基于顾客满意和顾客忠诚关系的市场细分方法研究

There exist different views and opinions on the links between customer satisfaction and loyalty. This paper suggests that the impact of customer satisfaction on loyalty varies across customers. This study choose the cell phone industry in China as an example and segmented customers with a novel method of clusterwise linear regression, based on the association between customer satisfaction and loyalty. Results revealed sample heterogeneity in relation to the two factors. The loyalty of some subgroups is positively related to satisfaction significantly, while that of other clusters is independent of satisfaction. Translated from Nankai Guanli Pinglun 南开管理评论 (Nankai Business Review), 2005, 8(5): 26–30     

Applications of the behavioural homogeneity evaluation framework: The predictive ability of consumer involvement for international food market segmentation

Abstract

This article proposes a framework of alternative international marketing strategies, based on the evaluation of intra- and inter-cultural behavioural homogeneity for market segmentation. The framework developed in this study provides a generic structure to behavioural homogeneity, proposing consumer involvement as a construct with unique predictive ability for international marketing strategy decisions. A model-based segmentation process, using structural equation models, is implemented to illustrate the application of the framework.     

Retail market segmentation: the use of consumer decision-making styles,overall satisfaction and demographics

The objective of the current study was to determine segments of younger and older retail shoppers on the basis of the use of decision-making styles, overall satisfaction and demographic factors. To collect data for this study a structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 894 urban shoppers residing in two cities in Botswana whose ages were between 18 and 64 years. The shoppers were intercepted in the shopping malls. The unique aspects of this study include the analysis of age differences in the factor structure of consumer decision-making styles as well as the investigation of hybrid segments of the general shopping public using consumer decision-making styles in conjunction with overall satisfaction and demographic factors. Eight decision-making styles emerged for both younger and older shoppers. However, only three styles being Time energy conserving, Perfectionism, and Habitual buying emerged in both age groups. The key findings also reflected that both younger and older shoppers were represented in three segments which were labelled as: uninhibited, functional and laid-back shoppers. Younger shoppers were also classified as recreational quality seekers whilst older shoppers were labelled as novelty–quality seekers. The use of decision-making styles varied significantly across the four segments in each age group. Further differences were observed based on overall satisfaction, education, marital status and income subject to the age group. These results represent a solid attempt to extend knowledge of shopping behaviour in a modern retail sector within a developing country, which is essential for retail mix development and positioning strategies.     

Understanding post-pandemic market segmentation through perceived risk,behavioural intention,and emotional wellbeing of consumers

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered consumer behaviour, leading to varying levels of perceived risk for different products and services. Companies must reassess their market segmentation strategies and adapt them to take effective countermeasures to improve employee performance and achieve the desired results. Research on post-pandemic segmentation is lacking. Thus, this study aims to create consumer archetypes based on perceived risk and examine how they affect behaviour and emotions post-pandemic. Based on 1,140 survey responses from Taiwanese consumers, consumer segments are classified into three archetypes: Moderate, Aggressive, and Hesitant. The Hesitant group mainly comprised senior women who faced high physical and psychological risks. In contrast, the moderate archetype group had the lowest levels of perceived risk but showed less interest in shopping activities and personal hygiene than the other two groups. Aggressive shoppers prioritise quality and convenience, with fluctuating emotions during shopping, despite moderate concerns about the virus.     

Market segmentation of airline cargo transport

This study evaluates the market segmentation of airline cargo transport according to service requirements of air freight forwarders. Data obtained using a questionnaire survey reveal that cargo safety is perceived as the most important service attribute, followed by freight rate, cargo tracking, and flight punctuality. Factor analysis is employed to group service attributes into six categories, namely assurance, promptness, empathy, convenience, value added, and customization. According to these service attributes, users of airline cargo transport are then classified into three market segments, namely professional service-oriented, empathy-oriented, and express service-oriented air freight forwarders. Suggestions on marketing strategy formulation for each respective segment are also provided as references to airlines.     

