Retail Shelf Allocation: A Comparative Analysis of Heuristic and Meta-Heuristic Approaches

This research presents a retail shelf-space decision model that incorporates a nonlinear profit function, vertical and horizontal location effects, and product cross-elasticity. We propose a linear programming formulation of the nonlinear profit function that can solve the shelf-space problem optimally. We describe potential advances in heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms and compare the approaches through simulations and a field experiment. We discuss the impact of the number of item facings, vertical location, and horizontal location (e.g., we find the vertical location effect is approximately double the size of the horizontal location effect on profit performance).     

Retail Centres: Location and Consumer's Satisfaction

Analysts rarely consider that commercial malls offer a global service to the consumer. It is commonly assumed that the consumers' decision concerning the place they choose usually for shopping depends essentially on the distance to the mall. This paper shows that, for such decisions, the consumer's satisfaction (an indicator widely used for evaluating the quality of a service) plays at least an equally important role in metropolitan areas where commercial zones are numerous enough to lead consumers to choice decisions. How the consumer builds up his/her satisfaction is the second point of this article. Different aspects (perception of shopping possibilities, expected pricing practices, general global environment) of each commercial zone do combine in the consumer's mind producing satisfaction or dissatisfaction. In these combinations, access conditions appear clearly to play a secondary role. It confirms that the two variables (access and satisfaction) are independently assessed by consumers. The city centre pedestrian streets are generally evaluated by the consumers with the same criteria as the outer commercial malls but they differ on some important aspects. These differences distinctly arise from specific consumers expectations towards the two kinds of commercial zones.     

Retail Location at the Micro-Scale: Inventory and Prospect

Although the issue of retail location has attracted a great deal of academic attention, the bulk of this literature pertains to the national, regional and urban scales of analysis. An equally important, but comparatively neglected, consideration is micro-scale retail location; that is, location within planned shopping centres and unplanned shopping districts. This article reviews the literature on retail location at the micro-scale, summarises the current state of knowledge and sets out a future research agenda.     

Manufacturing Site Location Preferences of Small Agribusiness Firms

This study examined the perceived importance of site location characteristics identified in a 1999 survey of 198 small Tennessee agribusinesses. Responding firms ranked proximity to buyers/customers, labor, and raw materials above other factors. However, the relative importance of all factors varied by industry subsector. For example, compared to food processing firms, textile milling and lumber/wood products firms perceived community incentives as less important. Projected firm growth and current location also affected the perceived importance of site location factors. The diversity of perceived factor importance across agribusiness subsectors supports the idea that incentives and promotion of site location factors to attract small agribusiness may need to be tailored to meet specific firms' needs.     

零售商业圈区位选择及其问题规避

随着经济全球化和我国改革开放的进一步发展,大量国际性商业特别是跨国企业进驻中国市场。为了扩展商圈范围,提升企业竞争力,跨国商业企业往往选择那些具有优势的区位,以达到策略的可实施性和目标的可实现性。基于商圈实务理论,就沃尔玛超市进驻浙江省金华市这一实例,研究了沃尔玛商圈的范围及其实务,在此基础上指出沃尔玛超市在商圈扩张过程中应该规避的区位选择问题。     

跨国公司在华研究与开发投资区位选择的实证研究

本文选取我国吸引跨国公司研究与开发机构最多的前10位省份或直辖市的横截面数据,对跨国公司在华研究与开发投资区位选择的影响因素做实证分析。研究结果表明,跨国公司在华研究与开发机构的区位分布与区域的劳动力成本、通讯设施水平、市场规模、科技实力以及对知识产权的保护和重视程度等因素呈正相关关系。     

Retailer Dynamic Pricing and Ordering Decisions: Category Management versus Brand-by-Brand Approaches

This paper provides a framework for retailer pricing and ordering decisions in a dynamic category management setting. In this regard, the key contributions of this paper are as follows. First, we develop a multi-brand ordering and pricing model that endogenizes retailer forward buying and maximizes profitability for the category. The model considers (i) manufacturer trade deals to retailers, (ii) ordering costs incurred by the retailer, (iii) retailer forward buying behavior, and (iv) both own- and cross-price effects of all the brands in the category. Second, we use this model to compare differences in ordering and pricing decisions, and in profits, resulting from using a category management versus a brand-by-brand management approach. Our approach allows us to derive implications in a dynamic setting about the impact of interdependence among the brands upon decisions on pass-through of trade deals and retailer order quantity. We show that category management results in noticeably higher profits versus brand-by-brand and cost-plus (markup) approaches. Further, our results suggest an interaction between a brand's own-price effect and its cross-price effect emerges. If the cross-price effect for a brand is low - that is, the brand takes away relatively few sales from the other brands - the retail pass-through should increase with that brand's own-price effect. On the other hand, when the cross-price effect is high, the retail pass-through decreases with the brand's own-price effect.     

回归零售根本

继2001年沃尔玛夺得全球500强之首的宝座之后,2002年它又凭借其强大的增长后劲继续蝉联桂冠;与此同时,有资料显示。国内零售业在这几年中也经历了快速的发展。然而在快速增长的背后,逐渐暴露出投资后劲不足、投资回报率降低等一系列问题。然而．自1992年首家中外合资零售企业上海八佰伴登陆我国以来,在这12年的历程中．他们凭借其强大的资金实力、     

Robustness of an Intermittent Program of Comparative Retail Food Price Information

This study compares the distribution of food-item market basket prices across stores and relative to a local newspaper retail food price report. Distributions of prices for market baskets comprised of national brands and cheapest alternative brands coincided closely with the intermittent retail food price report. This suggests that consumer organizations with limited resources can produce comparative food-store price reports that provide useful information to consumers.     

