高速铁路建设对我国城市空间结构影响研究——以京广高铁沿线城市为例

高速铁路对于我国城市空间结构具有深远的影响。以"四纵四横"中京广高铁为例,可以从引力模型和通达度两个角度,采取有无对比分析方法,探讨高铁建成前后京广沿线城市间经济联系强度和交通通达度。研究表明,高铁建成显著提高城市间的引力和交通通达度,对省会大城市改善效果优于中小城市。高铁建设能够加强沿线城市间交流,推进资源重新配置。中小城市要抓住机遇,依托高铁融入高铁经济带,促进自身的发展;大城市需要主动转移资源到中小城市布局,促进高铁经济带协同发展。     

“城市病”对城市经济效率损失的影响——基于中国285个地级市的研究

本文利用2005—2011年中国285个地级市的面板数据,实证研究了"城市病"对城市经济效率的影响。研究结果表明,中国城市产业集聚虽然能够带动城市经济效率的提升,但人口过度集中带来的拥挤效应对城市经济效率的影响显著为负,人口膨胀、交通拥堵、环境污染为主要内容的"城市病"成为制约城市经济效率提高的重要因素。从城市规模等级来看,大城市集聚经济对城市经济效率的带动作用有限,而中小城市依然能从集聚经济中获得较大收益;大城市"城市病"对城市经济效率带来的损失程度高于中小城市。     

35个省会城市及计划单列市经济效益综合评价—兼对我省两个中心城市的排名进行分析

目前我国共有城市667个，其中35个省会城市及计划单列市作为全国或各地区的政治、经济、化中心，它们的发展状况如何，不仅直接影响到本地区社会和经济的发展，而且也从不同方面不同程度影响着整个国民经济的发展，它们是整个国民经济和地区经济发展的龙头。不过，由于各个城市的经济条件、生产要素禀赋、地理位置及历史化不同，导致了它们经济发展的不平衡。又因为对城市经济的发展来说，规模和实力经济发展的内涵。因此，本着重从经济效益方面对我国35个省会城市及计划单列市（包括市辖县）进行综合评价和排序，采用客观赋权的多指标综合评价方法－因子分析法；同时对我省两个中心城市－沈阳市和大连市的排名加以分析比较。     

中国城市生产效率差异——集聚效应还是企业选择效应?

基于1998 ～ 2007年的中国工业普查数据,整合了集聚效应和企业选择效应,考察中国城市生产效率的差异及其影响机制.研究证实,总体上中国城市生产效率具有显著的集聚效应,但现有文献忽视了选择效应的影响,一定程度上高估了集聚效应.从时间历程看,中国大城市正经历着从低效企业被动挤出转向高效企业主动进入的过程.20世纪末期,金融危机的动荡和中国政府的治理加速了企业的优胜劣汰,被动选择效应一度起到主导作用.但随着中国经济的长足发展,企业主动选择效应日益突出,吸引高效率企业进入成为提高城市生产效率的重要途径.从产业类型看,劳动密集型产业的城市选择效应突出,资本密集型产业则体现出主动选择机制的作用.对于不同规模、不同发展阶段的城市,由于影响城市竞争力的机制不同,应科学制定相应的发展政策.     

基于生产函数的城市经济水平影响因素差异研究

改革开放以来,中国经济有长足而稳定的发展.对于一个国家或城市的经济而言,经济发展水平的提高可以通过两种途径来实现,即增加生产要素投入和技术进步.利用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数模型,分析规模经济对中国城市经济的影响.考虑到经济增长各地区间的差异性,将中国283个地级以上城市划分为6大经济区域及3个规模级别分别进行研究.研究发现,当前中国城市整体处于规模收益递增阶段,但不同区域不同规模的城市其规模弹性存在较大差异.在此基础之上,将产业结构、开放程度、与外界区域经济联系及科技水平4个具体反映广义技术进步的因素融入上述模型中,探究各因素对我国经济水平的作用,并得出了产业结构和科技水平是影响目前城市经济水平主要因素的结论.     

