The Signalling Channel of Central Bank Interventions: Modelling the Yen/US Dollar Exchange Rate

This paper presents a theoretical framework analysing the signalling channel of exchange rate interventions as an informational trigger. We develop an implicit target zone framework with learning in order to model the signalling channel. The theoretical premise of the model is that interventions convey signals that communicate information about the exchange rate objectives of the central bank. The model is used to analyse the impact of Japanese FX interventions during the period 1999–2011 on the yen/US dollar dynamics.     

日元升值对日本泡沫经济的影响分析

通过构建一个加入汇率变量的理性泡沫模型,分析日元升值对20世纪末日本泡沫经济的影响。研究发现：当一个金融自由化程度较高的经济体存在经济泡沫的时候,本币的急剧升值不仅会刺激经济泡沫进一步膨胀,而且经济泡沫会随着升值的增加以加速度的方式膨胀。1985年的“广场协议”以及后来世界五大主要经济体联合公开干预外汇市场的行为,直接导致日元大幅度升值。20世纪80年代后半期的日元升值主要通过总体和局部两条闭合路径刺激日本经济泡沫的不断膨胀,日元升值因素是日本泡沫经济形成和扩大的一个重要因素。     

日元贬值与中国的对策

2001年12月下旬以来,日元突然加速贬值,12月26日突破了1美元兑换130 日元的心理大关.日元的贬值再次引起东亚国家的担忧.一些东亚国家的货币也开始随日元的贬值而贬值.自2001年3月美国经济陷入衰退以来,世界经济形势日趋恶化,目前正面临着石油危机之后未曾发生过的三大经济体(美、日、欧)同时陷入衰退或严重减速的局面.     

金融危机对日本进口汇率传导弹性的影响分析

本文通过对金融危机后的日本进口汇率弹性进行实证研究,结果表明大部分行业的进口汇率传导弹性出现了明显的上升,而机械类行业(一般机械、运输设备和精密仪器)则出现了下降,并且这些变化是在短时间内实现的。本文认为此次金融危机和日元汇率变化特征是汇率弹性急剧变化的原因,而需求价格弹性和企业内贸易的行业差别可能是导致汇率弹性变化方向不一致的根源。     

The Behavior of the Real Exchange Rate Under Fixed and Floating Exchange Rate Regimes

This article investigates the behavior of real exchange rates under fixed and flexible exchange rates. Using data from both the Bretton Woods and the modern floating periods, we decompose real exchange rate movements into components attributable to supply shocks, real demand shocks, monetary shocks, capital flows shocks, and real oil price shocks. Empirical results show that real demand shocks are an important source of real exchange rate movements under both fixed and flexible rates, while monetary shocks are negligible. Supply and oil price shocks seem to be more important under Bretton Woods, while capital flows shocks seem to explain a relatively higher proportion of real exchange rate movements under the modern floating period.     

汇率波动对日本物价指数的影响

本文以日本1985到2004年的相关数据为研究对象,评估日元汇率的波动对日本物价指数的影响。研究发现汇率对进口物品和出口物品价格有显著的影响,汇率的异常波动制约了日本经济的发展。思考人民币升值对我国经济的影响应以日本为鉴。     

The Exchange Rate Macroeconomic Balance Approach: New Methodology and Results for the Euro,the Dollar,the Yen and the Pound Sterling

This paper presents an extension of the macroeconomic exchange rate balance approach. This extension comprises two new aspects. Firstly, it is based on a multinational framework which allows for macroeconomic linkages between countries. Secondly, it uses a procedure that does not require a full modeling of the world economy to derive a consistent set of equilibrium exchange rates. The findings reveal that, in 2001, the dollar was overvalued against the euro and the yen. The paper also shows that this result depends heavily on the chosen notion of current account sustainability.     