Latent class modeling of website users’ search patterns: Implications for online market segmentation

Appropriate modeling of web use patterns may yield very relevant marketing and retailing information. We propose using a model-based clustering approach for market segmentation based on website users’ search patterns. We not only provide a detailed discussion of technical issues such as the problem of the selection of the number of segments, but also a very interesting empirical illustration of the potentials of the proposed approach.     

农村贫困人口分布及其结构性扶贫对策的实证研究

本文根据ELES分析认为,总消费口径的2002-2004年农村贫困人口分别为2699万人、3827万人和3323万人,贫困人口的收入分布呈现“两端分化”的特征,即人均纯收入小于100元和收入400元以上的群体构成农村贫困人口的主体,这要求政府实行结构性的扶贫政策。为此,对最低收入者和最贫困地区加大财政转移支付力度,对贫困人口中的“较高”收入者和地区做好开发式扶贫,建立和完善农村社会保障体系和制度,增强贫困人口的创收能力应成为扶贫政策的根本目标。     

Consumers and deregulation of the electricity market in Germany

Against the backcloth of EU regulation, this note looks at the “politics of necessity” regarding electricity provision in Germany. Electricity as a case is chosen because its provision has been undergoing a profound process of liberalisation and deregulation, and there is a considerable amount of experience with the chances and pitfalls of liberalisation in this sector. Secondly, electricity is a network industry and a natural monopoly subject to systematic market failure, which calls for regulation. The paper starts out with a closer look at the consumer as an actor in the regulation process, proposing a three-role model of the consumer as a market player, as a citizen, and as a micro-producer in households and networks. In these roles, consumers take on different social and political identities; they are affected differently by (de)regulation of essential services and have different options for reacting to quality and price issues. It then describes the legal state and the development of deregulation in the electricity sector in Germany. Selected empirical data are presented, and consumer policy implications are drawn.     

调控上网电价对稳定市场价格的政策效果实证研究

基于VAR模型和中介效应模型等定量分析手段,研究了我国上网电价波动对市场价格波动的影响效应,探索调控上网电价对稳定市场价格是否具有积极的政策效果。结果表明,上网电价的调整在滞后一期会对CPI和PPI产生负向冲击,从而抑制市场价格上涨,而随着滞后期不断增加,影响作用趋于减弱;同时,在上网电价波动影响市场价格波动的过程中,存在CPI和PPI之间相互中介效应,即存在上网电价→PPI→CPI、上网电价→CPI→PPI的影响途径。总体来看,我国调控上网电价,在一定程度上起到了稳定国内市场价格的积极作用。     

决策树分类法中ID3算法在航空市场客户价值细分中的应用

针对当前航空企业的实际需求,运用数据挖掘理论中的ID3分类算法,对在机场候机旅客调研数据进行分析,可以了解到在后期航空公司发展高端客户过程中,营销策略应该关注的重点客户群体,应该是本公司现有的和未来的常旅客这个客户群,而其中交通方式为小型轿车的常旅客又是营销策略的重中之重。     

The case of market and system failures in services innovation

This paper reviews and analyses the rationale for an innovation policy in services. It focuses on the relevance of the various categories of market and system failures, on the basis of economic arguments and some empirical evidence at EU level. Results show that market and system failures affect service innovation, so that there are no economic reasons supporting any discrimination of policy actions against service activities. Moreover, some of the market and system failures may be even more relevant in the field of services than of goods, although differences between categories of services should be also taken into consideration.     

