“樊记腊汁肉”与“肯德基”——“中华老字号”的DNA

“樊记腊汁肉”不再姓樊 2011年5月24日,这一天,在西安人嘴里,变成了一包五味杂陈的怪味豆。从这一天起,誉满天下的,让西安人充满了自豪感的地方风味名小吃,荣获商业部“金鼎奖”金牌小吃,“樊记腊汁肉”从此不姓樊了。     

Political and Economic Inequities and the Shaping of Institutions and Redistribution

This article studies the joint effect of political and economic inequalities on redistributive taxation and institutional quality. The theoretical model suggests that income inequality, coupled with political bias in favor of the rich, decreases redistribution and lowers institutional quality. The effect of the former is to increase productive investment, and the effect of the latter is to decrease it—with resulting ambiguous implications for economic growth. Testing these predictions empirically in a panel of countries, we find that inequality has a negative effect on both institutional quality and redistribution.     

中西思维之异同与翻译

人类思维具有共性和个性,共性是我们交流的前提,个性是各民族在交流过程中需要适当转换才能进行的一些差异。思维方式与文化和语言有密切的关系,它是沟通语言和文化的桥梁。深入掌握中西思维方式的不同之处,对于我们正确处理句式翻译和语篇翻译以及成功地进行跨文化交际,具有重要的意义。     

Care and Nutrition: Concepts and Measurement

Care is the provision in the household and the community of time, attention, and support to meet the physical, mental, and social needs of the growing child and other household members. The significance of care has best been articulated in the framework developed by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). This paper extends the UNICEF model of care and summarizes the literature on the relationship of care practices and resources to child nutrition. The paper also summarizes attempts to measure the various dimensions of care. The concept of care is extended in two directions: first, we define resources needed by the caregiver for care and, second, we show that the child's own characteristics play a role in the kind of care that he or she receives. The literature summary and methodological recommendations are made for six types of resources for care and for two of the least studied care practices: complementary feeding and psychosocial care. The other care practices are care for women, breast-feeding, food preparation, hygiene, and home health practices. Feeding practices that affect a child's nutritional status include adaptation of feeding to the child's abilities (offering finger foods, for example); responsiveness of the caregiver to the child (perhaps offering additional or different foods); and selection of an appropriate feeding context. Psychosocial care is the provision of affection and attention to the child and responsiveness to the child's cues. It includes physical, visual, and verbal interactions.     

European integration and economic methodology and research: Questions and speculations

This paper will discuss the role of methodology in connection with different theoretical approaches. It is shown that a multitude of paradigms is appropriate when dealing with complex developments such as integration. The question is raised whether it makes sense to discuss a special European approach. Divergent views exist, but some differences between a European and an American tradition seem to exist due to a continent-wide competition among U.S. economists and a more fragmented European scene. Closer integration and academic cooperation in Europe could result in a more unified research environment resembling the U.S. picture. However, the role of language differences must not be overlooked and can contribute to a continuing diversification.Distinguished Address presented at the Forty-Seventh International Atlantic Economic Conference, Vienna, Austria, March 16–23, 1999.     

广东省科技与金融结合现状及对策研究

本文采用问卷调查的方法,以广东省的高新技术企业以及非高新技术企业的研发活动作为调查重点,发现金融投入对科技活动的介入程度低,并从政府、银行以及相关中介机构的角度提出广东省科技与金融结合的对策建议。     

我国与东盟国家的产业分工与协作

本文通过对中国与东盟各国产业结构变动的实证分析,发现我国与东盟各国在产业分工中的竞争与互补关系,指出了在东盟区域的产业分工协作中,我国的选择。     

Capital flows and exchange rates: recent Korean and Taiwanese experience and challenges

We first study the characteristics of the financial crisis and its impacts on Taiwanese and Korean economies. We have examined 22 macroeconomic fundamentals, such as GDP, inflation rates, government budget, trade balance, external debt, money supply, and ratios of average monthly imports and cumulative inward portfolio investment to international reserves, and compared with an extensive data set of the two countries. The comparisons point out that the macrofundamentals of both countries are basically the same, except the international finance sector. After defining currency crisis and banking crisis, the causes of crises are identified as the nominal exchange rates and the short-term external debt-to-international reserves ratios. In view of this, we use cointegration and causality tests to examine the relationship between these two time series. We have found a unidirectional causality from the short-term debt ratio to the exchange rate for Korea, but no causality between the two for Taiwan. The paper ends with some discussions on the lessons and challenges from the experience of the two countries.     

Water pollution and abstraction and economic instruments

The paper assesses the potential role for economic instrumentsin the regulation of water pollution and abstraction in thelight of the UK government's discussion documents. Economicinstruments offer the potential for greater cost efficiencyin achieving environmental targets than existing command-and-controlmethods. Applying economic instruments in the water context,however, is complex, because the location of pollution sourcesis critical and because of the interactions between pollutantsand between effluent and abstraction. Schemes for recyclingtax revenue to polluters in ways which preserve the appropriatemarginal incentives are examined, and the possibility of combiningthe existing quantitative controls with a tax scheme is explored.     

自主创新与欠发达地区经济社会发展的互动关系研究

本文简要分析了自主创新对区域经济社会发展的一般意义,重点研究了自主创新与欠发达地区经济社会发展的互动关系。     

人民币和日元协调与合作的基础和路径

虽然东亚区域的货币金融合作已经取得一定的成果,但是仍然进展缓慢.后危机时期,东亚货币金融合作可能再一次陷入困境.作为区域内重要国家的中日两国来说,应该在区域合作方面肩负起重大责任,为东亚货币金融合作寻找突破点.人民币和日元的协调与合作,无论对于东亚区域还是对于中日两国来说,都具有明显的意义和重要的必要性,并且已经具备了一定的基础.经过对这些问题进行分析之后,提出了人民币和日元进行协调与合作的路径,其中包含两国、区域和全球3个相互关联的层面.     

