农业上市公司自主创新能力影响因素实证分析

为了优化农业上市公司自主创新激励机制,选取部分农业上市公司作为决策单元,运用DEA模型对这些公司的技术创新激励的有效性进行评价,通过对其的DEA有效单元与非DEA有效单元之间的分析对比,找出导致其技术创新非DEA有效的因素以及强化各因素的作用,以期达到提升农业企业自主创新能力的目的。     

Measuring the performance of financial holding companies

Financial institutions have become larger and engage in a wider array of financial activities due to continuing consolidation. Since the financial holding companies face multiple production functions simultaneously, the traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach is not suitable for investigating their efficiency. This study applies the multi-activity DEA model to explore the relative efficiency of 12 financial holding companies in Taiwan. The results show that the multi-activity DEA model is obviously more capable of identifying sources of inefficiency, thereby potentially yielding greater managerial insights into organisational improvements.     

国防支出效率的测算及国际比较——基于DEA的分析

国防支出是国家财政支出的重要组成部分,如何提高国防支出效率便成为十分重要的课题。本文在构建国防产出函数的基础上,利用DEA模型对我国周边31个国家的国防支出效率进行了测算,结果发现:各国国防支出的无效率主要来自纯技术效率的不足;国防支出绩效值与收入水平呈反方向变化,即收入水平越低的国家其国防支出绩效越高;无论何种收入水平的国家,其海军产出绩效值都不高。最后,根据实证结果提出了促进国防支出效率提高的政策建议。     

Financial deregulation and profit efficiency: A nonparametric analysis of Indian banks

The paper examines the impact of financial deregulation on cost and profit efficiency of Indian commercial banks during the post-reform period 1992–2004 using the nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results indicate high levels of cost efficiency and lower levels of profit efficiency, reflecting the importance of inefficiencies on the revenue side of banking activity. The decomposition of profit efficiency suggests that a large portion of outlay lost is due to allocative inefficiency. A multivariate regression of the proximate causes of profit efficiencies highlights the importance of bank size, ownership, product diversity and prudential indicators as important variables driving these efficiency differences.     

我国地区间用于科技发展的研发绩效评估与比较

本文运用DEA方法对我国三类地区2000-2003年研发效率的评估和比较发现,研发投入的数量与研发产出的数量、质量呈现正相关性,但产出数量与质量并不完全取决于投入,研发投入力度最大的第一类型区总技术效率和纯技术效率最高,而研发投入力度最小的第三类型区总技术效率和纯技术效率却高于第二类型区;三类地区技术无效率主要来自纯技术无效率,从变动趋势进一步分析发现,第二类型区的纯技术效率呈现不断改善的趋势,第一、三类型区的纯技术效率却在持续恶化.上述发现说明三类地区在研发活动的管理体制和决策机制上皆存在缺陷,从而致使投入要素使用出现严重的非效率现象.因此,在我国目前科技资源投入有限的情况下,提高科研效率应成为提升科技竞争力的关键环节.     

资源和谐匹配与农户生产效率提升——基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析

经济领域中资源配置是否匹配,通常涉及效率问题。以农村经济活动的资源种类划分而言,我们可以将生产要素区分为自然环境资源和农村社会资源两大类。这两大类资源对农户生产效率有着不同的影响,如何将它们匹配,是值得研究的问题。文章基于中国省际面板的相关数据,运用经典的DEA方法测度了各区域的农户生产效率,运用Panel Data模型探寻了显著影响农户效率的主要因素,并通过两类资源的不同贡献来分析区域差异产生的原因和形成机制。实证分析显示：农村社会资源的改善与农户生产效率提高之间并不存在必然性,农户生产要素质量的提升并不必然导致农户生产效率的提高,提升农户生产效率的主要途径是自然环境资源和农村社会资源的和谐匹配,这对政策制定或许有着参考价值。     

The Impact of Market Environment on Excess Capacity and the Cost of an Empty Hospital Bed

The health economics literature contains contradictory empirical findings regarding the cost of an empty hospital bed. Recent empirical studies which account for the endogeneity of reserve capacity produce high estimates of these costs, while earlier studies and industry experts maintain that empty beds are cheap. This paper provides evidence which helps to reconcile the controversy. The cost of excess bed capacity will depend upon staffing levels of different types of labor in the hospital. We provide a relationship between capacity utilization, productive efficiency, and the cost of empty beds, and then compare the utilization of bed capacity in four very different market environments. These are the highly regulated, public Norwegian hospitals, who face very little competitive pressure, and the unregulated, private California hospitals, divided into three groups with variation in ownership and competitive environment. We find considerable variation in input utilization and excess capacity, with different implications for the cost of empty beds across the hospital groups and their respective market environments. Our findings suggest that the cost of an empty bed varies with market conditions, hence the seemingly contradictory findings in the literature are to be expected. Our findings also suggest an interesting area of future research: the impact of managed care on reserve capacity in hospitals.     

