零售企业的物流模式及其影响因素研究

本文以零售企业的物流活动作为研究对象,通过实地走访调查和案例分析,研究了零售企业在中国目前条件下所采用的物流模式,以及影响零售企业选择物流模式的主要因素。调查与分析结果显示:第一,在目前的零售物流中,供应商主导的物流模式占居主导地位,而其中又以M12(供应商→零售商→消费者)最为普遍;第二,被调查的大部分零售企业使用了两种以上的物流模式,其中一种是主要的,其他则是辅助的;第三,即使采用相同的物流模式,各个企业的具体操作方法也有很多不同。第四,一些因素(如供应商的规模与实力、物流成本、产品特点和环境条件)被普遍认为对零售企业选择物流模式有影响,而另外一些因素(如零售企业的规模和实力、物流对零售企业成功的影响程度、零售企业的经营组织形式和业态等)则只被个别企业认为对其选择物流模式有影响。本文最后对这些结果的意义进行了讨论。     

企业物流配送模式简述

随着我国经济的发展,物流配送作为挖掘"第三利润源泉"的突破口受到了极大的重视并得到了较快的发展。中国加入世贸组织后,随着外资企业的进入,中国企业面临着较大的竞争,各个企业之间的竞争不仅体现在技术、人才上,同时还包括物流和供应链,而且企业物流服务之间的竞争将会更加激烈。因此,现代物流是企业提高竞争力的有效途径。本文主要介绍了自营配送模式、第三方配送模式、共同配送模式、互用配送模式、供应商配送模式等几种常用的物流配送模式,并对各个配送模式的优缺点和适用的配送范围进行了比较分析,本文用大量的图示列出每个配送模式的特点,便于读者更好的比较和理解,对于企业了解物流配送模式、合理选用物流配送模式关系有良好的参考价值。     

跨国零售集团在华采购给"中国制造"带来的机遇和挑战

本文认为,跨国零售集团是当今世界商品流通的主渠道,其在华采购能够带动我国产品进入全球市场,减少生产盲目性,更有效地宣传“中国制造”的品牌,减少出口环节,降低销售成本,提高经营管理水平,但同时在对供应商的选择、采购产品的要求、企业供货能力和配送能力以及供应商有关认证的要求上也提出了更高的要求,沟通不足成为制约采购力度的根本原因。文章提出,为促进跨国零售集团加大在华采购力度,应加强质量管理,提供完善服务,开发时尚新颖的产品,加快通过标准认证,熟悉跨国零售集团采购规则并与之建立战略联盟关系,借助和依托中间商进入跨国零售集团采购筐。     

广东省大型零售企业物流外包模式及其影响因素调查分析

本文以广东省大型零售企业作为研究对象,通过深度访谈和案例分析,研究大型零售企业在我国目前条件下的物流外包模式及其影响的主要因素。调查与分析结果显示：第一,在大型零售企业中,物流外包已经相当普遍;第二,被调查的大部分零售企业使用在仓库或配送中心集货再配送到门店的模式;第三,零售企业原有的物流设施、成本压力、零售业态、商品特点、供应商负责部分物流配送等因素被普遍认为是影响零售企业物流外包的主要因素。最后本文对这些结果的意义进行讨论。     

B2C电子商务物流“最后一公里”问题研究

B2C电子商务已成为推动网络零售市场快速发展的主要平台。B2C电子商务物流"最后一公里"作为企业与消费者直接沟通的渠道,配送的及时性、准确性、可靠性不仅影响消费者的购物体验,而且影响企业的品牌信誉。基于此,在总结送货上门和自助提货两种基本配送方式的基础上,分析了各种模式的优缺点,并提出对不同客户群体采取不同的配送方式,同时发展共同配送,降低配送成本。     

