A Consideration of Telecommunications Market Structure in the Presence of Municipal Provision: The Case of US Cities

We consider the effect of government-owned telecommunications providers on privately owned rivals by comparing the presence of private telecommunications services providers alongside municipal competitors in the US telecommunications industry from 1999 through 2002. Our primary finding is that the presence of a municipal provider is negatively correlated with a city’s having private providers. However, the marginal effects indicate that the effect of municipal competition on private provision is largely concentrated on the first entrant, suggesting cities may choose to provide telecommunications services in areas with inadequate demand to support private provision.     

市场制度的价值取向与经济结构的市场调整

本文试图说明,在现有的生产技术条件下,市场制度应体现什么样的价值取向,才能通过市场调整出合理的经济结构。文中通过模型对中国经济的产业结构、所有制结构以及产业结构和所有制结构之间的互动影响进行实证分析,发现从产业结构或所有制结构单方面地对经济结构进行调整,都无法使经济结构达到一种合理的状态。并且通过市场调整经济结构时,市场制度的价值取向将起到关键的作用。比较分析不同的市场制度价值取向下市场对经济结构的调整发现,只有当经济中形成一种国有经济不与民(资本和劳动)争利的制度环境,并且制度的价值取向侧重于保护资本利益,但同时兼顾劳动利益时,市场才能调整出合理的经济结构。     

Telecommunications in Canada: The regulatory crisis

The article highlights the need for a national dimension in Canada's telecommunications systems. But the national dimension is undermined by the country's haphazard regulatory structure, and the consequent barriers to fair and equitable access to telecommunications services. A solution is proposed in the form of a national regulatory body which, without constitutional rearrangement, would yield effective federal authority and simultaneously ensure that valid concerns of a local or intraprovincial nature are taken into account.     

Telecommunications in China

Recently, a ten-man delegation of the United States' IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) visited the People's Republic of China, at the invitation of the Chinese Electronics Society. It was the first formal visit arranged under the auspices of these two organizations. The delegation represented wide-ranging interests in telecommunications, computer technology and engineering education. This report reflects one delegation member's observations in the field of telecommunications.     

中国产业发展的市场结构选择

市场结构范式既是微观经济学的基础学术问题，也是产业经济学的一个实用经济问题。它不仅涉及市场经济条件下的企业制度设计。而且与工业社会的宏观经济政策紧密相关。由于具有一定的规模性和竞争性。寡头垄断被认定为市场结构的高效率范式和中国产业结构调整的终极目标。事实上，中国产业发展的市场结构模式只是市场结构范式的具体运用，它必须满足规模效益、竞争性、公司治理、社会有效购买力、在国际经济体系中的获利能力等多方面的要求。由于可以通过充分的信息披露措施、（对经营权的）充分竞争措施和配额投资措施把完全垄断的市场结构改造为完美无缺的市场结构范式。因此。完全垄断的市场结构毫无疑问应该是中国产业市场结构调整的理想归属和最后归属。     

The Effects of Taxes and Advertising Restrictions on the Market Structure of the U.S. Cigarette Market

A dynamic oligopoly model of the cigarette industry is developed to study the effects of anti-smoking policies on the market structure of the U.S. cigarette industry. Firms are modeled as competing in price and advertising in a dynamic game. Two commonly used anti-smoking policies – advertising restrictions and tobacco tax increases – are evaluated using calibrated parameters. The simulation results show that in the long run both advertising restrictions and tax increases can successfully reduce the smoking rate. However, advertising restrictions reduce the smoking rate mainly in an indirect way through their impact on the concentration of the market, while tax increases reduce the smoking rate directly and have little effect on the concentration of the market. In addition, in the short run, advertising restrictions have a much smaller effect on reducing the smoking rate than tax increases.     

山东省入境旅游市场结构与竞争态势研究

为了对山东省入境旅游市场有客观全面的把握,本文对山东省入境旅游的年际变化、市场结构以及竞争态势进行分析,通过综合分析,认为山东省入境旅游发展潜力巨大。在分析的基础上,对山东省入境旅游的市场开拓提出一些政策性建议。     

Telecommunications in developing countries

The conditions in which telecommunication services are established and expanded in the developing countries are very different from those experienced in the industrial nations. The author provides insight into the peculiarities of the telecommunication sector in developing countries, discussing characteristics related to the structure of the sector, system size and quality, telecommunications as a business, limitations to faster growth, and some particular problem areas, including the impact on economic development, especially in rural areas, training and education directed towards high technical and managerial positions, and the manufacture of equipment.     