Asset Market and Balance of Payments Characteristics: An Eclectic Exchange Rate Model for the Dollar,Mark and Yen

In this paper we use an exchange rate model, which combines asset market characteristics with balance of payments interactions, to examine the nominal effective exchange rates of the German mark, Japanese yen and US dollar for the recent experience with floating exchange rates. Our approach may be interpreted as one which attempts to flesh out the missing links that arise in conditioning an exchange rate solely on relative prices, as occurs in a standard PPP analysis. Amongst the results reported in this paper are: significant, and sensible, long-run relationships for the currencies studied; complex short-run dynamics; a variance decomposition analysis which apportions nominal exchange rate error variances into real and nominal elements.     

The Wage Rate and the Worker's Productivity: the Case of the Japanese Chemical Industry

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the wage rate and the productivity of the blue-collar worker in Japan. In this paper, micro data from a factory of chemical industry in Japan is used for our empirical study. Our empirical results indicate that, if the index of the labor productivity is an appropriate index of the labor productivity, the labor productivity plays a crucial role in the determination of the wage rate in a particular Japanese chemical factory of the 1960s.     

日元升值对日本进出口贸易的影响及其对我国的启示

20世纪70年代以来日元升值与日本对外贸易的关系表明:从短期看日元剧烈升值对日本对外贸易造成一定的冲击,但日本政府和企业采取相应措施缓解了日元升值对其带来的负面影响,即通过调整产业结构、加强科技创新、发展对外直接投资等措施来化解矛盾;从长期看日元升值并没有给日本对外贸易的增长造成实质性影响。研究日元升值与日本对外贸易间的关系,对同样面临人民币升值压力的我国具有重要的借鉴意义。     

浅议日元与人民币协调的必要性

无论是东亚金融合作,还是“日元亚洲化”战略和“人民币亚洲化”战略的实施都增大了人民币与日元在东亚区域内的交集。在这种情况下,日元和人民币的关系自然成为中日两国不可回避的问题。如果两国选择货币竞争,竞争所能得到的利益远远小于它所带来的危害;但是如果中日两国进行货币合作,则不仅能促进两国经济的发展,而且有助于两国货币亚洲化目标的实现。     

日本政府推进日元国际化制约因素分析

日本政府在20世纪之末再次明确提出推进日元国际化。日元国际化就是指日元在国际上充当计价货币,结算货币,流通货币和储备资产及外汇交易中所占的市场份额上升,把日元由低度化的国际货币提升为高度化的国际货币。而从日本目前的基本经济状况,金融业不良债权,金融市场现状,经济增长模式,汇率变动,日本同东亚各国政治经济关系,以及现行国际经济金融,政治秩序演变等方面分析,制约日元国际化的不利因素还很多,日本政府推动日元国际化的进程将是困难重重。     

汇率制度改革与人民币汇率联动的特征研究

文章以2000年1月4日至2015年12月31日为样本期间,运用基于多元互相关方法的汇率联动网络模型,分析人民币与全球52个主要货币的汇率联动关系。结果表明:第一,全球汇率波动存在以美元、人民币、丹麦克朗为主,新元、林吉特、瑞士法郎等货币为辅的汇率联动板块;第二,汇率联动以人民币、美元等货币为核心的板块联动溢出效应最为显著,且板块内货币之间有明显地理临近的联动特性;第三,以人民币为核心货币的汇率联动关系具有持续的稳定性,这有利于形成人民币汇率市场化改革的稳定预期。     

中国农业劳动力空心化与难题破解刍论

农业劳动力空心化是工业化、城镇化的历史过程,是改革开放的必然结果。因此,要把握时代规律,积极创造条件,突出农业经营机制、农业经营主体、城乡要素流动、农业发展方式,农业管理体制"五创新",减少农民数量,提高农民素质,加快农业劳动力空心化进度,缩短农业劳动力自发调节时间,切实解决农业劳动力从哪里来、怎样才能留得住农民、农民种粮积极性谁来保护等重要问题,突破农业劳动力空心化制约瓶颈,保障国家粮食安全,促进农村经济社会协调健康发展。     

