开放经济条件下的中国货币政策

更加浮动的汇率制度对中国货币政策和实际经济会有什么影响？通过建立一个统一的模型分析基于不同目标的中央银行的最优货币政策以及利用一个附加汇率项的前瞻型Taylor规则进行实证检验发现，货币政策制定者在面临开放经济条件下国内外最优分配资源的权衡时，浮动汇率制成为要实行稳定国内经济并能有效应对国内外冲击的独立和内向型货币政策的最优选择。     

最优货币政策反应与汇率波动——基于冲击分解的视角

本文将汇率引入封闭宏观经济模型,进而推导出开放宏观经济条件下的汇率波动分解模型。研究表明:一是通过文献梳理发现有必要对汇率冲击进行分解,基于冲击分解的模型能够更好地刻画经济现象;二是在分解的基础上,采用联立方程模型对最优货币政策反应与汇率波动之间关系进行实证研究,表明央行的最优货币政策反应取决于汇率变动的来源。当实体经济因素导致汇率升值时,最优货币政策反应是提高利率;当资本市场因素导致汇率升值时,最优货币政策反应是降低利率。     

国际货币、汇率传递与货币政策北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文拓展了开放经济中的货币政策模型,在引入国际货币和不完全汇率传递的框架下重点考察了最优货币政策问题。研究表明最优货币政策不仅取决于国际货币的比重,而且还受到汇率传递程度、经济开放度、货币需求弹性等多种因素的影响。国际货币份额的下降和汇率传递程度的上升都能提高宏观政策调控的有效性,从而改善纳什均衡的福利水平;然而国际货币的存在和不完全汇率传递却可以为两国的货币政策合作提供更多的福利改进空间。     

开放经济下中国货币政策操作规范研究北大核心CSSCISSCI

货币政策有相机抉择和按规则行事两种操作规范。本文先对开放经济下中国货币政策的规则性成分和相机抉择性成分进行了分离,再利用Cholesky方差分解方法,确定了我国货币政策操作中影响经济波动的主要成分,结果显示,开放经济下中国货币政策操作以相机抉择性成分为主。最后,本文对中国的货币政策进行了动态模拟,发现规则型货币政策可以大大减小我国开放经济下真实GDP增长率、通货膨胀率及人民币名义有效汇率的波动。因此,本文建议开放经济下中国货币政策应尽快向规则型货币政策操作转型。     

全局最优视角下的货币政策国际协调北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文在两国博弈模型的基础上,对国际货币体系中不同影响力的大型开放经济体之间是否合作的福利进行比较分析。研究表明,一国货币当局进行货币政策国际协调可使本国通胀达到最优的水平,得到的本国福利好于斯塔克伯格博弈的结果,因此货币政策国际协调具有必要性。在此背景下,货币政策国际协调表现为大型开放经济体货币当局在货币政策决策中,基于全局最优视角将其他大型开放经济体货币政策对本国带来的外部性纳入考量。     

经济不确定性与最优财政货币政策选择北大核心CSSCI

经济不确定性下,政府如何选择最优的财政货币政策来应对?本文基于新凯恩斯动态随机一般均衡模型,分析了多种财政货币政策组合下技术不确定性的宏观效应。研究发现:第一,无论实行何种货币政策目标和财政政策,价格型货币政策比数量型货币政策更有效,更适合应对经济不确定性冲击可能引起的经济波动。第二,从经济不确定性冲击的效应和持续时间上看,价格型货币政策和遵循支出规则的财政政策组合最优。第三,从社会福利损失角度来看,在应对经济不确定性方面,通货膨胀目标制下的价格型货币政策和遵循支出规则的财政政策是最优组合。     

开放经济条件下货币政策效应的实证分析

在开放经济条件下,一个国家或地区的总需求和总供给与国际经济形成一种紧密的关系,从而使货币政策环境发生了根本变化。本文分析了开放经济条件下货币政策的效应,运用一个简化的开放经济条件下的宏观经济模型,验证了货币政策对产出和物价水平不同的影响效果;其影响程度依赖于经济开放度,经济开放度越大,货币政策对产出的影响越小,而对物价的影响越大。     

开放经济条件下中国的最优货币政策规则——基于DSGE模型的模拟分析北大核心CSSCI

本文通过建立开放经济DSGE模型,对比分析国内外冲击下不同货币政策对应的经济波动方式和社会福利损失,并构建"经济波动相关性指数"对中国货币政策的实施情况进行经验分析。主要结论包括:首先,无论是在国内冲击还是国外冲击下,理论上都存在着同一种最优货币政策,且不同货币政策的福利效果有所差别;其次,从全样本时段来看,设定中国实施的货币政策为盯住汇率制时相关性指数经验值最高,但分样本时段的研究显示中国货币政策的实施存在一定的时变性,体现相机抉择的特点。     

开放经济视角下的货币政策效果探析

在开放经济条件下,国内外主要宏观经济变量之间存在很大的依存关系,也成为制约一国货币政策效果的重要因素。文章从汇率、溢出效应两个方面分析了开放经济条件下货币政策的效果,从而得出了中央银行无法左右国际经济因素的影响,其实施货币政策的难度在加大,因而货币政策效果趋于弱化的结论。     

中国货币政策和汇率政策冲突的起因及协调管理探析

本文首先从开放经济下中国资本管制的无效、中国货币汇率传导的失灵、中国固定汇率制与货币供应量的内在冲突这三个角度阐述了开放经济下中国货币政策和汇率政策冲突产生的起因,然后分析了我国对货币政策和汇率政策冲突所进行的协调管理及其效果。据此,本文最后给出了管理开放经济下中国货币政策和汇率政策冲突的途径和方向。     

