The Global Engineering Consultancy Market

The purpose of this paper is to assess and analyze the size and characteristics of the engineering consultancy market in select Western nations and worldwide. A secondary goal is two-fold: to look briefly at the training required for careers in this field and to evaluate the strategies of the participating firms. This sector has grown in the past half-century to about U.S.$550 billion revenue globally, with nearly 3 million establishments and about 500,000 employees. There are giant, multinational firms that span across regions; but the sector is still highly fragmented, and the top 10 firms have less than 15 percent of the global market share. The typical firm in the industry in most major countries consists of around five or six professional associates. The data problems in analyzing this sector are formidable. The paper offers guidelines to using these statistics. It also describes steps necessary for effective marketing.     

外资服务企业中国市场进入模式的实证研究

我国加入世贸组织以来,服务业已成为吸引外商直接投资的重要领域。本文选取2001年进入上海市的外资服务企业作为样本,采用描述性统计和列联相关分析的方法,对外资服务企业中国市场进入模式的特征进行了实证研究。研究表明,外资服务企业的进入模式选择具有更强烈的独资倾向,并对服务行业类型、经营期限、资本密集度以及文化距离因素对外资服务企业进入模式选择的影响进行了深入分析。     

长三角城市间第三产业的分工定位与协作

随着中国经济的发展,整个长三角地区逐渐成为了世界又一大制造中心,但是就长三角地区生产性服务业的发展来看各城市却参差不齐。长三角服务业和制造业的发展是一个息息相关的整体,制造业需要服务业的支撑,服务业靠制造业"养活"。长三角各城市之间的服务业有着千丝万缕的联系:上海服务业的发展水平最高,但却离不开周边地区服务业的支撑,而周边地区服务业的发展也对上海有一定的依赖。两省一市之间的分工协作会有效地促进地区经济的发展。     

Quality Management: A Key Process in the Service Industries

Project management is a developing area in the service industry, as more unique and customer-tailored services are being developed. This paper presents a benchmarking research study, aimed at improving project planning capabilities in the service industry. Based on data collected from 275 project managers from several industries, including 79 from the service sector, project management strengths and weaknesses within the service industry were investigated. It was found that project managers from the service sector excel in cost and procurement planning processes, compared to project managers from other industries. On the other hand, project managers from the service sector achieve the worst score in quality management processes. Moreover, in the service industry quality management was found to have the most significant impact on project success. Hence, managers in the service sector would benefit from acquiring proper knowledge and techniques relating to quality management in the planning phase of projects. It was also found that the success level of projects performed in the service sector depends most on the qualifications of the project manager. A project manager in the service sector gets very little support from the organisation itself. Support processes should focus on the main weaknesses of the service industry, mainly ‘developing project management procedures’ and ‘increasing the extent of training of their project managers’. The paper presents and analyses strengths and weaknesses of the service industry in project planning and suggests a detailed roadmap for improvement.     

Work force ageing and expanding service sector: a double burden on productivity?

Expansion of the service sector has often been considered as a threat to aggregate productivity. We examine whether work force ageing is a cause of further concern in the service sector, using matched employer–employee data from Finland. The results show hump-shaped relationships between average age of the work force and establishment productivity. The results vary somewhat across different service industries (hotels and restaurants, trade, transportation, and business services). The conclusion is that there is some worry about a double burden from ageing of the work force and expansion of the low-productivity service sector, especially in the labour-intensive, low-skill fields.     

运输服务贸易比较优势的构成及变迁——基于美中两国1992-2008年贸易数据的比较

作为服务贸易一个具体的产业部门,运输服务产业比较优势的测度一般基于国际收支统计数据。本文基于1992-2008年的贸易数据,对美中两国运输服务贸易产业竞争力的指标做了比较分析;并通过美中双边运输服务贸易分项数据,对美中两国在客运服务、货运服务和港口服务三个分部门的比较优势做了深入论述,认为美中两国在运输服务产业内部各具优势、各有分工;对服务贸易产业国际竞争力的测度不能仅仅依靠BOP数据,更应该结合经济发展水平、产业化程度、贸易的自由化进程和要素资源禀赋等综合考虑。     

Foreign ownership and firm performance in German services

This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of foreign-controlled enterprises in the German service sector based on new micro-data from official German statistics. Various performance measures were examined via comparison of unconditional and conditional means and through use of quantile regression techniques. Foreign-controlled affiliates consistently performed better than German-owned affiliates. In contrast, profitability exhibited precisely the opposite trend. Moreover, labour productivity did not significantly differ when the comparison group consisted of domestically owned affiliates with a high degree of internationalization. A breakdown by country of origin showed that European affiliates pay lower wages and export less relative to non-European affiliates, and US firms have no productivity advantage as in manufacturing.     

贸易自由化福利收益模型和我国服务贸易发展的现实选择

通过构建福利收益模型,将服务贸易自由化和货物贸易自由化的收益进行比较,可得出如下结论:服务贸易自由化比货物贸易自由化的收益大。以发展服务贸易为主,实现服务贸易的自由化是贸易自由化发展的高级阶段,但我国目前的服务贸易发展水平还不具备这种条件。针对我国服务贸易及服务业中存在的问题,本文为提高服务贸易竞争力、促进服务贸易自由化提出了相应的政策建议。     

中美制造业服务投入率的比较分析——基于投入产出表的实证研究

文章利用中国1992-2007年以及美国1972-2009年间相关年份的投入产出表进行分析,发现美国制造业、服务业、居民消费、政府消费的服务投入率总体呈稳定增长态势,而中国1992年以来服务业的服务投入率稳定不变,制造业的服务投入率甚至有所下降。这意味着中国服务业增长仍缺少来自于产业尤其是制造业中间需求的强力拉动,这是制约中国服务业尤其是生产服务业发展的重要原因。中国生产服务业的发展政策不仅要扩大供给,更应充分释放和激活国内各产业尤其是制造业对中间服务的需求,以扭转中国在国际产业分工中的不利地位,推进服务业的体制改革以及营造更为良好的市场环境,这应该成为政策制订的着力点。     