基于O2O模式的社区物流末端配送服务模式探析

随着网络的不断发展,快递物流成为人们关注的主要问题,快递的分拣、配送、爆仓等一直成为物流公司关注的问题。在人们对快递服务要求越来越高的今天,需要使用更加新型的快递配送模式,O2O模式是一种利用在线平台来吸引消费者并在线下对消费服务的产品进行体验的一种模式。在社区物流末端的配送中,利用这种模式能够促进社区的发展。文章主要分析了O2O电子商务模式的概念及其在社区物流末端配送服务中的问题,以期推动社区物流末端配送服务的快速发展。     

进一步提升零售企业物流管理水平

在21世纪,应用物流管理提高企业的竞争力已被国际企业普遍重视。而我国引入物流管理这一概念的时间较短,与国外企业相比,国内零售企业对其应用比较有限,并且存在运作效率低、统一配送率低、物流成本高、信息共享低以及信息化水平低等问题。究其原因,是因为零售企业尚未形成规模效应、物流管理观念落后、与供应商合作不畅以及信息技术落后。为有效实施物流管理,国内零售企业可以从物流配送模式的选择、加强与供应商的合作、提升企业的信息化水平等方面寻求对策。     

连锁零售企业配送体系建设存在的误区及其重构

当前,国内连锁零售企业配送体系的构建存在误区,原因在于缺乏对配送需求特点的系统分析.笔者认为:统一配送是对统一产品簇的集中配送,也是对统一门店簇的集中配送,统一配送是否自营是对自身物流管理能力、供应商和第三方物流服务商物流能力的协调.     

零售连锁企业与特色加盟店物流配送的联系

本文研究了传统零售企业连锁店中以一个区域为配送中心、多个城市为配送中心供应链配送系统优化,物流配送系统网址选择.分析传统零售连锁企业物流供应链,对比分析加盟店与零售连锁店商品配送,给出特色小吃加盟店产品配送模式求解方法.     

电商企业生鲜产品物流模式创新

电商企业构建新型生鲜产品物流模式是其降低生鲜产品物流成本、提高物流活动运作效率的重要手段,也是当前电商企业发展生鲜业务亟待解决的重要问题。对从事生鲜业务的典型电商企业进行分析发现,现有电商企业生鲜产品物流模式可归纳为"自营物流"、"自营物流+第三方物流"、"自营物流+消费者自提/自营配送"等三类。三种物流模式均有其适用范围,均有存在的必要。然而,随着食品本地化趋势的日益明显,从事生鲜业务的电商企业与本地农场、线下社区相结合成为发展生鲜业务的新趋势。为适应生鲜业务发展新趋势,降低物流成本,可采取"第三方物流+消费者自提/第三方配送"模式。该模式的运作始于消费者在线下单,信息通过网站传至自营或签约的农场及基地,之后再由第三方物流企业通过冷链运到仓库、流通加工中心、社区终端店,多数生鲜产品通过消费者自提,极少数生鲜产品通过第三方物流配送。该模式有利于企业集中精力发展核心业务,具有降低物流成本、改善购物体验两大明显优势,是本地化趋势下中小型电商企业发展生鲜业务的较佳选择。但是,该模式仅适用于中小型电商企业,对其他从事生鲜业务电商企业的适用性尚不可知,且实施过程中一定要注意电商企业对物流活动的控制力、电商企业与消费者之间的关系、电商企业供应商管理、电商企业终端店选址等问题。     

The Role of Logistics Leverage in Marketing Strategy

ABSTRACT

In today's environment-where changes in price, promotion, and product often are quickly imitated-the way to sustain competitive advantage may lie in changes to ancillary services, such as logistics. By leveraging excellent and superior logistics services, intricately linked with marketing strategy, firms can potentially create and maintain competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to begin the theoretical development process by understanding the implications of logistics leverage on marketing strategy. Two sources of antecedent justification, application of extant literature and observation of the phenomenon through case studies, are employed to develop the theoretical model. Conclusions, with implications for managers and suggestions for futue research, areal soprovided.     

