美国小企业融资体系对中国科技金融的借鉴

美国的小企业融资体系是建立在发达的资本市场基础上的、以市场为导向的政策性金融体系,以及与之相配套的法律法规与政策支持体系。系统研究美国小企业金融体系的法律与政策体系、服务体系以及发达的多层次资本市场与创业投资市场,对于中国发展科技金融支持中小企业创新,促进经济增长方式转变具有现实的借鉴意义。     

Service providers’ sustainable service innovation: service-dominant logic

This study examined the service innovation in different service providers with multiple case-study approach. From the perspective of service-dominant logic, four service innovation development models can be distinguished in Technology Development Program companies in Taiwan, including service system integrator and niche market, innovative service solution provider and niche market, innovative service solution provider and mass market, and service system integrator and mass market. Service providers develop ICT platforms, customer relationship management systems, community commerce services, and multi-channel services that are appropriate for a specific industry. On the one hand, active improvement of ICT service system integration extends company capabilities toward external cooperative partners through the provision of integrated product services and comprehensive solutions. On the other hand, innovative service solutions optimize consumer experience and customer relationship management and improve business effectiveness and reduce operations costs due to an important role assigned to services and experience in product sales.     

构建公共财政体制框架的对策思考

公共财政是市场经济条件下国家为市场提供公共服务而进行的分配活动,在这一分配活动中,公共支出是其完成环节,没有公共支出就没有公共服务。但我国目前正处在经济体制转轨时期,在构建公共财政体制过程中还存在一些问题。就这些问题进行深入分析,并提出对策与建议。     

When are strategic orientations beneficial for collaborative service innovation?

Despite the importance of collaborative innovation, the existing literature tends to be somewhat vague in identifying when strategic orientations are beneficial for service innovation between a focal firm and its business partners. The purpose of this study is to examine the relative effects of four strategic orientations (market, service, interaction, and learning) on collaborative service innovation performance, while considering the contextual factor of service offerings (basic installed base, maintenance, operational, and professional). Results based on survey data from 362 paired B2B firms show that learning orientation has the strongest effect on collaborative service innovation performance, and is the most effective for basic installed base services and maintenance services. In contrast, interaction orientation best supports those firms with operational services, while market and service orientations are more effective for professional services. Managers are advised to consider alternative strategic orientations individually aligned with service offerings to achieve desired collaborative service innovation outcomes.     

Establishing a system for innovation in a professional services firm

Professional service firms are facing new competitive challenges in a global market with more value-focused clients, service commoditization, regulatory changes, and new Internet-enabled business models. They increasingly need to improve competitiveness through sustained innovation of the value they provide and the efficiency with which they provide it. But how can firms establish an effective and sustainable innovation system? This Executive Digest shares a best practice model for innovation based on academic research and honed by a decade of practical experience in application across professional service firms in consulting projects. This work covers how to develop innovation strategies by establishing processes and organization to support innovation, providing innovation training, developing new services, and re-engineering existing services. The author, Alastair Ross, details the practices required and shares some of the challenges encountered in realizing them. This article draws heavily on his latest book, Innovating professional services: Transforming value and efficiency.     

物流企业实现创新效益途径的研究

随着我国服务市场对外的进一步开放和一些先进的物流理念及物流模式的引进,我国物流企业将会面临更为严峻的挑战,要想在竟争激烈的物流市场求得更好的发展,必须创新服务观念,创新服务方式,创新服务内容,要围绕服务创新做文章。     

Strategies of Major UK Building Societies: 1987-1993 Review,Analysis and Implications

During the last 20 years, R&;D and innovation activities in the service sector have clearly increased. In particular, business services are believed to be one of the main drivers of technical changes and economic progress. Looking at the labour indices calculated over the period from 1982 to 1996 one notices a remarkable increase of over 70 per cent for business services. About 8 per cent of total employment in West Germany is in business services. In particular, by taking advantage of information and communication technologies, knowledgeintensive business service firms increasingly play the role of ‘converters’ of technological information within the economy. They are providers, purchasers or partners in the context of innovation. A sound innovation capacity, especially knowledge, creativity, market and management skills, lets them become bridges for innovation.     