南京市房建工程交易市场结构及温饱度分析

文章旨在考察南京房建工程交易市场的市场结构与企业温饱度情况.利用南京市房建工程交易市场的交易数据,从市场供需、市场集中度、各资质级别企业比例结构三个方面分析了交易市场结构.根据有关规定和相应的假设,推算了企业市场规模基本额,并在此基础上分析了各资质等级企业群的市场温饱度.分析结果表明,南京房建工程交易市场是一个集中度较低,供求关系不平衡,各资质等级企业比例结构不合理的市场结构;交易市场中各资质等级企业群的市场温饱度偏低.     

Telecommunications and energy policy

As the energy problems of the West continue, an increasing amount of attention is focused on methods of energy conservation. The authors develop an ‘activist’ view of the role of telecommunications as a component of energy-conservation policy. Advanced telecommunications offer an alternative to many forms of travel. The results of research aimed at quantifying and comparing the direct energy consumption of travel and telecommunications are presented. Telecommunications developments can induce changes in business organisation, transport, urban development, and environmental quality, as well as increased freedom of location. The authors consider whether such changes are feasible and desirable.     

中国市场结构和市场绩效关系实证研究--从消费者角度识别两者的关系

本文利用我国44个行业中的367家企业共计103616位消费者的满意度数据，以及这44个行业的产业集中度数据，通过结构方程模型，实证研究了我国市场结构和市场绩效之间的关系。研究结果表明，与美国等西方国家不同，处于市场经济条件下转型过程中的中国市场，主要是市场绩效决定市场结构，而不是市场结构决定市场效率。     

Telecommunications: implications for women

Telecommunications offer benefits to women in their changing work roles, such as helping working mothers by providing more flexible schedules and facilitating the establishment of child-care, reducing the need for relocation and/or separation of members of dual- career families, and easing discomfort of male-female work interactions by helping to depersonalise the working environment. While discussion focuses on the implications for women, many of the benefits already apply to men and will become even more applicable as men take more active roles in their families and engage in more leisure-time activities.     

Advertising, Its Determinants, and Market Structure

This study derives a formal model of firm advertising behavior and applies it to the industry level to figure out the relationship between advertising and market structure. The firm advertising model shows that both consumer preference andfirm-specific advertising competence jointly determineprofit-maximizing advertising intensity. At the industry level, advertising intensity is represented multiplicatively by consumer preference and a measure of market structure, which reflects the joint distribution of the levels of advertising competence and market shares among firms. The new market structure measure suggests that those single-dimensional measures of market structure such as seller concentration and the Herfindahl index are inadequate in explaining interindustry differences in advertising intensity, and that the long-debated advertising-concentration relationship differs depending primarily on the appropriability of advertising. An empirical analysis of 426 five-digit Korean manufacturing industries shows that an inverted U-shaped relationship between the Herfindahl index and industry advertising intensity is observed for consumer goods industries but a lazy J-shaped relationship for producer goods industries.     

Telecommunications pricing and consumer expectations : The case of alternate operator services

Traditional discussions of telecommunications pricing utilize microeconomic models that are often timeless. In reality, static models of price-based decision making in telecommunications do not capture an important reality: that the price feedback is substantially delayed. Since consumers have no immediate feedback on which to base rational decisions, they must utilize their expectations of price. This article analyses the implications of this, using the alternate operator services as a discussion case. This analysis shows that few alternatives beyond price regulation exist to resolve the rampant complaints in this industry.     

市场结构范式的标准与构建措施

市场结构理论是整个经济学的构筑要件与基础。在熊彼特淋淳尽致地批驳了完全竞争模式的子虚乌有和容易感染经济萧条的霉菌的特点以后，各种市场结构模式的缺陷暴露无遗，经济研究进入了无所适从的艰难时期，经济实践也陷入了盲人瞎马的混乱局面和夜半临池的危险境地。所以，建设市场结构范式是经济学的当务之急。本文试图通过一系列的反垄断把垄断改造成为市场结构范式。     

The European Framework for Regulating Telecommunications: A 25-year Appraisal

Review of Industrial Organization - The European telecommunications sector has been radically transformed in the past 25 years: from a group of state monopolies to a set of increasingly...