双边议价框架内主导零售商买方势力及政府规制取向

在双边议价框架内,外部选择价值决定纵向关系中交易双方各自的议价势力。规模以及作为产品进入市场的"守门人"角色是主导零售商自身所具备的影响外部选择价值的因素,是主导零售商买方势力的主要来源。在对称性寡头竞争的零售市场,主导零售商的买方势力产生有益的"抵消效应",而在非对称性寡头竞争的零售市场,主导零售商的买方势力可能产生有害的"水床效应"。"水床效应"既可能会加剧零售市场垄断化趋势,又可能损害消费者福利。因此,政府规制应高度关注主导零售商的市场兼并行为,高度关注主导零售商剥削中小供应商的行为,高度关注主导零售商过度低价促销行为。     

经济欠发达地区基于物流的家电业多渠道营销模式

目前国内较为先进的家电经营模式主要由连锁经营及渠道代理两种。实施多渠道营销策略,建立物流核心竞争力,与大型连锁卖场实施差异化竞争,在竞争中得以生存发展,不失为经济欠发达地区家电业有效的经营模式。     

The impact of reverse logistics process coordination on third party relationship quality: A moderated mediation model for multichannel retailers in the fashion industry

Multichannel retailing is a widely adopted strategy in the fashion industry. Companies in this industry find it a source of competitive advantage to invest in reverse logistics infrastructure. However, limited empirical studies investigate the enablers of the relationship quality between the retailers and their reverse logistics service providers. This study quantifies the impact of reverse logistics process coordination between retailers and logistics service providers on relationship quality. Moreover, it tests the mediating role of reverse logistics service quality and the moderating role of conflict frequency in this relationship. Data were collected through a survey using a purposive sample of 241 retail store managers from the fashion retail industry of Pakistan. For this purpose, a self-administered questionnaire was developed using a five-point Likert Scale to gauge the responses. Conditional process analysis was used to evaluate the moderated mediation model. The findings showed a significant positive impact of reverse logistics process coordination on the relationship quality with a logistics service provider, a significant positive mediation effect of reverse logistics service quality, and a significant moderation effect of conflict frequency on the indirect relationship. However, conflict frequency, contrary to the hypothesis in the study, strengthened the indirect relationship. Furthermore, the moderation effect of conflict frequency on the direct relationship was insignificant. This study will help managers better understand the best practices leading to effective management of reverse logistics processes, particularly product returns.     

两级物流服务商参与的供应链最优决策与利益分配研究——基于多种合作模式视角

在两级物流服务商参与的供应链系统中存在一条由制造商与零售商构成的产品供应链（PSC）和另一条由物流服务集成商和物流服务提供商构成的物流服务供应链（LSSC）。通过分析两方合作、多方合作等不同决策模式下的博弈情形，得出在两方合作决策模式下，对于LSSC来讲，集中决策属于占优战略，而当物流服务水平敏感系数与零售价格敏感系数满足一定条件时，PSC会选择集中决策；系统集中决策模式、三方合作决策模式、两方合作决策模式下的系统总利润、物流服务水平和产品销量依次递减；采用Nash谈判模型及最小核心法设计了不同合作模式下的供应链利益分配机制，实现供应链协调；最后，通过数值分析验证了相关命题的研究结论和利益分配机制的有效性，并在此基础上提出了未来可深入研究的领域与方向。     

Requirement analysis and service optimization of multiple category fresh products in online retailing using importance-Kano analysis

Online fresh retailing enriches people's shopping choices and provides convenience to reduce the risk of infection during the pandemic. Online reviews contain consumers' attention, requirements and sentiments, and in-depth analysis of this information has guiding values for service optimization. To better understand this information, a requirement analysis idea based on the attention and sentiment distribution of online reviews was proposed, namely importance-Kano analysis. Seven different customer requirements were found, including express delivery, cost performance, communication, freshness, flavor, specification and packaging. Flavor and freshness are the most concerned attributes, and they and other attributes all influence satisfaction in their unique ways. Consumers care a lot about the shopping experience and product quality and they have a high degree of product involvement in fresh products. Service improvement should be considered as a systematic project, and the influence of competitive environment, category differences and technological development should not be ignored. A service optimization model was developed based on the concept of total quality management, which was constructed by three layers including supply chain, operation management and consumer experience. The systematic analysis is conducive to in-depth understanding of the complexity, systematical and timeliness nature of fresh product operation management.     