"广场协议"后的美元/日元汇率与美日双边贸易失衡

1985年"广场协议"的最主要目标是通过美元对全球主要货币特别是对日元的贬值来缩减美国的贸易逆差。然而,对1985-2006年美元/日元汇率、美日双边贸易差额等数据进行的分析说明,美元/日元汇率变动对美日双边贸易收支变动没有解释能力,美元对日元的贬值没有解决美日之间的贸易失衡问题。我们有理由相信,人民币对美元的升值也同样不能解决当代美中之间的贸易失衡问题。     

"人民币升值"新议

近十年来,中国的进出口始终处于逐渐加剧的趋势,与之相适应,中国的外汇储备也在逐年增加：1994年中国的外汇储备仅为516.26亿美元,1996年超过1000亿美元,2001年超过2000亿美元.根据央行的统计,截至2005年底,国家外汇储备余额为8188.72亿美元,同比增长34.3%,增幅比上年末下降17个百分点,全年外汇储备比上年增加2089亿美元.     

日本中央银行汇率干预目标研究

通过分析日本中央银行汇率政策的变化,可以了解其过去的汇率干预目标.均衡实际汇率才是确定汇率干预目标现实、合理的方法,利用均衡实际汇率的概念,结合投资、储蓄理论可以预测中央银行的干预目标.日本在过去几年股价回落,投资者投资意愿不足,导致日本中央银行汇率干预目标重心下移.近年来日本储蓄率基本持平,对日本中央银行汇率干预目标影响不大;如果日本经济继续处于低速状态,日本中央银行汇率干预目标将继续下移.     

“三元悖论”与人民币汇率制度选择

“三元悖论”从宏观上揭示货币政策独立性、汇率稳定、资本自由流动三大金融目标之间的相互制衡关系, 是汇率制度选择问题的一个基本理论分析工具。我国现行的汇率制度实质上是钉住美元的固定汇率制,在金融进一步开放的背景下,其弊端日益凸现,改革现行的汇率制度势在必行。我国现实经济条件决定了我国汇率制度改革的近期目标只能是建立汇率目标区,长期目标则是建立浮动汇率制。     

名义汇率与均衡汇率的偏离及其调整

本文通过评析当前有关人民币汇率取向的争论及其依据，认为人民币名义汇率应当依据均衡汇率的变动进行调整。通过改进Edwards(1989)的模型，本文建立了一般均衡的分析框架，发现实际汇率存在一条均衡路径，内生变量和外生变量的波动能够引起均衡汇率的变动。然后结合中国的数据利用汇率的误差修正模型估算了均衡汇率，结论是人民币名义汇率存在低估。在当前升值压力巨大的背景下，出于外汇制度改革的战略性考虑，应适当的让人民币名义汇率升值。     

Vertical Trade,Exchange Rate Pass-Through,and the Exchange Rate Regime

We compare the welfare of different combinations of monetary and currency policies in an open-economy macroeconomic model that incorporates two important features of many small open economies: a high level of vertical international trade and a high degree of exchange rate pass-through. In this environment, a small economy prefers a fixed exchange rate regime over a flexible regime, while the larger economy prefers a flexible exchange rate regime. There are two main causes underlying our results. First, in the presence of sticky prices, relative prices adjust through changes in the exchange rate. Multiple stages of production and trade make it more difficult for one exchange rate to balance the whole economy by adjusting several relative prices simultaneously throughout the vertical chain of production and trade. More specifically, there is a tradeoff between delivering an efficient relative price between home and foreign final goods and delivering an efficient relative price between home and foreign intermediate goods. Second, because the small economy faces a high degree of exchange rate pass-through under a flexible regime, it suffers from a lack of efficient relative prices in vertical trade. The larger economy, however, does not face this problem because its level of exchange rate pass-through is low.