地方政府性债务绩效评价体系探析——基于层次分析法

地方政府性债务是一把"双刃剑",为了发挥地方政府性债务在经济发展和社会稳定等方面的积极作用,规避其债务风险,需要对地方政府性债务绩效进行研究. 随着我国地方政府债务规模的不断扩大,正确客观地评价地方政府债务支出绩效,构建相应的绩效评价指标体系并制定防范和改进措施,成为了学者和政府决策人员极为关注的热点问题.孟激等(2011)从"3E"理论出发,以SSM系统分析为基础构建了评价指标体系,该指标体系逐步逐层分析被评价对象的内部功能、发展战略、外部环境与评价目的,构成一个逻辑严密、相对系统的绩效评价指标体系.     

地方政府债务风险预警指标体系的构建--以西安市政府为例

基于西安政府债务管理现状,满足城市需求的改善城市经济基础设施及城市建设资金,构建地方政府债务风险预警指标体系。     

地方政府融资平台债务风险预警模型与实证研究

我国地方政府债务问题正受到广泛关注,而隐藏于融资平台的债务风险将对国家经济安全形成潜在威胁。本文基于对地方政府融资平台债务风险特性的描述,结合融资平台财务指标,构建其债务风险预警指标体系,运用因子分析将其归结为融资平台负债、资产和利润三个方面;进而利用K-均值聚类算法,把融资平台债务风险状态分为四类,并借助BP神经网络建立地方政府融资平台债务"风险阈"预警模型;最后,针对我国地方政府融资平台债务风险实际情况,总结融资平台可持续发展的政策组合。     

地方政府债务风险的预警评价与控制

地方政府债务风险是政府债务风险的重要组成部分,是地方财政风险的集中表现,地方债务风险已经成为威胁我国经济安全与社会稳定的重要因素。我国地方政府债务风险管理中存在财政预算权限划分不清、融资责任主体不明确、缺乏债务管理统一规划、缺乏债务风险预警和监控机制等问题。构建地方政府债务风险预警的模糊评价指标体系和评价方法,以期达到防范和化解地方政府债务风险的目的     

地方政府债务可承受水平测度*--基于期权思想的方法

本文应用基于期权思想的方法对地方政府债务可承受水平进行了测度。首先,定义可偿债资金的计算方法并对其中的地方政府可支配财力和刚性支出进行了计算;其次,应用Bootstrap抽样、核密度估计等方法绘制出可偿债资金的概率分布,根据给定违约概率确定出地方政府债务的理论年金值;最后,在给定利率水平和债务期限的条件下确定了地方政府债务可承受水平的上限,并将这一值与地方政府现实债务水平进行了对比。实证结果表明：在假定1%违约概率的条件下,30个省、市、自治区中,地方政府债务可承受水平超过现实债务值有15个,大部分集中在中西部省份。     

“十二五”时期我国地方政府性债务压力测试研究

"十二五"时期地方政府性债务的风险压力与地方政府存量债务、公共投资的资金需求、地方政府投资能力、中央与地方事权与财力匹配格局以及政府与市场公共投资边界调整等因素密切相关。本研究报告围绕"十一五"时期存量债务影响、公共投资需求、公共投资能力三个方面对"十二五"末债务余额、债务率、偿债率等指标进行定量测算。文章对"十二五"时期我国地方政府债务压力状况,从四种情形分别进行了测算:(1)经济增长视角下债务动态测试;(2)中央与地方支出格局调整债务压力测试;(3)政府与市场边界调整对债务压力测试;(4)养老保险缺口资金显性化债务压力测试。根据测算结果,"十二五"时期我国地方政府性债务风险虽然总体可控,但部分指标揭示出债务压力持续走高,形势不容乐观,有必要多管齐下、疏堵结合,从制度建设、体制机制和政策管理等方面入手,缓解地方政府性债务风险压力。     

分权、地方债务与现代财政改革——基于财政分权不同角度的效应分析

国内理论界普遍认同地方债务内生于财政分权体制,主流观点是收支不平衡引致地方政府支出规模的扩张;反对派支持“利维坦假说”,认为分权可以限制地方政府支出的过度扩大.但分权究竟如何具体作用于地方债务,仍有待深入研究.本文建立了财政分权与地方债务关联的理论框架,从支出、收入和纵向财政不平衡三个角度进行了实证检验.结果表明,分权效应不能一概而论,提高收入分权,降低支出分权,缓解纵向财政不均衡,将有助于减少地方债务.构建现代政府间关系,“五五分成”后亟需增加中央一般性转移支付,严格政府支出管理;同时适度放松收入管理,赋予地方政府有限的税收立法权,构建地方税体系至关重要.     