高铁经济下沿线中小城市发展的思考

高铁在中国迅速发展,越来越多的负面经济作用同时也显现出来。本文主要介绍了高铁经济对于高铁沿线中小城市发展带来的影响,提出关于沿线中小城市如何抓住高铁带来的机遇,减少高铁带来的负面影响的几点思考。     

城市经济对住宅价格影响研究--以35个大中城市为例

住宅市场具有很强的地域特性,不同城市由于经济发展等因素的影响,造成住宅价格具有较大的差异。将城市经济分为城市经济规模、城市产业结构和城市经济效率,以35个大中城市为例,运用静态面板数据模型研究城市经济对住宅价格的影响。结果表明,城市经济对住宅价格具有很强的正相关作用,尤其是城市经济规模和城市产业结构。城市经济规模方面,GDP、地方财政支出对住宅价格具有显著的正面影响;城市产业结构方面,第三产业增加值占GDP比重越高,住宅价格越高;城市经济效率方面,人均地方财政收入和第二、三产业增加值与建成区面积之比都对住宅价格具有显著的正相关性。因此,城市在区域经济一体化的带动下将追求创新高效率的发展,同时优化城市空间结构和产业结构,有助于住宅市场的健康发展。     

城市经济对住宅价格影响研究——以35个大中城市为例

住宅市场具有很强的地域特性,不同城市由于经济发展等因素的影响,造成住宅价格具有较大的差异。将城市经济分为城市经济规模、城市产业结构和城市经济效率,以35个大中城市为例,运用静态面板数据模型研究城市经济对住宅价格的影响。结果表明,城市经济对住宅价格具有很强的正相关作用,尤其是城市经济规模和城市产业结构。城市经济规模方面,GDP、地方财政支出对住宅价格具有显著的正面影响;城市产业结构方面,第三产业增加值占GDP比重越高,住宅价格越高;城市经济效率方面,人均地方财政收入和第二、三产业增加值与建成区面积之比都对住宅价格具有显著的正相关性。因此,城市在区域经济一体化的带动下将追求创新高效率的发展,同时优化城市空间结构和产业结构,有助于住宅市场的健康发展。     

基于中心城市最优规模的江西城市结构体系研究

合理的城市格局是区域经济发展的重要保障,也是经济社会改革过程中的主要内容。在区域经济学中,城市首位度是关于城市规模分布的重要理论,特别是对于大城市在区域发展中的地位,首位度是较为权威的衡量标准。本文通过引入首位度这一概念,建立非线性的门槛回归模型,从定量的角度分析城市首位度在不同阶段对区域经济增长的不同贡献效应,从而确定江西中心城市的最优规模,提出江西应坚持一体化、多核化的城市发展模式,要打破区域壁垒促进省域中心城市合作,并在城市创新能力、城市发展环境方面实现城市体制改革。     

城市规模对异质企业的创新孵化作用研究

城市是企业创新活动的重要载体。基于异质企业集聚理论,利用制造业企业微观数据,构建托宾(Tobit)模型和中介效应检验的分析结果显示:城市规模对企业的新产品产值比例存在显著影响,城市规模增长促进本地企业创新,但邻近城市规模增长带来一定的抑制效应;具体作用机制包含竞争性孵化和包容性孵化两条路径,不同孵化机制对不同生产率企业的影响存在差异;市场的竞争选择主要作用于低效企业,而高效企业的创新更依赖于城市的中间服务支持。各地区应增强产业政策与城市发展的协同性、提升外部创新环境与企业内在特征的协同性、注重地区间城市化进程的协同性,充分发挥城市自身的市场竞争和中间服务对企业创新的推动作用,培育企业创新的内生动力。     

Impact of high-speed rail on urban economic development: An observation from the Beijing-Guangzhou line based on night-time light images

