新零售与社区便利店转型升级研究综述

目前学术界对新零售的基本内涵、驱动因素、实践动向和发展趋势,以及社区便利店转型升级的主要途径,如改进管理方式、提供综合服务、采用O2O模式等进行了研究,但对新零售与社区便利店转型升级的研究尚处于起步阶段。现有研究还存在视角单一、深度不够、案例缺乏等问题,未来需要对"新零售"时代社区便利店转型升级的理论、动因、路径、策略、案例等进行深入系统的研究。     

韩国便利店业态演变趋势分析

通过对韩便利店在店铺数、销售额、顾客与经营者构成等方面的分析,本文认为韩便利店的快速发展与其经济发展水平的提高,以及成功输入美日成熟的便利店经营技术和模式有关。韩便利店在发展中呈现出明显的个性特征,根据店铺数与销售额等的演变轨迹,可以将韩便利店的发展划分为导入期、连锁构筑期、系统完善期、高速成长初期及高速成长期。     

我国便利店的目标市场分析和选址策略

随着人们经济收入水平的提高和生活节奏的加快,时间变得越来越宝贵,也使得消费者在购物时更加强调方便和快捷。超市的诞生使人们一次性购足商品的愿望得以实现,也给现代人类增加了一种休闲娱乐的方式。而人们对便利、快捷、高效的需求,却是通过便利店这种业态而得到了很好的满足。     

The Anatomy of Retail Internationalisation: Daimaru's Decision to Invest in Melbourne,Australia

The article addresses the need for empirical work on retailer internationalisation. It reviews the literature, explores the process of international development, and investigates the way in which decisions are made at this level. The article uses the ‘decision effectiveness’ concept to examine the internationalisation of Japanese department store groups between 1950 and 1995, and focuses on Daimaru's decision to invest in a new outlet in Melbourne. On the basis of interviews with company executives in Australia and Japan associated with the decision, the article concludes by emphasising how the perspective gained thereby may help in the understanding of the interrelatedness of the main components of internationalisation.     

Opening Local Retail Food Stores: A Real-Options Approach

A real-options approach was used, incorporating uncertainty and irreversibility of investments, to study the number of stores entering the Swedish retail food market during the period 1994–2002. It was found that uncertainty affected the entry-decision. Entry was less frequent in highly concentrated local retail food-markets characterized by a high degree of uncertainty, whereas higher profit opportunities seem to have increased the probability of entry.     

日本便利店发展基本数据分析

本文认为,诞生并成长于20世纪60年代流通革命中的便利店业态在日本仅仅用了20年时间,就遍及整个日本列岛,成为现代零售业态的一个重要形式,并快速成长与扩张。其以加盟为主的经营模式,速食为主的商品构成,多功能的服务项目,先进完善的补货与信息系统等与日本的经济发展阶段、现代流通业建设、计算机技术的发展及应用、日本的信息社会化建设等有关,同时也与社会的发展进程、消费者的消费方式和习惯、现代文明方式等紧密相联,它不仅仅是一个经济现象,而是经济与社会发展过程中的必然产物。     

城市青年便利店消费的社会学分析

在城市中遍地开花的便利店,正在逐渐成为青年的聚集地。本文采用问卷与访谈的方法调查了城市青年的便利店消费动机,城市青年前往便利店消费的特征与便利店风靡的原因,继而探究"城市青年便利店消费"这一现象背后的社会文化意义。     

The Internationalisation of Small to Medium-Sized Retail Companies: Towards A Conceptual Framework

The internationalisation of large multinational retailers is well documented and much research attention has been given to their processes, motives and strategies for expansion. However, a successful international retailer does not necessarily have to be a large retailer. Dynamic smallerretailers with strong concepts, formats and products have shown themselves capable of rapid international growth. To date there has been a distinct lack of research on the internationalisation of small to medium-sized companies (SMEs) operating in the retail sector. Any discussion of SME internationalisationwithin the retail industry should recognise that research on large multinational corporations is not directly transferable to small and medium-sized firms who by their very nature and characteristics embrace a very different set of opportunities in the international market. To address thisgap in research, this paper draws upon broader established international SME and entrepreneurship literatures to provide a framework for examining some of the key aspects of the internationalisation of retail SMEs.     

