The Global Economic Crisis and Migrant Workers: The Case of the Construction Sector in Europe

This paper examines the employment response of native and migrant workers over the business cycle in the construction sectors of European countries between 2008 and 2011. Using a dynamic model (Generalized Method of Moments), which accounts for ‘intergroup substitutability’, we observe that differences in the cyclical employment patterns of migrants and natives in the construction sector may be due to a potential selection of EU and non-EU migrants who are disproportionately prone to cyclical fluctuations in temporary jobs or a higher turnover rate.     

全球金融危机与凯恩斯主义

凯恩斯主义经济学的基本特征是"可调节的资本主义".此次国际金融危机中各国政府的应对政策实质上仍然是凯恩斯主义的国家干预,不可能改变资本主义市场经济体制的核心,但政策选择表现出明显的时代特点,并会对其未来国家干预的政策选择产生显著影响.此次国际金融危机使凯恩斯主义与新自由主义经济学加速融合.     

对本次金融——经济危机若干争论问题的讨论

对于本次金融——经济危机存在三种不同的学术观点。第一,本次危机的实质是金融危机还是实体经济危机。第二,危机的原因是消费过度还是消费不足。第三,危机的根源是金融监管制度不健全还是资本雇佣劳动制度存在问题。本文认为,危机的实质是实体经济中的社会生产过剩,金融危机是实体经济危机的表现;危机的一个重要原因是消费需求不足约束下的消费支出过度;危机的根源是"资本雇佣劳动"制度。     

现代工业文明与全球生态危机的根源

自从20世纪60年代美国生物学家蕾切尔卡逊发表惊世之作《寂静的春天》以来,关于生态危机与人类续存的反思已成为当代社会的共同话题。越来越多的学者相信全球生态环境恶化将是21世纪人类面临的长期的、最大的敌人。回顾整个生态崩溃的历史可以发现,生态问题成为危机与现代工业文明的发展具有极高的同步性。伴随着资本主义制度的扩张而迈向顶峰的现代工业文明把追求     

The Politics of Capital Flight in the Global Economic Crisis

This paper studies the effects of economic governance and political institutions on portfolio investment during the Global Economic Crisis of 2008–2009. Leveraging a unique cross‐national dataset on portfolio flows immediately following the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, it shows that countries with “better institutions” – those with more (or less) democratic, more (or less) constrained or more accountable political systems – were no less vulnerable to portfolio outflows than countries with “worse institutions.” However, countries with better governance prior to the crisis – those with better regulatory apparatuses, rule of law, property rights, and those considered less politically risky – experienced lower net portfolio capital outflows after Lehman. Governance is in fact the strongest predictor of portfolio capital flows during the global flight to liquidity, while political institutions perform poorly. The findings shed light onto the political factors that mediated how the collapse of Lehman affected national financial markets the world over, and have implications for literatures on the political economy of foreign investment, as well as for broader topics of institutions, governance, and economic performance.     

山西省应对气候变化的对策研究

气候变化问题是当今21世纪对人类最大的考验。山西省要紧紧抓住国家资源型经济转型综合配套改革试验区的政策机遇,提升应对气候变化的综合竞争力。本文首先阐述了世界各国在应对气候变化方面所做的实践及中国的态度和努力,然后分析了全球气候变化对山西带来的影响和挑战,提出了山西省应对气候变化的主要任务,在此基础上,围绕“十二五”期间,山西省单位 GDP 能耗降低16%,单位 GDP 二氧化碳排放降低17%的减排目标,从健全管理体系,加强组织领导;完善法规政策,强化制度保障;加强监督考核,落实发展目标;创新科技体系,提高研发能力;建立应对体系,提高民众意识;扩展对外合作,发展山西经济等六个方面提出了应对气候变化的对策建议。     

Applying the Lessons of Asia: The IMF's Crisis Management Strategy following the Global Financial Crisis

ABSTRACT

The paper reviews the International Monetary Fund's (IMF's) non-concessional lending programs following the global financial crisis, with a view to understanding how the IMF applied the lessons of the Asian crisis in designing its approach to crisis management. For this purpose, the paper focuses on the 2008 programs in Hungary, Iceland, Latvia and Ukraine – the first of its kind since the early 2000s – and compares them with the 1997 programs in Indonesia, Korea and Thailand. Our analysis finds the European programs better funded and their structural conditionality more focused. Other than these, the overall thrust of the programs was similar: fiscal and monetary tightening, coupled with banking reforms. The real difference was not so much about content but about philosophy. Relative to the Asian programs, the European programs were characterized by more emphasis on ownership, greater collaboration among stakeholders, more realistic assumptions and greater transparency about the risks and the logic of policy actions, and more built-in flexibility of targets and policy options. This approach to crisis management incorporated the changes that had been made since the Asian crisis in the IMF's policies and procedures to manage capital account crises more effectively.     