“Service” in Luxury Retailing in the Twenty‐First Century: An Exploratory Look at the Pleasure Boating Sector

This study explores the most effective retailing strategies with which luxury retailers can achieve a competitive advantage. The central role of services in enhancing the consumption experience in the luxury segment has been analyzed considering the pleasure boating sector, with a focus on the role that the dealer may have, both in the integration of different services and in the development of a durable competitive advantage. A qualitative study has been carried out through semistructured, in‐depth, one‐to‐one interviews with representatives of companies that deal with the pleasure boating sector. The results show that in the luxury pleasure boating sector, the introduction of a better‐defined retail strategy focused on services and its integration within the entire distribution channel may be crucial but also difficult to achieve in contexts that lack a marketing orientation. The contribution to extant literature on service in the pleasure boating sector and in luxury retailing in general is outlined. The managerial implications for practitioners in the pleasure boating sector are also discussed.     

Competitive strategies in retailing—an investigation of the applicability of Porter's framework for food retailers

The objective of this research is to develop a framework for competitive strategies in food retailing. Managers of food retail channels were surveyed in order to derive the basic dimensions of competitive advantages that companies attempt to achieve in this industry sector. In a second study based on consumers, the central dimensions of retail store perception were investigated. Both studies reveal that three basic types of competitive advantage seem to prevail in food retailing: (1) price, (2) quality (with a comprehensive set of quality-orientated instruments, including customer service), (3) convenience. We find quality leadership and price leadership to be independent factors which can be achieved without conflicting with one another.     

物流:国内市场一体化的推动力——对物流功能的一种经济学解释

本文认为,物流的功能可以有管理学的描述,也可以有经济学的解释。经济学认为,物流通过竞争性市场能够利用稀缺的资源,实现资源的有效配置,而物流配置资源的过程正是推动国内市场一体化形成的过程。文章提出,这种推动作用主要体现在以下三个方面:一是物流具有聚集—释放效应,这种效应的发挥要依赖市场来实现,同时这种效应的发挥又推动着市场一体化的进程;二是物流的价格选高机制最终导致商品的价格趋于均衡价格,促进国内市场一体化的实现;三是物流具有市场导向型特征,能敏锐地洞察市场竞争及商品价格水平的变化,适时地将商品(产品和要素)移动到需要这些商品的地区,既改变这些地区的生产可能性边界,解决自然禀赋缺乏的困难,又促进这些地区市场化程度的提高。     

产业耦合、区域异质性与新零售组织场域

新零售业态发展受制于零售业与物流业耦合状况。两业耦合约束下，如何构建新零售组织场域是深化零售业变革以提升经济效率的重要现实问题。文章首先量化分析中国东、中和西部区域零售业与物流业耦合关系及其协调发展水平；其次提出考虑区域异质性下的新零售制度创业优势路径，并剖析新零售组织场域建构过程及其逻辑。研究发现：(1)中国零售业与物流业处于正向非对称共生状态，且共生度表现明显的区域差异；(2)零售业与物流业耦合互动状况整体不佳，东部协调水平最高，总体处于中度协调阶段，西部协调水平最低，处于勉强协调阶段；(3)东、中和西部理应分别建构平台服务商、实体零售商和物流服务商主导下的新零售组织场域；(4)三种新零售组织场域形成过程中的制度创业、集体行动、合法性建立以及新旧制度联动变迁等组织行为逻辑存在差异。研究结论为推进中国新零售业态持续健康发展提供理论支撑和实践启示。