The high-speed rail (HSR) of China has developed and expanded rapidly and made great achievements in the past twenty years. The ongoing HSR plan is expected to have a significant impact on the urban economy and spatial structure in China. However, relevant data-driven research is still lacking. Traditional data collection approaches such as field surveys are costly to assure the accuracy of materials. In this study, a new remote sensing perspective of night-time light (NTL) was adopted to observe the long-term impact of the HSR on cities along the rail. More specifically, we investigated the impact of the Beijing–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway (BGHSR) on urban economic development by using night-time light data from 2002 to 2018. Such a line connects the capital (located in the north of China) and southern China and lies on the most important geographic axis of the country. Our results find that the construction of BGHSR line has a considerable positive impact on economies of first-tier cities (e.g., Beijing and Guangzhou) and new-first-tier cities (e.g., Zhengzhou, Wuhan, and Changsha), but also hurt some second-tier and third-tier cities such as Baoding and Handan. Generally, the spatial economic pattern of cities along the BGHSR line has been rapidly reshaped with the change of the transportation system. Each city needs to reconsider its role and value in the coming regionalization process to adapt to the national strategy.     

The impact of executive diversity on corporate innovation: Evidence from the natural experiment of high‐speed rail in China

We examine the impact of executive diversity on corporate innovation using an exogenous natural experiment: the implementation of high‐speed rail (HSR) in China. The findings suggest that after a city implements HSR, firms increase their executive diversity, resulting in better corporate innovation than firms in non‐HSR cities. Additional analysis suggests that when a firm belongs to a competitive industry, is located in a low marketization region, or operates in a poor transportation region, the impact of HSR on executive diversity and corporate innovation is magnified. Our findings carry implications for other emerging markets.     

Does the opening of high-speed rail enhance urban entrepreneurial activity? Evidence from China

Entrepreneurship plays a critical role in contributing to the realization of full employment in all countries around the world. By improving the efficiency of the flow of production factors, high-speed rail (HSR) has an important impact on regional economic development. However, little is known about whether HSR has improved urban entrepreneurial activity. This paper takes the opening of HSR as a quasi-natural experiment and constructs a difference-in-differences (DID) model, using panel data on 284 prefecture-level cities in China for the period from 2005 to 2019, to systematically evaluate the impact of HSR openings on urban entrepreneurial activity. We find that the opening of HSR has increased the urban entrepreneurial activity, and that this effect is more obvious in cities at high administrative levels, with locational advantages, and highly developed economies, including service industries. HSR can enhance urban entrepreneurial activity by improving the level of talent aggregation and venture capital. These findings provide fresh perspectives on the connection between HSR and urban entrepreneurial activity.     

High-speed rail network and urban agglomeration economies: Research from the perspective of urban network externalities

High-speed rail (HSR) has greatly promoted cross-regional economic activities, but few studies have been conducted from the perspective of urban network externalities (UNEs). Based on data from China from 2008 to 2019, this paper constructs an HSR operation network model to study the impact of the network position (NP) on urban agglomeration economies (UAEs) by jointly employing network and econometric analysis methods. The findings suggest the following: (1) Improvements to NP significantly enhance UAEs. Improving the comprehensive NP by 1% will increase urban output per capita by 193.5–226.8 RMB. The findings hold under several robustness tests. (2) The NP's facilitation of growth in UAEs is reflected mainly in national core cities, while the impact of peripheral cities reflects a “∽-shaped” curve as their distance from each nearest neighboring core city changes. (3) From the temporal-dynamic perspective, the NP's impact on UAEs appeared one year before the HSR line was opened and was fully realized three years after the opening of the HSR. (4) Investment agglomeration and expansions in borrowed size are the main mediating mechanisms whereby NP facilitates UAEs.     