Immigrant Specificity and the Relationship between Trade and Immigration: Theory and Evidence

Studies routinely document that immigrant employment concentrates in non‐traded goods sectors and that many immigrants have low inter‐sectoral mobility. We consider these observed characteristics of immigrant employment with regard to the question of how immigration affects a nation's pattern of production and trade. We model an economy producing three goods; one is non‐traded. Domestic labor and capital are domestically mobile but internationally immobile. Allowing that some new immigrants will become specific to the non‐traded goods sector, the model indicates that the effects of immigration on output and trade depend importantly on the sectoral pattern of employment of both new and existing immigrants. Empirical investigation in a panel data set of OECD countries supports the model's prediction that immigration raises the output of non‐traded goods. Consistent with the model, we also find that immigration and trade are complements. Given its empirical support, the model's implications for immigration policy are then discussed.     

Endogenous Research and Development and Intellectual Property Laws in Developed and Emerging Economies

The incentive of providing protection of intellectual property has been analyzed both for an emerging economy and for a developed economy. The optimal patent length and the optimal patent breadth within a country are found to be positively related to each other for a fixed structure of laws abroad. Moreover, a country can respond to stronger patent protection abroad by weakening its patent protection under certain circumstances and by strengthening its patent protection under other circumstances. These results depend on the curvature of the research‐and‐development production function. Finally, we investigate the impact of an increase in the willingness to pay in the emerging economy and find conditions under which there is an improvement in both patent length and patent breadth in the emerging economy.     

思想政治教育与社会环境的关系及社会环境优化

社会环境的影响贯穿于整个思想政治教育活动,对人们思想道德观念的形成具有决定性作用。优化思想政治教育社会环境极为重要,它对于坚持正确的价值导向、弘扬社会正能量、强化思想政治教育的实效性具有重要意义。     

Science and technology indicators and socio-economic development

This paper examines the use of science and technology indicators and their relevance for the planning and evaluation of socio-economic progress. It is suggested that currently available science and technology statistics are far from being suitable for demonstrating the contribution of science and technology to development. An attempt is made to define indigenous technological capacity in terms of its components as well as in relation to national development objectives. It is proposed to look for indicators within a framework of objective-related elements of technological capacity on the one hand, and the factors which shape these elements on the other.     

中、澳经贸:自由贸易协定的机遇和挑战

中、澳自由贸易协定谈判从2005年10月开始,迄今已经进行了9个回合。本文分析了中、澳双边经贸关系的现状,并探讨了自由贸易协定给中、澳经贸可能带来的机遇和挑战,并提出推动中、澳经贸关系、加速中、澳自由贸易区建设的一些建议。     

市场经济与不平等——关于社会公平与国家治理的国际与历史观点

文章剖析了后工业时代社会全球化的历史性变化,包括其如何在风险与不平等的条件下发展并影响人们的日常生活,如何在世界范围内改变社会福利保障的状况及影响公共政策的制定。随着贫富分布不均以及社会阶层化等现象的出现,整个社会的结构正在重新构建,迅速成长的自由市场带动相关经济力量的发展,并伴随着关于理性化、标准化、商品化或是世俗主义思想的扩散。在经济下滑以及劳动力市场的软化的情况下,在全球范围内寻求更完善的社会保障措施的呼声越来越高。如今,原有的20世纪的福利国家形式已被21世纪一种更有竞争力的形态所取代,即所谓“非主权权力”,其在全球范围内越来越受到关注,但在各种社会势力（例如NGOs非政府组织）中对日常生活的影响仍旧较弱。尽管在国际经济发展与社会政策制定之间存在着滞后性,国家政权在跨国公司利益主导的世界范围内还是具有重要的管理功能。在全球化已经影响了社会契约的情况下,社会福利的未来虽难以抉择,但终究是要向着商品化的社会服务方向发展。鉴于公正与治理带来的挑战,文章认为,如今市场经济的走向必须由反映人的根本价值的道德原则来指导,而社会福利保障等概念则需要重新定义和延伸。     

我国中小企业开展融资租赁的现状及对策

中小企业在发展过程中主要障碍之一就是融资难,如何解决中小企业的融资问题也就成为社会各界研究的焦点,尽管提出各种各样的措施来解决,但收效甚微,基本上是“治标不治本”,本文以福建省(泉州)中小企业的发展现状为例,从国际租赁的角度探讨解决困扰中小企业融资问题的途径。     

两岸机电产品进出口产业内贸易研究

机电产品一直在两岸货物贸易中占有主导地位,深入研究两岸机电产品产业内贸易的现状和特征能对促进两岸贸易提供参考,两岸机电产品贸易中既有产业内贸易形式也有产业间贸易形式,但主要以产业内贸易为主;近几年贸易增长主要是由产业间贸易增长带动;两岸机电产品产业内贸易结构呈垂直型,水平型有待提高。今后两岸侧重提升产业内贸易水平,促进垂直型产业内贸易向水平型转化。     

Help and Factionalism in Politics and Organizations

Whether in electoral politics or promotions within organizations, players often face the dilemma of whether to enter the contest or to assist other candidates. This article analyzes incentives in a rank‐order tournament when the winner has control over resources that he can distribute to his supporters. Some players may then be encouraged to help others in exchange for paybacks, resulting in factionalism, with leaders and supporters sorted by ability. The number and the size of factions depend on the reward structure of the contest and the distribution of abilities. These implications are corroborated by data on U.S. gubernatorial primary elections.