渔业行业协会的地位和作用

本文通过分析行业协会的地位和作用以及政府、市场和行业协会之间的关系,阐释了渔业行业协会在我国渔业管理中的地位和作用,并针对我国渔业行业协会的发展现状和存在的问题,提出了促进我国渔业行业协会发展的几点建议。     

我国渔业行业协会的现状与发展研究

本文在分析我国渔业行业协会产生背景的基础上，介绍了我国渔业行业协会的发展状况，分析了目前发展中存在的问题，并针对形成这些问题的原因提出了我国渔业行业协会发展的思路与建议.     

RSCP框架下我国渔业市场竞争力研究

渔业资源与渔业生态环境属于公共物品,渔业市场存在负外部性,市场失灵理论对传统的SCP产业分析框架提出了新的要求.本文构造了RSCP分析框架,从政府规制、市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效的角度对我国渔业市场竞争力进行了具体分析,并得出了相关结论,继而进一步探讨了提高我国渔业市场竞争力的措施:完善渔业管理制度,提高水产品质量安全,增强科技创新能力,实施品牌战略,加强渔业行业协会建设等.     

我国渔业产业结构优化研究

本文利用灰色关联法分析了我国渔业三大产业发展对渔业发展的贡献。当前,第一产业仍然是我国渔业发展的主要推动力量,二三产业发展有待提升。渔业三个产业内存在种种制约产业结构升级的原因,如品种结构层次低、组织结构低、行业发展质量低等。针对问题,本文提出促进渔业结构优化的一系列对策：控制捕捞强度,合理调整养殖结构,加快发展水产品精深加工,大力发展休闲渔业,发展渔业行业协会等。     

江苏省渔业中介组织发展迅速

近年来，江苏省将加快发展渔业行业协会和合作经济组织作为推进渔业产业化经营的重要措施来抓，自2003年成立渔业协会以来，又先后成立渔业协会蟹业分会与贝类分会、省紫菜协会、省珍珠协会等省级渔业行业协会。目前，全省渔业中介组织达到900多个，水产经纪人达到4万多名，涌现了一大批年经销额超千万元的经纪人大户。     

社会资本视角下的渔业行业协会

社会资本理论认为,社会资本是存在于社会关系中的一种隐性资源.这一理论为解释渔业管理问题提供了崭新的视角,为解决渔业特别是海洋捕捞业中普遍存在的集体行动困境提供了思路.本文首先介绍了社会资本理论,然后重点从分布、特性和发展三个方面对我国社会资本现状进行了论述,在此基础上,分析了我国渔村的社会资本,提出构建渔业行业协会是重建我国渔村社会资本、解决我国海洋捕捞业当前面临的诸多问题的一种理性选择.     

国外行业协会的发展模式

国外行业协会组织 国外行业协会组织历史悠久,早在17-18世纪的西欧就已出现了世界上最早的行业协会,像渔业、手工业、畜牧业、纺织业、陶瓷业协会等。那时候经济落后,人们自愿和自动建立起行业协会是为了有难共分担,有利同分享。     

2019首届中国智慧渔业发展论坛在合肥举办

<正>日前,2019首届中国智慧渔业发展论坛在合肥举办。论坛以"智慧兴渔绿色发展"为主题,总结探讨智慧渔业和渔业智能装备的发展现状与未来机遇。此次论坛由中国渔业协会主办,中国渔业协会智慧渔业分会和中国水产养殖网联合承办,安徽省水产技术推广总站、安徽省水产学会、江苏省水产学会、安徽省渔业协会、广东省饲料行业协会、广西渔业协会、中国渔业协会各分会协办,由     

政府+协会+企业+专家共商水产品品牌发展大计——2015中国水产品品牌大会成功举办

<正>由农业部市场与经济信息司、渔业渔政管理局和浙江省海洋与渔业局支持,中国水产流通与加工协会和中国农产品市场协会于9月16-17日在浙江舟山召开了"2015中国水产品品牌大会"。农业部及主要渔业省区(市)渔业行政主管部门、国家级农产品产地市场、水产品品牌企业代表、水产品批发市场、行业协会及新闻媒体代表200多人参加了会议。农业部渔业渔政管理局刘新中副巡视员、浙江省舟山市姜建明副市长出席会议并致辞,     

渔业行业协会——重构我国渔村社会资本的理想选择路径

中国渔业管理目前仍存在一些问题,既有体制和政策上的,也有政府和市场方面的.社会资本理论认为,社会资本是存在于社会关系中的一种隐性资源,这一理论为解释渔业管理问题提供了崭新的视角,为解决渔业,特别是海洋捕捞业中普遍存在的集体行动困境提供了思路.文章在分析中国渔业管理存在问题、介绍社会资本理论以及分析中国渔村社会资本的基础上,提出构建渔业行业协会是重建渔村社会资本,解决中国渔业管理当前面临诸多问题的一种理性选择.     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.