Strategic planning using service roadmaps

Although useful service planning tools exist, few focus on how to integrate service planning into business and technology planning from a longer perspective, which is essential for a firm to survive and grow in the current and future service environment. We suggest that technology roadmaps, initially developed as a long-term strategic planning tool in the manufacturing sector, can be a good solution for the service sector – and indeed are in use in the service sector under the label ‘service roadmaps'. To help more firms enjoy the benefits of the service roadmap concept, this research aims to develop a taxonomy of service roadmap forms. We investigate 93 service roadmaps and identify five dominant types. Then, we analyze the characteristics of each type to understand their current and possible future uses. Our research findings are expected to facilitate the wider use of service roadmaps as a complement to existing service planning tools.     

我国服务贸易竞争力评价及影响因素的实证研究

选取1982-2007年的样本数据,在服务贸易竞争力常用指标基础上通过主成分因子分析法构建了我国服务贸易竞争力的综合评价指标,并以此作为回归因变量,借鉴波特的国家竞争优势理论模型,实证研究了影响我国服务贸易竞争力的各种因素。研究结果表明,采用主成分因子分析法构建的竞争力综合评价指标比目前普遍采用服务出口额作为竞争力替代变量的研究方法具有更好的模型回归效果和经济解释意义,最后针对实证模型的回归结果提出了相关的政策建议。     

信息通信技术对服务业“成本病”的影响研究——基于OECD国家生产率的增长核算分析

本文采用增长核算方法对1980-2003年部分OECD国家的服务业和制造业劳动生产率增长进行了贡献率分析。研究结果表明,信息通信技术(ICT)资本加深对服务业劳动生产率增长的贡献率远高于对制造业的贡献率,服务业劳动生产率增长落后于制造业的主要根源在于全要素生产率。ICT不能完全根治"成本病",但可以在一定程度上缓解服务业"成本病"。     

Consuming Publics' Judgment on a Facilitating Service

In recent years the use of quality mcasures has been spreading from product sector to service sector. Service sector is learning as the product sector before it had studiously learnt that thc prerequisite to mending and modifying a service is to measure the perceptual judgments of the consuming publics. While some researchers in the last decade have reported Uleir studies on several services from the business sector, the literature on the quality measures of services from nonprofit organizations partic- ularlv from academic institutions has been undercircumscribed. he author has attempted to fill this void by undertaking a major investigation to measure the quality of several augmented services such as financial assistance programs, computer laboratory facilities, career development centers, etc., offered by an academic institution. Perceptual ratings so obtained were further subjected to statistical operations against some selected characteristics of the users to dis- cern intricate implications for stratcgy development and directions for future research. The present report exclusively focusses on the findings concerning scheduling service as one of the many facilitat- ing services offered by an institution of higher learning.     

Regulatory Rules and Estimating Economic Growth: Two Perspectives on Expensing Employee Stock Options

Business Economics - Government economic statistics generally diverge from statistics based on private sector or regulatory agency data, and they are subject to being updated over time as more tax...     

Peculiarities of public sector clients in service innovations

This paper analyses knowledge-intensive business service firms and their innovation activities in the context of federal government procurement with empirical evidence from Swiss information technology firms. The paper contributes to the growing literature on knowledge-intensive business services by expanding the concept to also capture public sector clients. It focuses in particular on the ways in which having a public sector client influences a knowledge-intensive business service firm’s ability to innovate, opportunities for interactive learning with their clients, and ways in which having a public sector client allows a firm to diversify. The paper shows that having a federal agency as a client is quite different from a private sector client particularly with regard to multi-party systems on the client side, the importance of informal interactions, and the role of public reputation.     

金砖五国服务部门竞争力及影响因素实证分析

本文以金砖五国为研究对象,计算了五国服务贸易相对竞争力指标、竞争结构和服务贸易多样性指标,并构建综合评价体系,研究金砖五国的服务贸易总体竞争力和部门竞争力,进一步以净出口显示性比较优势指数建立计量模型,考察了各服务贸易部门、教育环境水平、基础设施水平和法律环境水平对服务贸易竞争力的影响。结果表明:与传统服务贸易部门相比,金砖五国的其他商务服务部门中,各部门竞争力都相对落后,五国中服务贸易综合竞争力最强的是印度,俄罗斯、巴西的服务贸易结构多样性最为齐全,教育环境水平、基础设施水平和法律环境水平对服务贸易竞争力的提升有重要影响。最后,为提高各国的服务贸易竞争力提出了政策建议。     

The Growth of Services: Some Social and Geographical Implications

Opinions as to the relative merits of the growth of the service sector are mixed. It is clear, however, that the demise of the service sector is not without its problems. An overview of recent employment trends illustrates the rapidity of the switch from manufacturing to service employment. The consequences of this transfer are considered in terms of three . types of labour market segmentation: sex, skill and geographical. The conclusion is reached that without positive government action to alleviate the problems, social and geographical divides will inevitably increase.     

公共部门服务外包的动因、对象及运作模式探析

近年来,由于面临预算减少、开支增大等财政危机以及随之带来的信任危机和管理危机等问题,公共部门开始对服务外包青睐有加,希望利用服务外包能够减少开支、缩小规模以及应对危机等优势,来缓解上述压力。文章通过分析公共部门服务外包的动因、对象、执行程序以及运作模式,以期对公共部门的服务外包行为进行较为全面地阐释和研究。