零售企业连锁扩张的边界分析

零售企业通过分店复制方式(连锁经营)实施规模扩张的行为,在取得规模收益的同时放大了系统风险。企业控制幅度增加而引起的管理成本,委托代理关系而产生的组织协调成本,企业在跨区域适应过程中的学习成本,这些构成了零售企业规模扩张的硬性约束。本文在深入探究连锁企业扩张的经济学成因的基础上,通过构建企业最优化决策模型得出了零售企业连锁扩张的最佳规模边界。     

Retail Image as Seen through Consumers' Eyes: Studying International Retail Image through Consumer Photographs of Stores

Abstract

The aim of this article is to explore how retail store image is perceived by consumers from different cultural backgrounds and with different degrees of awareness and experience of the retailer. The subject is IKEA, a retailer recognized as having a global approach to the markets in which it operates, resulting in a highly standardized approach to store branding. However, rather than employing traditional methodologies to elicit consumer perceptions of store image, we attempt to capture consumer perceptions through interpretations of the visual images generated by the participants themselves. The photo-elicitation method employed captured the different interpretations and meanings attached to commonly identified elements of store image and reinforced the central role played by the store itself in retail image formation.     

K-Means算法及其在卷烟零售门店库存聚类分析中的应用

为准确了解市场库存和需求,减小商业库存压力,实现对零售户进行按需供货,发现零售户群体共性特征,通过考察零售户的年销售量和年库存量,基于Spark+MLlib的kmeans++算法实现对零售户行为的聚类,并根据收集所得的卷烟销售扫码数据采用KMeans+进行聚类分析,将客户分为三大类别,得到了较为合适的分类结果,给出了相应的销售和库存的管理策略,这为卷烟销售和库存管理策略的制定提供决策支持。     

服装零售店非财务指标的采集与应用研究

在金融危机的冲击下,国内纺织服装业面对出口市场萎缩的窘境.在这样的背景下,部分服装从业者开始介入国内服装零售市场.如何掌握营销研究技术,以尽可能地规避营销过程中的风险,成为他们必须面对的问题.本文立足于为服装零售店提供一种销售分析技术的角度,围绕其现实销售情境进行非财务指标的采集,提供数据采集设计方法与数据分析方法,有助于刚进入这一领域与中小规模的服装企业规避营销风险,提升其营销决策质量.     

Internationalisation, industrial policy and clusters

This paper analyses industrial policy in an open economy hosting an agglomeration consisting of vertically linked upstream and downstream firms. We show that optimal policy towards upstream and downstream industries may typically differ radically in this setting as compared to the case of a closed economy. Internationalisation in terms of international mobility of firms as well as reduced trade costs is found to have significant impact on policy design. We find that in addition to technology and demand characteristics, degree of mobility and level of trade cost are key determinants of tax and subsidy levels.     

Broadening the Concept of International Entrepreneurship: Internationalisation, Networks and Politics

In this article, the situation where a company internationalises over an extended period without changing operation mode is explored. The focus of the empirical research is the Australian company CSR and its large-scale sugar exporting operations, which developed over a period of about 75 years. Because of the highly politicised nature of the sugar industry in many countries, CSR was called upon to make extensive investments in political networks in order to achieve its global sugar exporting operations. Overall the CSR experience demonstrates that it is possible to stretch the use of a given mode, although this may demand considerable creativity in market, network and policy responses of a kind which illustrate that international entrepreneurship may come in many guises, and may need to be viewed in a broader way.     