地方政府债务规模与公共服务水平交互效应研究

本文基于2014—2018年全国273个城市的数据,运用空间联立方程模型对地方政府债务规模与公共服务水平的交互影响进行分析。研究发现,在本地区内,地方政府债务规模与公共服务水平存在交互抑制效应;在邻近城市与本城市之间,地方政府债务规模与公共服务水平存在交互促进效应。分区域回归结果表明,地方政府债务规模与公共服务水平的交互抑制效应存在区域差异。西部地区和中部地区的公共服务水平对地方政府债务规模的抑制效应强度高于东部地区;西部地区和中部地区提升公共服务水平对缓解地方政府债务规模的作用更显著。公共服务支出效率的估计结果显示,提高教育支出效率、市政基础设施支出效率和医疗卫生支出效率可显著促进公共服务水平提升,社会保障与就业支出效率可有效化解地方政府债务风险。本文的研究结论为地方政府进行公共服务供给侧改革,提高财政资源配置效率,促进公共服务水平和财政可持续协同发展提供了研究启示与政策依据。     

我国地方政府债务可持续性的一个综合分析框架

本文首先运用圭多提和库莫提出的资产负债框架,对当前我国地方政府的债务可持续性现状进行了初步的静态评估,然后通过构建以政府收支流量为主要变量的政府债务可持续性动态模型,对实现政府债务可持续性应满足的条件进行了分析,最后从地方政府收入体系的制度性调整与支出行为的制度性调整两个方面,对如何实现我国地方政府债务可持续性,化解地方政府债务风险提出相关的政策建议.     

地方政府债务违约风险传导机制及最优债务置换

建立防范化解地方债务风险长效机制,建立同高质量发展相适应的政府债务管理机制是新时代实现经济高质量发展的必然要求。近期,地方政府债务迎来集中置换期,但在置换中最优比率该如何确定？理论分析层面,本文构建了包含同业拆借市场的异质性商业银行的三期模型,分析地方政府债务违约风险向商业银行流动性风险转移的传导机制。地方政府债务违约减少了商业银行的流动性,推高短期资金利率,带来了银行的流动性风险和破产风险。债务置换政策能够缓解这种不利影响,然而,过高的债务置换率反而会增加商业银行的流动性风险和破产风险。因此,债务置换政策存在收益与风险的权衡,最优债务置换率应该等于地方政府债务违约率。本文进一步论证了债务置换率的合理区间和地方政府融资能力对债务置换的影响。实证检验层面,本文采用2015—2019年地方政府债务置换数据,运用双向固定效应模型检验了地方政府债务违约可能性对债务置换强度的影响和地方政府融资能力的调节效应,进一步佐证了理论分析,为当前地方政府债务置换工作提供参考和借鉴。     

Distress cost and corporate financing policy: evidence from the equity options market

This study examines the link between distress cost and corporate financing policy through the lens of the equity options market. Four features stand out. First, the cost of distress is comparable to the tax shield from debt financing. Second, the results provide evidence that ordinary least-squares estimates understate the impact of market leverage on default risk. Third, consistent with the information models of debt maturity, firms with higher default probability use more long-term debt. Finally, more distressed firms rely on secured debt to a greater extent. Overall, the results support the trade-off theory of capital structure.     

The inter‐relationship between capital structure and dividend policy: empirical evidence from Jordanian data

The study investigates the under‐researched relationship between capital structure and dividend policy in emerging markets with regard to the Jordanian market. The empirical analysis focuses on the estimation of both single equation models and structure equation models using the reduced form equations to examine the joint determinants of capital structure and dividend policy. The study investigates whether capital structure and dividend policy theories can explain the financial decisions in emerging market such as the Jordanian market. Namely, the study examines agency theory, signalling theory, pecking order theory and bankruptcy theory. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between debt‐to‐asset ratio on the one hand, and asset tangibility, profitability, market‐to‐book, liquidity, firm size, and industry classification on the other hand. Also, there is a negative relationship between debt‐to‐asset ratio and profitability. In addition, there is a positive relationship between dividend payout ratio on the one hand, and profitability, asset tangibility, market‐to‐book and industry classification on the other hand. Finally, the results of the reduced form equations show that capital structure and dividend policy have the following common factors: profitability; asset tangibility; market‐to‐book; industry classification; and limited evidence of institutional ownership. Therefore, the determinants of capital structure and dividend policy in emerging markets such as the Jordanian market share the same set of suggested factors with the developed markets.     