Real Sector Shocks and Monetary Policy Responses in a Financially Vulnerable Emerging Economy

When analyzing the appropriate response for monetary policy during a currency crisis, it is important to keep in mind two distinct channels: the effect of raising interest rates on exchange rates and the direct effect of exchange rate changes on output. The first pertains to the monetary side of the economy as given by the interest parity condition. The second pertains to the real side of the economy. The interaction between these two parts of the economy derives the equilibrium output and exchange rate in the economy. This paper expands on the Aghion et al. (2000) monetary model with nominal rigidities and foreign currency debt, to examine the interaction between the real and monetary sides of the economy and to analyze the effect of monetary policy on the real economy. We find that the effect of monetary policy on exchange rate and output is theoretically ambiguous. This in turn suggests that the appropriate monetary policy response could vary among countries at any point in time, or for a particular country between two different periods.     

Inventories and optimal monetary policy in a small open economy

We study how inventory investment affects the design of optimal monetary policy in a New Keynesian small open economy model. We find that under producer currency pricing, when the intratemporal elasticity of substitution is smaller than 1, optimal monetary policy in our model with inventories is similar to a standard model without inventories. However, when the intratemporal elasticity of substitution is larger than 1, inventory investment increases the importance of nominal exchange rate stabilization relative to a standard model without inventories. The importance of nominal exchange rate stabilization increases with the intratemporal elasticity of substitution.     

金融开放条件下利率改革和汇率改革的协同效应分析

在金融开放条件下,汇率、利率与套利资本流动存在着内在联系,我国在进行汇率制度改革、货币政策改革与金融市场改革时,应注意三者协调发展和整体平衡,寻求利率政策与汇率政策之间的最佳政策组合,发挥利率改革和汇率改革的协同效应。为发挥金融改革协同效应,必须注重货币政策工具改革之间协调与配合,增强利率汇率的联动机制,积极推进与利率市场化相协调的汇率市场化形成机制,从而推动货币内外均衡进程。     

Optimal Monetary Policy in a Small Open Economy with Home Bias

We analyze optimal monetary policy in a small open economy characterized by home bias in consumption. Peculiar to our framework is the application of a Ramsey-type analysis to a model of the recent open-economy New Keynesian literature. We show that home bias in consumption is a sufficient condition for inducing the monetary policymaker of an open economy to deviate from a strategy of strict markup stabilization and contemplate some (optimal) degree of exchange rate stabilization. We focus on the optimal setting of policy both in the case of firms setting prices one period in advance and in a gradual fashion subject to adjustment costs. While the first setup allows us to analytically highlight home bias as an independent source of equilibrium markup variability, the second setup allows to study the effects of future expectations on the optimal policy problem and the effect of home bias on optimal inflation volatility. The latter, in particular, is shown to be related to the degree of trade openness in a U-shaped fashion, whereas exchange rate volatility is monotonically decreasing in openness.     

Consumer Search,Incomplete Exchange Rate Pass‐Through,and Optimal Interest Rate Policy

This paper studies utility‐maximizing monetary policy in a two‐country economy with consumer search frictions. Search frictions provide a microfoundation for incomplete exchange rate pass‐through and international deviations from the law of one price (LOP). I show that optimal interest rate policy targets deviations from the LOP and acts to mitigate the effect of search frictions. In a quantitative setting, with internationally correlated technology and preference shocks, optimal policy generates positive cross‐country correlation of nominal interest rates.     

Optimal monetary growth with accommodating fiscal policy in a small open economy

This paper emphasizes how the choice of the optimal monetary growth rate in a small open economy under perfect capital mobility depends upon the accommodating policy chosen to maintain the overall budget constraint in the economy. When this occurs through lump sum taxation, the optimal monetary growth rate is shown to be the ‘distorted’ Friedman monetary rule. If the adjustment occurs through the income tax rate, the optimal monetary growth rate involves a Phelps-type tradeoff between the income tax rate and the inflation tax rate. The framework is suited for analyzing optimal macroeconomic policy in general and the latter part of the paper considers an optimal monetary-fiscal package.     

World food prices and monetary policy

How should monetary policy respond to large fluctuations in world food prices? We study this question in an open economy model in which imported food has a larger weight in domestic consumption than abroad and international risk sharing can be imperfect. A key novelty is that the real exchange rate and the terms of trade can move in opposite directions in response to world food price shocks. This exacerbates the policy trade-off between stabilizing output prices vis a vis the real exchange rate, to an extent that depends on risk sharing and the price elasticity of exports. We characterize implications for dynamics, optimal monetary policy, and the relative performance of practical monetary rules. While CPI targeting and expected CPI targeting can dominate PPI targeting if international risk sharing is perfect, even seemingly mild departures from the latter make PPI targeting a winner.     

Expectations,the exchange rate,and the current account

A critical examination is undertaken of the relationship between the exchange rate and the current account in a small open economy. Theoretically, the correlation between the exchange rate and the current account seems to be ambiguous. In particular, the association between movements in the exchange rate and the current account is likely to depend in an essential manner on the nature of exogenous disturbances affecting the two variables simultaneously. Lastly, the question of the role of an optimal monetary policy and the choice of an exchange rate regime in an uncertain environment is raised.     

Monetary Policy, Determinacy, and Learnability in a Two-Block World Economy

We study how determinacy and learnability of worldwide rational expectations equilibrium may be affected by monetary policy in a simple, two-country, New Keynesian framework under both fixed and flexible exchange rates. We find that open economy considerations may alter conditions for determinacy and learnability relative to closed economy analyses and that new concerns can arise in the analysis of classic topics such as the desirability of exchange rate targeting and monetary policy cooperation.