要素替代弹性、有偏技术进步对我国工业能源强度的影响

从要素替代弹性和有偏技术进步视角分析我国工业能源强度,通过采用标准化供给面系统方法,对1994~2008年工业行业数据进行实证估计,确定不同类型行业资本、能源与劳动的嵌套CES生产函数结构。结果表明,多数行业的技术进步是资本、能源偏向型技术进步,这是因为在多数行业内,资本和能源表现为互补关系。在此基础之上,进一步分析有效资本、有效能源和有效劳动在特定要素替代弹性条件下,通过影响能源份额进而影响能源强度的作用机制,并利用工业行业数据刻画这3种有效要素对能源强度的动态影响。     

技术进步偏向定义及其测度

本文基于CES生产函数,从技术进步偏向的定义出发,概念上厘清增强型、偏向型、节约型技术进步的区别和联系,比较希克斯偏向型技术进步和哈罗德技术进步的异同点,并利用中国1978-2008年的时间序列数据估算要素替代弹性、要素增强型技术进步和偏向型技术进步。结果表明：资本与劳动的替代弹性小于1,技术进步方向总体上是资本偏向型的。研究说明选择怎样的技术进步偏向和速度对于中国至关重要,它是增长与分配的平衡器。     

有偏技术进步下要素替代增长效应研究

本文将有偏技术进步引入标准化CES生产函数测算了全球71个国家或地区的资本-劳动替代弹性,并选择效果显著的国家或地区样本对要素替代增长效应进行实证分析。研究发现：各国资本-劳动要素替代弹性引致技术进步偏向呈现差异化;要素替代弹性的提高对经济增长产生了积极的促进作用,其中发展中国家较发达国家或地区的增长效应更为显著。因此,未来中国应不断探寻要素替代增长效应的内在传导机制,进一步推进要素、产业以及增长动力等结构性改革。     

重点行业资本配置扭曲对中国全要素生产率的影响

本文基于线性规划,建立重点行业间的资本要素优化模型,通过估算各重点行业的资本存量、劳动力人力资本及其产出弹性,得到各行业优化后的资本配置量和总产出,最后运用基于Fre-Primont指数的DEA方法测算各行业资本配置优化前后全要素生产率的变化。研究发现：重点行业间资本投入过度与资本投入不足现象并存,其中房地产业、交通运输仓储和邮政业以及水利环境和公共设施管理业资本要素投入过度,批发和零售业、制造业以及建筑业资本投入不足;矫正各行业资本要素配置扭曲后行业总产出和全要素生产率明显增大;矫正资本要素配置扭曲可以通过提高剩余混合效率进而提高全要素生产率效率,最终实现提高全要素生产率。     

中国经济增长动力分解：有偏技术进步与要素投入增长

研究目标：从有偏技术进步和要素投入增长视角分解中国经济增长动力。研究方法：基于标准化供给面系统方法对中国1978~2015年的要素增强型CES生产函数进行估计,并扩展Solow增长核算方程重构中国经济增长动力分解框架。研究发现：国内研究在技术进步偏向识别、生产函数参数设定及估计方法应用方面存在部分偏误;修正偏误后本文发现考察期内有偏技术进步对于中国经济增长的动力支持总体强于要素投入增长,且有偏技术进步和要素投入增长内部发生了明显的动力转换;中国经济增速近期下滑主要由资本增强型技术进步减缓、资本累积速度下降和人口红利消失引致。研究创新：基于多种要素替代关系、市场假设和技术进步率框架,对中国要素替代弹性、有偏技术进步进行全面再评估,通过打开技术进步率的“黑箱”进一步分解中国经济增长动力。研究价值：为有偏技术进步识别和经济增长动力分解提供可靠框架。     

中间产品贸易对劳动力工资差距的影响--基于制造业面板数据的经验研究

院文章采用静态面板模型和动态面板模型,既分析了中间产品贸易对我国制造业整体高技能劳动力工资份额的影响,也考察了中间产品贸易对基于要素密集度特征的分部门高技能劳动力工资份额的影响.结果表明从总体来说,中间产品贸易会拉大我国制造业整体高技能劳动力与低技能劳动力的工资差距.分部门来看,中间产品贸易对劳动和资源密集型部门高技能劳动力与低技能劳动力工资差距的正向影响要大于对资本和技术密集型部门的正向影响.     

中国工业行业资本-劳动替代弹性估计及影响因素研究

基于超越对数生产函数的随机前沿模型估计2001—2015年中国工业行业的资本-劳动替代弹性,并对其影响因素进行分析,结果表明：劳动密集型行业的资本-劳动替代弹性普遍高于技术密集型行业,而后者又普遍高于资本密集型行业;行业开放程度、研发密度、产权属性、资本-劳动比、资产负债率、《劳动合同法》实施以及金融危机等因素都会影响资本-劳动替代弹性。     

技术进步偏向及其形式的收入分配效应研究

结合CES生产函数构建相对劳动收入份额与技术进步偏向的理论模型,利用全国时间序列、省际面板数据测算技术进步偏向,并估计不同形式的技术进步对相对劳动收入份额的影响。研究发现:我国技术进步整体呈资本偏向,不同形式的技术进步偏向具有差异性;其中,自主创新和技术引进两种形式呈现资本偏向,模仿创新形式呈劳动偏向;不同技术进步形式的收入分配效应具有阶段性差异,自主创新和技术引进有利于资本相对收入份额的提高,模仿创新有利于劳动相对收入份额的提高;自主创新的收入分配效应逐渐显著,技术引进和模仿创新的收入分配效应逐渐弱化。     

超越对数函数要素替代弹性公式修正与估计方法比较

对超越对数函数要素替代弹性估计方法进行专门研究,修正了超越对数生产函数要素替代弹性公式错误,梳理超越对数成本函数各类替代弹性定义,综合考虑数据易得性、估计可靠性、定义合意性以判定各类估计方法的相对优劣。研究发现,受困于共线性难题,基于超越对数生产函数计算替代弹性效果不佳;基于超越对数成本函数计算替代弹性更具优势,影子替代弹性凭借出色的理论性质与强稳健性成为首选。     

我国制造业技能溢价动态演变及其启示

本文估算了1999-2016年期间我国制造业分行业劳动力技能结构及技能溢价的动态变化,结果表明:制造业高技能劳动力数量占比和报酬占比均呈现明显的上升态势,尤其是2010年后上升趋势更加明显,且资本密集型行业显著高于劳动密集型行业;劳动力技能溢价则在2004年达到最大,此后逐渐下降,说明制造业高技能劳动力的供给增速高于需求的增速,"新人口红利"正在逐渐形成,其中劳动密集型行业的技能溢价在样本期间一直低于资本密集型行业。为加速实现"中国制造"迈向"中国创造",未来尚需大力培养适应"中国创造"的高技能人才,并积极完善工资的市场化决定机制,同时还要预防技能偏向型技术进步对技能溢价的拉高作用可能导致劳动者收入差距扩大。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。