金融危机下的资本主义将何去何从

2008年全球金融危机爆发以来,世界主要资本主义国家出现了经济增长停滞、失业率畸高、贫富差距扩大等现象,经济与社会的困境引发了西方学术界对资本主义经济、社会,乃至政治发展模式的反思,企图通过反思找到引发危机的真正原因,并促进资本主义的自我调整和完善。一方面,我们应该看到,金融危机反映了资本主义制度致命的缺陷,其根源就在于资本主义基本矛盾,只要资本主义制度存在,危机的爆发将是不可避免的;另一方面,我们也应意识到,仅凭这一场危机就断言资本主义从此将退出历史舞台,恐怕还为时过早。     

国际金融危机改变世界经济格局

从列举国际金融危机的现象入手,分析国际金融危机对世界经济发生根本性变化的影响,提出国际金融危机给我国带来的挑战与机遇及应对策略。     

危机后的全球金融中心

金融中心之间的国际竞争极为激烈,而全球金融危机将加速其格局的改变。美国和欧盟的金融市场仍旧提供着全球近四分之三的金融服务,但危机之后。它们在许多市场领域的活动都明显萎缩了。新兴金融市场,尤其是亚洲．在过去几年内迅速增长,并且开始加速它们对传统金融中心的追赶步伐。北京、首尔、深圳、上海和迪拜等新兴金融中心自2007年以来国际排名迅速提高,在竞争力水平方面,首尔上升了42％,北京27％,孟买22％,上海16％。关于金融中心的未来竞争态势,我们总结出了四个重要的影响因素：第一,由于既有的市场优势和良好的经济环境,伦敦、纽约、香港和新加坡等传统全球金融中心在危机后仍是全球金融的集聚地;第二,长期来看,新兴金融中心可能在建设市场环境的规模和广度方面取得成功,从而进入全球金融中心的第一集团,而此次危机可能加速这一趋势;第三,地区和区域性金融中心可能会寄希望于市场参与者与政策制定者重新将注意力放到国内市场,然而这种优势很可能不会持续太长时间;第四,良好的监管体系是金融中心的重要竞争优势,那些不遵循国际监管规则的金融中心将面临越来越大的国际政治压力和指责。     

警惕全球金融风暴

<正> 去年全年,美国经济增长率只有1.1％,创近10年最低水平,当年工业设备利用率只有74.7％,创近20年来的最低水平,固定资本投资已连续四个季度下滑,失业率已达到前所未有的5.8％,据估计还有可能继续上升。有些人以为,是“9·11”事件打击了美国经济,其实不是。美国经济此次衰退,可以追溯到2000年4月以纳斯达克指数暴跌为标志的新经济泡沫崩溃。在纳指暴跌后,4～9月间道指仍挺在万点以上水平,但自9月下旬至2001年4月,不仅纳指再次暴跌,道指也随纳指双双下跌,纳指从3800点跌至1670点,道指从10850点跌到9480点。美国经济和股市自2000     

全球经济危机对哈萨克斯坦经济的影响

全球经济危机对哈萨克斯坦的影响广泛且剧烈,在短时期内,作为哈萨克斯坦贸易收入和国际收入主要来源与财政收入重要来源的资源产业的收入大幅度缩减,这势必对哈萨克斯坦的经济发展产生强烈的震荡。对此,哈萨克斯坦采取石油减产保价、通过财政注资刺激实体经济增长、稳定金融系统等途径抗御此次经济危机,将经济危机冲击造成的损失降到最低水平。     

气候变化全球治理的处境、困境与路径

应对气候变化的全球治理无疑是当今世界最受关注的治理实践。与人们的期望相背,气候治理的实践一直都是并将在可见的将来都会是举步维艰的。之所以如此,是由气候治理的内在困境所决定的;因此,有效的治理路径只能是立足于现实困境之上的谨慎探索。     

全球经济失衡、金融危机与全球利益分配

美国国内的产业格局与储蓄消费的失衡决定了全球的分工格局与全球经济失衡,这种失衡是诱发金融危机的根本原因。金融危机反过来也会影响全球失衡的调整,其最更深远的影响体现在,使得国别经济关系关注的焦点从财富增长转向了利益调整中的财富分配。在这一背景下,从短期来看,防止经济衰退是中国宏观经济政策的主要目标,但在长期,我们更重要的是防范全球经济失衡中的利益调整所造成的中国长期经济衰退。     

The Global Financial Crisis and Stochastic Convergence in the Euro Area

This paper analyzes the issue of convergence in the original Euro Area countries, and assesses the effect of the global financial crisis on the process of convergence. In particular, we consider whether the global financial crisis pulled the 12 economies of the Euro Area together or pushed them apart. We investigate the dynamics of stochastic convergence of the original Euro Area countries for inflation rates, nominal interest rates, and real interest rates. We test for convergence relative to Germany, taken as the benchmark for core EU standards, using monthly data over the period January 2001 to September 2010. We examine, in a time-series framework, three different profiles of the convergence process: linear convergence, nonlinear convergence, and linear segmented convergence. Our findings both contradict and support convergence. Stochastic convergence implies the rejection of a unit root in the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, and real interest rate differentials. We find that the differentials are consistent with a unit-root hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is a stationary process with a linear trend. We frequently, but not always, reject the unit-root hypothesis when the alternative is a stationary process with a broken trend. We also note that the current financial crisis plays a significant role in dating the breaks.     

全球金融危机下我国金融脆弱性问题的研究

在以房地产泡沫破灭为导火索的美国次贷危机引发的全球金融危机的背景下,吸收国内外对金融危机的最新研究成果并结合我国的实际情况,考虑房价上涨可能是我国金融脆弱性的潜在因素,并选取13个核心指标运用多变量因子分析法对我国近11年来金融脆弱性问题进行定量分析,研究认为宏观经济运行环境和金融监控是影响我国金融脆弱性的主要方面,其中房价上涨、货币增长率是影响的重要因素;我国金融脆弱性整体情况有明显的上升趋势,2007年脆弱程度最高。     

全球金融危机对日本科技发展的影响

如果全球经济呈L形衰退，使日本经济出现长期负增长或严重低迷，则必将对日本依靠科技创新形成新的增长点的战略，造成不利影响。无论政府还是企业的科技投入，都将向重点方向和领域倾斜与集中，而未被列入重点领域、重点计划的研究开发，更加难以得到支持。长此以往，必将殃及创新人才的培养与创新知识的积累，许多创新萌芽将可能被扼杀于襁褓之中。