共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Roy Brouwer Thijs Dekker John Rolfe Jill Windle 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2010,46(1):93-109
The main objective of this study is to examine how repeated choice affects preference learning in stated preference experiments.
We test different hypotheses related to preference learning by analyzing response patterns and asking respondents in a choice
experiment to report their experienced certainty when going through the choice tasks. In a split-sample test, we show that
follow-up choice certainty questions are procedural invariant. The self-reported certainty results indicate that learning
occurs, but econometric testing procedures do not identify any significant impact of learning effects on parameter estimates
or variance across choice tasks. Additional tests of choice consistency suggest that preferences in the choice experiment
are stable and coherent. 相似文献
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We propose an abstract method of systematically assigning a “rational” ranking to non-rationalizable choice data. Our main idea is that any method of ascribing welfare to an individual as a function of choice is subjective, and depends on the economist undertaking the analysis. We provide a simple example of the type of exercise we propose. Namely, we define an individual welfare functional as a mapping from stochastic choice functions into weak orders. A stochastic choice function (or choice distribution) gives the empirical frequency of choices for any possible opportunity set (framing factors may also be incorporated into the model). We require that for any two alternatives x and y, if our individual welfare functional recommends x over y given two distinct choice distributions, then it also recommends x over y for any mixture of the two choice distributions. Together with some mild technical requirements, such an individual welfare functional must weight every opportunity set and assign a utility to each alternative x which is the sum across all opportunity sets of the weighted probability of x being chosen from the set. It therefore requires us to have a “prior view” about how important or representative a choice of x at a given situation is. 相似文献
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Occupational Choice and Dynamic Incentives 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Maitreesh Ghatak Massimo Morelli & Tomas Sjöström 《The Review of economic studies》2001,68(4):781-810
We study an overlapping generations version of the principal-agent problem, where incentive contracts are determined in general equilibrium. All individuals are workers when young, but have a choice between becoming entrepreneurs or remaining workers when old. Imperfections in the credit market give rise to rents in entrepreneurial activities involving capital. These rents motivate poor young agents to work hard and save to overcome the borrowing constraints. With a labour market that is subject to moral hazard, the increased effort raises social welfare. Policies that reduce credit market imperfections, or redistribute income, may reduce welfare by dampening this effect. 相似文献
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The Review of Austrian Economics - 相似文献
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异质性与跨国公司的战略选择 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
新新贸易理论将公司异质性引入到国际贸易理论中,从微观层面解释了公司国际化的战略选择。但它们通常假定两国是同质的,所以公司国际化的选择仅局限于出IZl贸易和水平型直接投资。本文构建了三国模型,考察了跨国公司的三种战略选择模式。理论研究表明,生产率最高的公司选择水平型直接投资,生产率较高的公司选择出口平台直接投资,生产率较低的公司选择出口贸易,生产率最低的公司只供应国内市场。发达国家的相对工人工资水平越高、发展中国家建厂成本越小,选择出口和水平型直接投资的公司会越少,而选择出口平台的直接投资公司会越多。 相似文献
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This paper considers the links between trade liberalization and technology choice in the nonliberalizing country. Trade‐liberalization‐induced changes in relative product prices have direct effects on equilibrium relative factor returns. The consequent changes in relative input costs may also lead producers to switch to alternative technologies, which will in turn induce a further indirect change in relative factor returns. Will this indirect affect exacerbate or ameliorate the direct effect on relative factor returns? It is found that this depends on the relative cost savings across sectors and factor cost shares. 相似文献
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Geoffrey M. Hodgson 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2010,20(1):1-18
Several leading mainstream economists including Gary Becker have treated habit as serially correlated behaviour resulting
from deliberate choices. This approach puts choice before habit but involves assumptions of extensive memory and decision-making
capacity. By contrast, earlier authors such as William James, John Dewey and Thorstein Veblen saw deliberation and choice
as a contingent outcome of habits, where the latter are defined in terms of acquired dispositions rather than overt behaviour.