Does high-speed railway promote urban innovation? Evidence from China

Empirical discussion in the existing literature on the relationship between transportation infrastructure and innovation remains limited. As one of the most important transport infrastructures, China's high-speed railway (HSR) has greatly compressed the space-time distance and strengthened the linkages between cities, which may contribute to innovation activities. Using the panel data of 285 Chinese prefecture-level and above cities and employing the difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper examines the impact of HSR opening and HSR service intensity on the urban innovation. Propensity score matching (PSM) together with DID (PSM-DID) method is utilized to address the potential estimation biases. The empirical results demonstrate that HSR has significantly improved the level of urban innovation. Heterogeneity analysis finds that the promotion effects of HSR on innovation are more remarkable in peripheral and small cities. Moreover, the effects of HSR on cities far away from the central and large cities are with higher significance and greater magnitude than cities close to central and large cities. For cities near central and large cities, the service intensity of HSR is more likely to improve their innovation level. In addition, we further find that service industries and private enterprises benefit more from the effect of HSR in promoting innovation. This study can provide robust evidence for the effect of HSR on promoting urban innovation, as well as policy enlightenment for innovation growth and sustainable economic development.     

Do high-speed railways accelerate urban land expansion in China? A study based on the multi-stage difference-in-differences model

High-speed railway (HSR) have become the main transportation mode in China and a crucial contributing factor for the formation and development of urban and regional spatial structure. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of HSR on urban land expansion in China. The multi-stage difference-in-differences (DID) estimation method is used to explore the cases of 35 mega cities. The main results are presented as follows. 1) Opening HSR can positively influence urban land expansion, as evidenced by the 9.5% increase in the urban land expansion index after such opening. 2) The increase in the number of HSR station and route can accelerate urban land expansion. Each newly added station increases the urban land expansion index by 2.4%, and urban land expansion increases 4.8% when a new HSR route is added. 3) The positive effects of the opening of HSR on urban land expansion generally have a time lag of five years. 4) Compared with cities in the east, the midwestern ones are more vulnerable to the impact of HSR. The net effect of HSR on urban land expansion for midwestern cities is 10.9% higher than that for cities in the east. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the effect of HSR on urban land expansion are the industrial agglomeration effect of HSR and the incentive effect of local governments’ land finance alongside the development of HSR.     

轨道交通对中国城市化的意义

目前中国正处在快速城市化的进程中,需要增加城市的数量和人口、经济规模,并大力发展城市群和城市带,同时需要减小地区间的发展差距.因此构筑一个从城市轨道交通、城际轨道交通到跨区域的高速铁路这一不同层次的结构完善的覆盖全国的轨道交通体系,将有利于促进城市化,为全国广大人民群众提供快捷、舒适、准时、安全的交通保障,并为在全国范围内建设和谐社会做出重大贡献.     

浙江省城市紧凑发展影响因素分析

通过对城市紧凑发展内涵的阐述,概括了影响浙江城市紧凑发展的主要因子:地形、城市交通、人口规模、产业结构优化、城市空间扩张方式、城市规划及国家宏观政策等,并研究了各影响因子对城市紧凑发展的影响机理。     

Impact of high-speed railway on urban resilience in China: Does urban innovation matter?

Based on calculating the urban resilience index from five aspects of economy, society, institutions, infrastructure, and ecology by adopting the entropy method, this study applies the time-varying DID model to systematically examine HSR's impact on China's urban resilience, on basis of which its heterogeneities and the mediating effect of urban innovation are also quantified. The findings reveal that: (1) HSR can significantly promote China's urban resilience, as supported by various robustness tests. (2) HSR can significantly improve economic and institution resilience of cities, but does not play a significant role on social resilience and infrastructure resilience, and has a negative effect on ecological resilience. (3) The driving effects of HSR on the resilience of core cities, large cities, and non-resource-based cities are more significant. (4) Urban innovation is an important channel through which HSR impacts urban resilience. The conclusions of this study can offer useful insights for China's future HSR planning and resilient cities construction.