest that switching to a risk-based deposit insurance system would be economically more efficient than the present scheme. We provide some recommendations for policy changes that can increase the efficacy of risk-based insurance by increasing the level of monitoring by depositors and the financial markets.     

Shadow banking,insurance and financial sector stability

Motivated by the recent financial crisis and the near collapse of the insurance giant American International Group (AIG), we empirically study the link between the insurance sector, the size of the shadow system and financial stability across countries. Using the Z-score as a measure of financial stability and the ratio of insurance assets to GDP for 26 countries during the period 1998–2011, this paper shows that: (i) the insurance sector is negatively and significantly related to financial stability, and that (ii) using the shadow banking system as a channel, the insurance sector is detrimental to financial stability for countries with a high level of shadow banking assets.