The approach of this second group is more consistent with an evolutionary perspective and the limited computational capacities
of the human brain. 相似文献
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V. BhaskarFernando Vega-Redondo 《Journal of Economic Theory》2002,103(2):334-350
We provide a theoretical foundation for the use of Markov strategies in repeated games with asynchronous moves. If admissible strategies must display finite (arbitrarily long) memory and each player incurs a “complexity cost” which depends on the memory length required by her strategy, then every Nash equilibrium must be in Markovian strategies. If, in addition, admissible strategies have uniformly bounded memory, every rationalizable strategy must be Markovian. These results are robust to considerations of perfection and also yield interesting implications for equilibrium selection in simple contexts. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, C73. 相似文献
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Somdeb Lahiri 《Pacific Economic Review》1998,3(2):153-159
The paper provides an axiomatic characterization of the additive choice function using the additivity property. It is seen that, along with Pareto optimality, symmetry, and a supporting line property, the additivity axiom uniquely characterizes the additive choice function. The additive choice function as defined in this paper does not satisfy Nash's assumption of the independence of irrelevant alternatives. This raises the question of when a choice function is representable, an issue addressed in an appendix. 相似文献
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根据知识联盟成员选择与形成的实际过程,将知识联盟成员的选择分为初选和谈判(精选)两个阶段。在综合国外联盟实践经验及影响联盟成败的实证性研究结论的基础上,分析了知识联盟成员初选阶段影响联盟成败的关键变量,以此构建了知识联盟成员初选模型,并依据指标间的相互关系,提出了基于二值变量的初选阶段评价方法。 相似文献
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The Impact of Choice Inconsistencies in Stated Choice Studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kjartan Sælensminde 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2002,23(4):403-420
A new test procedure revealing mutuallyinconsistent choices has been developed andapplied to Stated Choice data. Our analysisshows that inconsistent choices commonly occurin several Stated Choice tasks. An applicationof the test to the Norwegian Value of Timestudy data shows that failing to excludeinconsistent choices resulted in asubstantially higher Value of time. Theinconsistent choices were made by less educatedparticipants. As the tasks were undertaken inthe easy context of choosing travelalternatives with three attributes,practitioners of more complex and cognitivedemanding designs should be particularilyconcerned with these results. 相似文献
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次级经济中心的选择与发展——以重庆直辖市为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选取合适的次级中心,增强中心城市的辐射能力是现实可行的发展路径。对重庆各次级城市的经济发展水平、区位条件和发展环境进行综合评价,可以把万州、涪陵和永川确定为重庆市的次级中心城市。各次级中心城市应根据国家两部和重庆发展战略,及时调整完善发展方向和产业定位,主动接受重庆的辐射。 相似文献
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准确把掌握细分市场上消费者的需求和选择偏好是企业获取较好市场回报的关键.本文以访谈和调查问卷的数据信息为基础,针对消费者个体特征方面的多个因素变量,运用离散选择模型,研究对液态奶制品的某个特征因素作为首选因素的影响分析.同时,针对消费者某一特征因素对液态奶的多个特征因素的选择偏好的影响,给出了基于Logit模型和SPSS软件的统计分析和合理解释.通过对液体奶制品消费者的个体特征和选择液态奶的某一特定因素为首选因素的关系分析,以及顾客选择偏好方面的探讨,为我国液态奶制品供应链在目标市场的选择方面提供了一些启示. 相似文献
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学生和家庭自由选择学校是受教育权利题中应有之义。义务教育阶段“依法实 行就近入学”的规定不仅使择校成为“非法”,而且使择校和一系列不良社会 问题联系在一起,形成一个所谓“择校问题”。关注儿童少年就近入学的权利 应把目光投向农村。在大中城市,择校和就近入学并不一定形成对立。因此, 处理“择校问题”的正确路向应是进行基础教育体制创新。在体制创新过程中 应充分尊重和发挥基层的主动性、创造性,同时美、英等国在新一轮基础教育 改革中,扩大学生和家庭选择学校的权利、将市场竞争机制引入公立学校系统 等做法和思路应该能给我们很多启示。 相似文献
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就业再选择与劳动力市场效率 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文认为就业再选择是劳动力市场的基本特征。通过就业再选择使企业内部劳动力市场与外部劳动力市场连接在一起而成为一个整体。劳动者进行就业再选择的频度和难易程度,决定企业内外劳动力市场一体化的程度和劳动力市场的效率水平。因此,企业的人力资源管理,则必须摆脱“员工属于组织”的传统观念,以员工的就业再选择为出发点,并且,促进劳动者进行就业再选择才是建立健全劳动力市场机制的根本途径。 相似文献
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We study the infinite‐horizon model of household portfolio choice under liquidity constraints and revisit the portfolio specialization puzzle. We show why the puzzle is robust to several model variations, and argue that positive correlation between earnings shocks and stock returns is unlikely to provide an empirically plausible resolution. We find that relatively small fixed costs for stock market entry are sufficient to deter stockholding because, for a plausible range of parameter values, households can achieve desired consumption smoothing with small or zero holdings of stocks. Such costs could arise from informational considerations, sign‐up fees, and investor inertia. 相似文献