危机中物流企业服务项目新探

物流成为十大产业振兴规划的一员,旨在长期促进中国经济的发展。但是,由于第三方物流企业的物流服务的深度和广度有限,使企业危机重重。唯有满足客户、社会、行业的需求,开拓新的市场,才能在竞争中获得企业发展。因此,企业可以开展新的物流服务项目:第一,信息咨询服务,帮助企业将产品运往适销对路的地区;第二,商品展销服务,帮助工商企业缩短销售半径;第三,仓储超市服务,服务农村经济,提高农民生活质量;第四,物流集成服务,帮助企业做大做强。同时分析了当前实施这四个项目的条件。     

美国支持中小企业科技创新的政策体系及其借鉴

企业创新是各国经济增长的主要推动力,美国支持中小企业科技创新的政策已经形成了比较完备的体系,在立法支持、财政与税收支持以及创新服务支持等方面积累了丰富的成功经验。我国中小企业创新发展对建立"创新型国家"战略目标的实现具有重要意义,通过梳理美国支持中小企业科技创新的政策体系,分析提炼其主要特征,力图为我国中小企业科技创新提供有益的政策借鉴。     

JMS-Java-Based Meeting Space

The convergence of business, technology, and market forces have brought about the computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) phenomena. Many CSCW systems adopt an inflexible style of collaboration and coordination. The problem becomes obvious when different application tools are integrated into a single, comprehensive CSCW system and various applications need different degrees of interaction mode. We introduce JMS (Java-based meeting space), an object-oriented framework for developing synchronous collaborative applications. The JMS framework provides a comprehensive collection of services that supports cooperative interaction at system level. The application developers can tailor some of these services to the specific needs of particular collaborative applications and usage situations. These services are grouped into three main categories. First, JMS provides session management service supporting dynamic integration of application tools as well as dynamic membership. Second, group awareness service guarantees allotted communications within a session. Third, JMS offers floor control service accommodating a set of policies as well as underlying mechanisms. The application developer can bind a floor control to an application tool and switch from one floor policy to another during the session. Our implementation is based on a fully, object-oriented replicated architecture in which the application and management services are replicated at each site. To illustrate the feasibility of JMS in a practical organizational environment, an electronic meeting incorporating voting has been built on the JMS framework. We also provide a brief overview of CSCW and its significance in organizational computing-in electronic meeting, in particular-and compare JMS with other related works.     

Innovation in care services for the elderly

Ageing and innovation are usually considered to be contradictory phenomena. This article on innovation in care services for the elderly seeks to counter this established view. Taking as its starting point a definition of care services for the elderly that draws on the economics of services, the article advances a simple framework for analysing innovation in terms of ‘targets’. These targets, which make it possible to circumvent the usual economic categories (product and process innovation), are as follows: the various forms of assistance and residential provision for the elderly, the (tangible and intangible) technologies deployed, the services provided, the human environment (carers and relatives) and the institutional environment.     

推进我国现代服务业集聚功能园区发展的财税政策选择

我国现代服务业存在发展规模小,发展水平落后,结构不合理,支撑体系不完整等问题。从财税政策的角度看,选取功能园区试点,加大对服务业集聚功能园区财政投入;加大市场基础设施建设投入,明确支持重点,调整财政投入结构;用服务业引导资金弥补服务业领域的"市场失灵",建立多元化投资的风险投资机制;完善税收优惠政策,选准税收优惠政策支持的切入点;推动服务业增值税转型改革,促进我国服务业风险投资的发展;完善促进产、学、研联合和科研机构转制企业专项税收优惠政策,改进企业所得税相关的折旧政策和费用列支政策,并实行投资抵免制度等扶持现代服务业集聚功能园区的发展。     

德国专业化创业服务对我国的若干启示——以柏林经济技术促进机构柏林伙伴组织（BPBT）为例

柏林经济技术促进机构柏林伙伴组织是德国创业服务平台的成功典范,通过提供选址、创新、金融、人才以及国际化发展等专业化服务,加速企业创立、创新和壮大的过程,促进了柏林经济社会的发展。通过文献梳理,提炼其成功经验,提出要将专业化服务本身视作一种创新和创业,专业化服务应体现强大的战略判断能力、专注度和预见性,持续链接更广阔和更高价值的资源,形成更具普遍性的创业文化等若干观点。     