基于DEA的浙江省外贸可持续发展效率评价

文章以浙江省2000～2008年间的对外贸易相关统计数据为基础,运用DEA模型对浙江省对外贸易可持续发展效率进行研究,得出如下几点结论:第一,浙江对外贸易可持续发展的纯技术效率为最佳;第二,导致浙江对外贸易可持续发展效率不高的主要原因是规模无效率。最后针对存在问题提出改善对策。     

Internet Based Benchmarking

We discuss the design of interactive, internet based benchmarking using parametric (statistical) as well as non-parametric (DEA) models. The user receives benchmarks and improvement potentials. The user is also given the possibility to search different efficiency frontiers and hereby to explore alternative improvement strategies. Implementations of both a parametric and a non-parametric model are presented.     

外资并购对中国企业产能利用率的影响

改革开放40年来,中国外资并购频繁发生,对经济增长做出了积极的贡献。然而伴随中国经济的高速发展,产能过剩问题日益凸显。本文基于1998—2007年中国企业数据,采用PSM-DID方法系统地研究了外资并购对中国企业产能利用率的影响及作用机制。实证结果表明,外资并购显著促进了企业产能利用率的提高;影响机制检验发现,出口扩张、研发创新和生产效率是外资并购提升企业产能利用率的重要途径;进一步的动态效应估计显示,外资并购后五年内对企业产能利用率具有显著的促进作用,且该效应呈"倒U型"动态变化特征。此外,本文还考察了外资并购对企业产能利用率的异质性影响,发现外资并购对内陆地区企业、高资本密集度企业和高融资约束企业产能利用率提高的促进作用更大。本文最后采用面板分位数回归方法检验了外资并购的产能利用率效应在不同产能水平企业之间的差异性,发现外资并购在更大程度上提升了落后产能企业的产能利用率。以上研究意味着,外资并购有助于缩小企业间产能利用率差距,这对于减少社会资源浪费、提高资源配置效率以及推动产业结构转型升级具有重要的作用。     

New Zealand Bank Mergers and Efficiency Gains

ABSTRACT

This paper uses accounting ratios and DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to explore the efficiency impacts of 6 bank mergers in New Zealand between 1989 and 1998. The paper is the first reported application of DEA to the New Zealand banking sector, and its methodology is based around that used by Avkiran in his study published in the Journal of Banking and Finance in 1999 (Avkiran, 1999b).

Consistent with earlier research, acquiring banks were found to be generally larger than their targets, although they were not consistently more efficient. In a majority of cases the merger led to an increase in efficiency, consistent with a trend observed for the banking sector as a whole. No clear conclusions could be drawn on possible public benefits from the mergers.     

Evaluating the financial performances of Korean luxury hotels using data envelopment analysis

In the wake of catastrophic natural disasters and rising threats of terrorism, the hotel industry has been hit hard by declining revenues and increasing competition. To avoid such a downward spiral, the hotel industry should find remedies to make its operations lean and robust. These remedies may include: niche marketing, reduced debt ratio, increased profit margin, and continuous improvement of hotel service quality. These remedies, however, would be of no avail, unless the hotel management finds a way to compare its financial strengths and weaknesses against its competitors. In an effort to help the hotel management enhance its financial efficiency and price leverage in the increasingly competitive hotel industry, this article aims to develop a meaningful set of financial benchmarks that will dictate best practices and shape up a successful hotel business model. Thus, we propose a data envelopment analysis (DEA) that is proven to be useful for measuring the financial efficiency of various profit or non-profit organizations. Using the examples of first-class, luxury hotels in Korea, this article illustrates the usefulness of DEA for the continuous improvement of hotel business practices.     

An assessment of operational efficiency of retail firms in China

This study aims to assess operational efficiency of retail firms in China. Economic efficiencies of 61 retailers working in China between 2000 and 2003 are examined in this study using three related methodologies: data envelopment analysis (DEA), Malmquist productivity index (MPI), and a bootstrapped Tobit regression model. DEA analysis shows that only seven retail firms are considered as efficient under CRS assumption in 2002, and four firms in 2003. MPI results indicate that about 37.7 percent (23 out of 61) of retail firms have registered progress in terms of MPI during 2000 and 2003. Results of the bootstrapped Tobit analysis show that retail characteristic plays a significant role influencing retail efficiency.     