消费者对中外零售品牌的态度比较研究

消费者对品牌的态度是建立和保持顾客忠诚的关键因素 ,本文通过对品牌态度的文献研究 ,选择具有代表性和可比性的家乐福广州万国广场店和世纪联华江南大道店的顾客态度分析进行对比 ,通过问卷调查与统计分析 ,证实消费者对跨国零售品牌的满意度高于本土零售品牌 ,并对本土零售品牌提出了改变消费者态度的建议。     

从比较优势走向竞争优势：中国对外贸易战略转变的依据和路径

古典经济学家提出并经完善的比较优势原理是中国参与国际分工和交换的基本依据。改革开放以来的中国对外贸易的实践证明,中国就是依据比较优势原理选择了具有比较优势的产业参与国际分工和交换。然而,竞争优势更能体现一个产业在国际市场上的竞争力,比较优势只是形成竞争优势的基础,竞争优势理论在当今国际贸易中具有更现实的指导意义。中固要在比较优势基础上提升产业的竞争力,将比较优势转变为竞争优势。     

Customers' Responses to Retail Brand Extensions

This paper considers the relationship between a core brand built around retail operations and an extension built around financial services operations. The fundamental question that underlies the paper asks whether a successful/unsuccessful implementation of financial services brand extension impacts positively/negatively on the core retail brand. Findings from over 1000 responses indicate that the retailer brand extensions under investigation do have a significant impact on the core brand. Further analysis, using customers who have experienced the brand extension versus those that have not, reveals that this impact can be negative as well as positive. That is, where a customer perceives the brand extension to be implemented poorly the relationship between the customer and the original brand is compromised.     

基于联合决策的供应链服务水平比较分析

在单周期和多周期订货策略下,研究销售剩余由销售商或供应商处理时,基于联合决策的供应链最优周期服务水平和订货策略。研究表明:销售剩余的处理方式和处理成本的分担方式,对服务水平有较大的影响;同样情况下,多周期订货确定的水平高于单周期,且在销售季节的大部分时间保持了稳定性。     

Barcode Empires: Politics,Digital Technology,and Comparative Retail Firm Strategies

Like other service sectors, information technology has dramatically altered the growth and character of the retail trade sector in the affluent economies. Nevertheless, significant variation exists in the typical strategies of retail firms in different countries. This article explores this variation and proposes an explanation for why retailers achieved scale and solved their make, buy, and partner decisions along such different trajectories. It argues that national bases for scale retailing were shaped by a series of political negotiations starting in the 1960s and 1970s. This demonstrates once again that technology implementation is rarely determined by the technology itself, but more often by social and political rules. Future technology platforms, such as web-based or mobile commerce, should be expected to follow similar political logics. As multinational retailing firms spread around the globe, this has important implications for national competition policy.     

手机零售:从高档消费到平民产品

<正>1987年,广州全运会开通全国第一个模拟电话系统,"手机"产品悄然开始了其在中国的历程。20年间,从最初的高档消费品,甚至是身份象征的"大砖头"到如今功能繁多样式多样的新型产品,手机早已走下高档产品的神坛,成为日益普遍的平民产品。而手机零售商在此期间,     

零售业:如何研究客户满意度

<正>十二五规划中明确提出,将逐步转变我国经济增长方式,提高居民可支配收入,实现包容性增长。中国经济也将在未来5年内,逐步提升内需对国民经济的拉动作用,     

日本零售业发展新趋势和对我国零售业的启示

随着老龄化、少子化、小家庭化浪潮的到来,年轻一代消费需求的转变以及信息通信技术的发展,日本零售业正面临着新的分化和转型.分析日本零售业的发展现状与最新趋势,对我国零售业的转型升级具有重要的借鉴意义.     

Values and Beliefs Related to Ethical Decisions

Although there is reason to suspect thatpeople's values and beliefs influenceintegrity-related decisions, few studies haveexamined the values and beliefs related tomanagerial integrity. In the present study,197 students were asked to complete measures ofvalues and beliefs as manifest in theirpreferred courses of action when confrontedwith ambiguous situations. Subsequently, theywere asked to work on a managerial ``in-basket'task where the decisions made might result inharm to others or harm to the organization. Itwas found that values and beliefs were relatedto both types of decisions producing multiplecorrelations in the 0.40s. People whose valuesstressed growth and contributions to others, asopposed to personal gain, and believed actionswere under their control, as opposed toexternal control, exhibited greater integrity. The implications of these findings forunderstanding leader integrity are discussed.     

法日英商业规划比较及思考

制定和实施城市商业规划,是市场经济条件下政府指导和管理商业的重要职能.法国、日本、英国等西方发达国家政府通过制定和实施城市商业规划,对建立本国商业公平竞争秩序、促进现代商业发展等发挥了作用,但它们在制定和实施城市商业规划的背景、体制、市场准入、实施效果及发展趋势等方面各有其特点,既有经验,也有教训.本文对法日英商业规划情况进行了比较分析,指出当前我国制定和实施城市商业规划的关键是要注重其科学性、系统性和影响力、约束力,加强对城市商业规划的宏观指导.