基于第四方物流的物流园区互联互通问题研究——双边市场视角

基于4PL的现代物流园区是典型的双边市场经营平台,为解决物流园区间物流服务供给与需求的外部不均衡性,利用双边市场结构模型分析物流服务水平不对称的两个物流园区双边市场经营平台的互联互通,并研究物流服务水平较低的物流园区的物流服务创新、物流园区双边市场交叉网络外部性对互联互通的综合影响。求解发现低物流服务水平的物流园区进行物流服务创新,在交叉网络外部性的综合作用下,会对两个物流园区双边市场经营平台互联互通后的利润、交易费、市场份额产生复杂的交叉影响。     

Sources of Customer Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with Information Technology Help Desks

As the use, development, and control of information systems diffuses through organizations and society, the importance of the information technology help desk in effective management and use of information resources increases. This study examines service encounters with help desks to understand the events and behaviors that cause customers to distinguish very satisfactory from very dissatisfactory service. While considerable research has investigated the determinants of customer satisfaction with service encounters in retail industries such as airlines, restaurants, and hotels, there has been little work investigating the dimensions of professional service encounters. Using the critical incident technique, the authors analyzed over 500 incidents from customers of information services. Help desk critical incidents were classified into three broad categories which were further subdivided into 12 categories which lead to satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The three broad categories, core service delivery failures, customer situation, and helper characteristics and behavior, were consistent with categories found in previous service encounter research, while the subcategories were different in several ways. This suggests that some dimensions of service encounter satisfaction are consistent across service industries, while others are context specific.     

我国中小民营制造业创新服务支撑体系研究

市场环境复杂多变、产品生命周期缩短、科技含量不断提高使得创新在制造业、尤其是在我国中小民营制造企业中的地位越来越重要。然而中小民营制造企业创新面临着政策、资金、技术、人力和风险等方面的创新障碍,为此政府需要建立包括创新政策和创新支撑系统、创新基础设施支撑系统、创新中介服务支撑系统以及创新风险规避支撑系统在内的面向中小民营制造企业的创新服务支撑系统,以促进其创新并提高其核心竞争力。     

The Globalization of Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in Services

I review the various interrelationships between innovation in service industries and the need for intellectual property rights (IPR) protection. A number of service sectors engage in significant innovation, particularly in information technologies, the internet, digital entertainment, and financial services, suggesting that IPR are of increasing importance in those areas. Other service sectors have not made much use of IPR to date but emerging patterns of innovation indicates that doing so will become a more central element of commercial strategy. A review of available survey evidence supports these views. I discuss how fundamental principles of IPR may be applied to various services and note certain gaps in policy regimes that should be filled in order to meet the needs of these sectors.     

The economic relationship between service quality and market protection for regulated household-goods moving

In considering the effects of motor carrier regulation, the direct measurement of service quality is an often neglected issue. This paper is an empirical investigation of the relationship of entry controls to service quality for household goods (HHG) moving services. The major research questions, which are based on inferences in the economic literature, have considerable importance for HHG regulation. The major finding is that carriers who receive the greatest market protection from the ICC provide inferior service quality and do not compete away excess returns by raising the level of service quality. Based on the study results, a number of theoretical and policy implications are discussed.     

On innovation patterns and value-tensions in public services

In the innovation studies literature, innovation patterns have been described, such as science-based and practice-based innovation, that vary among industrial sectors. As a consequence, firms become distinguished with respect to their typical innovation pattern. Less attention has been paid to the possibility of intertwined innovation patterns. Focusing on public sector services, this paper argues that intertwined innovation patterns emerge within public services as a response to value-tensions. Values can be defined as measures for beneficial behaviour that guide innovation. Value-tensions in public services include tensions between the political, economic, communal, aesthetic and intellectual values. The contribution of the paper to service innovation research is the emphasis on the concept of intertwined innovation patterns, such as the intertwinement of science-driven and task-driven innovation. Furthermore, the paper contributes by pinpointing how varied values guide innovation in public services.