基于DEA视窗分析与Malmquist指数的安徽环境效率动态变化研究——以安徽17个城市2004-2009年数据为样本

运用DEA视窗分析模型测度了考虑污染排放约束在内的安徽17个主要城市区域环境效率动态变化趋势，进而利用Malmquist生产率指数的测算及其分解探究安徽环境效率变动原因。得出结论：安徽环境效率区域发展不平衡，但区域差异有所收敛。技术进步制约安徽区域环境效率提升，技术效率成为安徽区域环境效率提升的源泉。     

PTE,innovation capital and firm value interactions in the biotech medical industry

Unlike previous studies which only focus on the main effect between IC and FV, this research includes PTE with the gap of resource-based view. IC is a key element in creating a competitive advantage, as it has a great influence on FV. A company may put relatively less into IC if it demonstrates higher efficiency. However, previous studies have neglected the fact that relative efficiency and IC affect FV and stock returns directly and indirectly. The research period was from 2006 to 2010 and the main research methods include HRA and DEA. The main research findings include the following. (1) There is a space for improvement in terms of the total technical efficiency. (2) PTE has a significant moderating effect between IC and FV. (3) IC and PTE have a significant influence on FV. (4) Apart from PTE and stock returns, IC and FV show significant differences within the sub-industry.     

Institutional investors' corporate site visits and corporate investment efficiency

This study examines the association between institutional investors' corporate site visits (CSVs) and the visited firms' investment efficiency. Using unique CSVs' data from China, this study provides empirical evidence that institutional investors' CSVs lessen the visited firms' corporate investment inefficiency, including both over- and underinvestment. The negative relationship between CSVs and investment inefficiency is less pronounced for firms with higher quality financial reporting and better corporate governance. In addition, CSVs show a decrease in corporate overinvestment by monitoring the risk-taking activities of younger CEOs and expansionary firms, and supervising the use of excess free cash flows. Meanwhile, CSVs could mitigate underinvestment by reducing managerial shirking from entrenched CEOs, such as dual or longer-tenured CEOs. The possible economic mechanism behind this association is that CSVs increase institutional shareholding percentages. All the main findings are robust to a battery of endogeneity and robustness tests.     

The different systems for tourist hotels efficiency estimation in Taiwan

This study adopts the data envelopment analysis (DEA), including the Banker, Charnes, and Cooper and system DEA estimation, to investigate the operating efficiency of Taiwanese Hotels under different efficient frontier systems. The results are summarised as follows: (1) the efficiency of chain-operated hotels are higher than the efficiency of independent-operated hotels; (2) if different frontier systems are assessed by the same frontier, then it will cause a wrong judgement in efficient reference sets; (3) if the hotels are treated as independent samples, then some inefficient hotels are mistaken as being efficient; and (4) the independent type take the chain type as efficient reference sets.     

A DEA approach for selecting a bundle of tickets for performing arts events

Most performing arts organizations offer their customers the choice of either buying event tickets individually or buying a bundle of tickets for two or more events. During the selection of the bundle to be offered, the theatre manager faces several possible combinations of events. In this paper we tackle the issue of identifying the most efficient subset of the events scheduled to offer as a bundle. We formulate this problem following the choice-based network Revenue Management approach. Assuming the price as fixed on two types of events, lowbrow and highbrow, proposed by the theatre, the purchase decision is modelled on the basis of two random variables: the available time and the reservation price per perfomance. The super-efficiency DEA model will be implemented in order to find the most efficient combination of events to be bundled, defined as the one that offers the most favourable trade-off between expected revenue, attendance, and capacity consumption. A regression of the DEA scores on managerial variables and bundle attributes will allow us to obtain some insights into what determines the efficiency level of a bundle.     

我国增值税征管效率测度分析——基于SFA、DEA和FDH方法

虽然SFA、DEA和FDH三方法在测度增值税征管效率中,不同时间和地区的测算得分存在差异,但从平均效率趋势来看,效率水平整体保持稳定,增值税征管效率水平整体还有较大的提升空间。进一步的实证分析表明:税收分权度、每万人公路里程数对增值税征管效率具有负向作用;城镇化程度、经济开放度、增值税在国税机关税收征管中的重要性都与增值税征管效率有显著的正向关系。     

A data envelopment analysis on assessing the competitiveness of Korean hotels

With the ever-rising cost of doing business and increased competition, many hotels have experienced financial difficulties resultant from a gradual decline in profit and market share. Since the financial health of the hotel affects its investment capability in constantly improving customer services, the service performance and the subsequent competitiveness of the hotel often reflect its financial efficiency. As such, there is a growing need to assess the financial efficiency of the hotel in comparison with its competitors. To meet such a need, this paper proposes a data envelopment analysis (DEA) that develops a meaningful set of benchmarks that will dictate best practices and form a successful hotel business model. Using the examples of 31 luxury and budget hotels in Korea, this paper illustrates the usefulness of DEA for the continuous improvement of hotel business practices.