从日本“7-11”便利店的成功看我国特许经营的发展

特许经营作为一种先进的经营方式,20世纪90年代以来,在我国达到了快速发展,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。但从整体来看,特许经营在我国的发展还面临许多亟待解决的问题,与经济发展和人民消费方式的要求还很不适应。为此,必须按照特许经营发展的内在规律,借鉴国外特许经营发展的成功经验,结合我国特许经营发展的实际,有效地发展我国的特许经营。     

Internationalisation,Innovation and Productivity: How Do Firms Differ in Italy?

This paper addresses the issue of intra‐industry heterogeneity and internationalisation. We show that, after controlling for sector, location, firm age and size, Italian manufacturing companies exhibit different economic and innovative performance according to their involvement in foreign activities. In particular, exporters show intermediate innovative performance between non‐internationalised firms and those carrying out foreign production. Multinationals with a lower commitment to foreign markets, i.e. with non‐manufacturing activities abroad only, exhibit a higher productivity than exporters but they do not appear to innovate more than the latter. Heterogeneity in productivity is robust to controlling for innovation inputs and outputs, suggesting that the difference in economic performance cannot be entirely attributed to different innovative activities, and that the involvement in international operations can be a distinct channel of knowledge accumulation.     

Internationalisation and innovation in the knowledge-intensive business services

This paper aims to analyse the link between the distinct degree of internationalisation and the innovation activities of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBSs). The empirical results suggest that there are differences between the groups of KIBS analysed, particularly with regards to their characteristics, innovation activities, use of source of knowledge, use of advanced technologies and value-added practices, and innovation outputs. However, these differences are not always systematic. There is a noticeable tendency for domestic establishments to perform more weakly with regards to innovation-related activities and innovation outputs than international establishments, but also between KIBS that have different degrees of international activities.     

Converging Conventions of Comfort,Cleanliness and Convenience

Many commentators analyse green consumption as if it were an expression of individual environmental commitment. Such approaches suppose that the adoption of more sustainable ways of life depends upon the diffusion of "green" beliefs and actions through society. In this article, the author explores the idea that patterns of resource consumption (especially of energy and water) reflect what are generally inconspicuous routines and habits. Are such conventions evolving or standardising in ways that are increasingly resource intensive? In addressing this question with reference to three domains of daily life: comfort, cleanliness, and convenience, four simple models of change are outlined, two of which imply an inexorable escalation of resource consumption, two of which do not. The purpose of this illustrative exercise is to demonstrate the importance of understanding the systemic redefinition of "normal practice." Rather than taking individual behaviour to be the central unit of analysis, the case is made for an approach that concentrates on the construction and transformation of collective convention. This theoretical reorientation opens the way for programmes of research and policy informed by an appreciation of the technological and the commercial as well as the symbolic and cultural dimensions of more and less resource-intensive ways of life.

     

Marketspace and the Internationalisation Process of the Small Firm

This empirical study explores the potential impact of the marketspace—the virtual world of digitised information—on the process of internationalisation within small technology-based firms (STBFs). Research findings demonstrate several effects relating to the firm's increased use of the marketspace for international business activities. In relation to internal resource-related effects, increased marketspace use is associated with: a stronger internal resource-base for international operations; and higher levels of internal international business information. Moreover, in relation to external resource-related effects, increased marketspace use is associated with: an increase in the firm's international orientation; an increase in the range and diversity of international business contacts; and an increase in unsolicited orders from foreign markets. This study confirms that the entrepreneur's prior Internet experience is a critical factor influencing use of the marketspace to support the firm's international operations. Similarly, organisational use of the marketspace (influenced by the previous experience of the entrepreneur) impacts upon certain aspects of the firm's internationalisation behaviour. Despite the significance of these findings, the marketspace is neither a replacement for traditional marketplace-based activities, nor is it a panacea that ensures effective small firm internationalisation. Complementary exploitation of both the marketspace and the traditional marketplace is likely to provide the optimal internationalisation route for small firms.