“FH之谜”在省际的应用及其理论解释

用FH方程来解释省际的资本流动状况,通过面板时间序列方法检验发现储蓄率与投资率都是非平稳的,但它们存在协整关系;对FH系数进行估计,得出系数不是很显著,因此认为资本在我国省际具有很高的流动性。这种高流动性是地方政府干预的结果。一方面资本流动对长期经济发展是有利的;另一方面中央政府在晋升考核中对经济绩效非常偏好,使得地方政府倾向于基础设施投资以吸引资本流入。这些因素使得省际有很高的资本流动性。     

Corporate debt and output pricing in developing countries: Industry-level evidence from Turkey

The present study is an application of capital structure theory to developing economies where markets are commonly imperfect. The industry-level data of Turkey is used as a benchmark case to investigate the effects of corporate debt on output pricing, which in return, might have critical implications for stabilization theory. The panel estimations on the major two-digit industries reveal two basic findings. First, short-term debt leads to an increase in output prices while long-term debt has the opposite effect, and short-term but not long-term debt has a cyclical influence on prices. Second, the inflationary effect short-term debt implies a lower capital gain and induces higher prices, while the effect long-term debt implies a higher capital gain and induces lower prices. Given the predominant share of short-term debt in most developing countries, these findings suggest an explanation for inflation inertia on the side of corporate sector.     

One crisis,two crises…the subprime crisis and the European sovereign debt problems

This article explores the link between the subprime crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis. Using a panel data approach, we estimate the impact of the different government interventions aimed at rescuing financial institutions on the significant increase of the costs of public debts as measured by the interest rate spreads with respect to Germany. We show evidence on the existence of a statistically significant link between the two crises embodied by capital injections and government guarantees. More specifically, the two types of government interventions have a negative impact on the cost of the sovereign debts under study. This empirical result can explain why the sovereign debt crisis immediately followed the subprime crisis.     

创业者社会资本与新企业融资工具选择

以社会资本理论为基础,构建模型分析在存在双重道德风险的情况下,创业者社会资本对债务融资与风险资本股权融资两种融资工具选择的影响。研究发现,当创业者有能力选择债务融资或者风险资本两种融资工具时,同时当创业者的社会资本拥有度较高或者较低时,创业者倾向于选择债务融资;而当创业者社会资本拥有度在中等水平时,倾向于选择风险资本股权融资。研究的主要贡献在于,将创业者社会资本纳入到新企业融资工具选择的研究框架之中,深化了新企业融资的研究成果。     

Interactions of the firm's real and financial decisions

This paper provides an integrated approach to the theory of the firm. Under technological uncertainty, corporate taxes, risky debt and risk neutrality it is shown that the firm's investment production and financing decisions are made simultaneously. It is demonstrated that the relationship between optimal capital (or labour) and debt is not strictly negative as in Dotan and Ravid (1982) nor strictly positive as in Hite (1977). The direction of this relationship depends on the characteristics of debt and the characteristics of the firm's production function. Given the simultaneity of the real and financial decisions, it is shown that an interior optimum exists for the firm's value as a function of debt.     

后金融危机时代中国地方债发行模式与风险管理浅析

在中国,地方政府融资渠道的变迁关系到经济增长的速度、金融系统的稳定以及中央与地方的权利配置。2011年底地方自行发债启动,这一方面确认了地方债的合法性,另一方面开始了向地方政府自主发债的过渡。在这一重要的经济制度建立之初,有必要从地方债产生的原因、存在的问题入手,借鉴国外地方债发行模式的经验,深入探讨和研究地方债的风险管理问题,为中国地方债发行的健康发展提供有益参考。     

产险业资本结构与承保风险对获利能力的影响——基于结构方程模型的实证分析

文章以资本结构理论为基础,利用国内产险公司2001～2004年的财务数据,运用结构方程模型探讨产险公司资本结构与承保风险对获利能力的影响。实证结果发现,资本结构的变化对我国产险公司的获利能力有正负两方面的影响,而资本结构与风险之间是相互影响的。当不考虑风险的影响时,资产负债率的提高会增强公司的获利能力,而随着资产负债率的提高,公司承保风险加大,对公司的获利能力有显著的负向影响。因此,产险公司不应一味地通过提高资产负债率来取得短期获利,还应注意控制风险,增强长期获利能力。     

Investment Cycles and Sovereign Debt Overhang

We characterize optimal taxation of foreign capital and optimal sovereign debt policy in a small open economy where the government cannot commit to policy, seeks to insure a risk-averse domestic constituency, and is more impatient than the market. Optimal policy generates long-run cycles in both sovereign debt and foreign direct investment in an environment in which the first best capital stock is a constant. The expected tax on capital endogenously varies with the state of the economy, and investment is distorted by more in recessions than in booms, amplifying the effect of shocks. The government's lack of commitment induces a negative correlation between investment and the stock of government debt, a "debt overhang" effect. Debt relief is never Pareto improving and cannot affect the long-run level of investment. Furthermore, restricting the government to a balanced budget can eliminate the cyclical distortion of investment.