要素市场分割对货币政策区域产出效应的影响——基于全国省际静态面板数据的实证研究

在区域经济结构改革的背景下，要素资源的不完全流通性加剧了货币政策区域非对称性。本文使用2003-2015年省际面板数据回归分析要素市场分割对我国货币政策区域产出效应的影响，认为要素市场分割对我国货币政策产出效应产生了抵消作用。而后对比东中西部地区抵消效应发现：在扩张性货币政策条件下，资本品需求规模和收益率更高，劳动力市场更加活跃、再配置空间更大的东部地区，要素市场分割对货币政策效应的抵消作用更大。     

A股市场新股的因素定价模型实证研究

现代股权定价理论对A股初始定价时存在缺陷,采用主成份回归法,确定影响A股初始定价的主因子,在此基础上建立初始定价模型。根据模型,影响A股初始定价的因素从高到低分别为:成本因子、投资偏好因子、市况因子、业绩成长性因子,实证结果与传统股票定价理论并不吻合。     

Understanding the role of China's domestic market in the (unequal) growth of world economy

This study investigates the rising role of China's domestic market expansion from 1995 to 2011 in the world economy's growth. China maintained high domestic expenditure growth during the entire period, with even bigger increases in the last years, when the global financial crisis and subsequent economic recovery occurred. The expenditures facilitated rapid growth through high demand for durable goods, which are produced across widely fragmented Asian channels. At the same time, China integrated further into the global economy and imported intermediate goods increasingly became embedded in goods for domestic sale. These two forces combined to magnify the impact of China's market expansion on foreign economies but disproportionately more on its neighbouring countries and sectors related to durable goods production. Specifically, our estimates suggest that the expenditure growth in China over the 2009–11 period added about 1 percentage point to the annual GDP growth rate in Taiwan, Malaysia and Korea, while the NAFTA and EU member countries typically benefited by less than 0.1 percentage point.     

Vertical and financial ownership: Competition policy and the evolution of the UK pub market

Abstract

Traditionally the UK brewing industry was vertically integrated with brewers owning and controlling pubs. This came to an abrupt end in the forced divestment of a large proportion of the major brewers' pub estates in the 1989 ‘Beer Orders’. The divested pubs spawned the independent pub companies. This study of regulatory policy and financial services interest in the UK brewing industry poses the question of whether the original industrial structure was preferable to what has emerged subsequently. The contribution of the article is in highlighting the risks and rewards of regulatory intervention in deeply-embedded organisation and the sustainability of alternative business models that emerge.     

Towards a conceptual model of country market selection: Selection processes of retailers and C&C wholesalers

Abstract

International market selection is discussed in general, particularly in respect of decisions on evaluation stages, selection criteria and evaluation methods. The present analysis focuses on the configuration of country selection models, which has received little attention in international retailing research. In order to illustrate the special features of market selection in retailing, we have used an innovative approach. Following a review of general theoretical perspectives, a case study of the Metro Group addresses the process used, inter-country selection and country-specific selection, and also shows the role of corporate principles and firms' situational factors. Based on existing literature and the case study information, we propose a strategic approach in modelling country selection processes. Three steps in the construction of a selection model are discussed and related to corporate principles and situational factors of a retail firm. The analysis is a further step towards understanding the processes of retailing internationalization.     

Optimal dynamic regulation of carbon emissions market

In this article, we deal with optimal dynamic carbon emission regulation of a set of firms. On the one hand, the regulator dynamically allocates emission allowances to each firm. On the other hand, firms face idiosyncratic, as well as common, economic shocks on emissions, and they have linear quadratic abatement costs. Firms can trade allowances so as to minimize total expected costs, which arise from abatement, trading, and terminal penalty. Using variational methods, we first exhibit in closed form the market equilibrium in function of the regulator's dynamic allocation. We then solve the Stackelberg game between the regulator and the firms. The result is a closed-form expression of the optimal dynamic allocation policies that allow a desired expected emission reduction. The optimal policy is unique in the presence of market impact. In absence of market impact, the optimal policy is nonunique, but all the optimal policies share common properties. The optimal policies are fully responsive, and therefore induce a constant abatement effort and a constant price of allowances. Our results are robust to some extensions, like different penalty functions.     

The evolution of strategic asset-seeking acquisitions by emerging market multinationals

We study the extent to which emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) engage in strategic asset-seeking acquisitions in advanced countries in relation to the strength of their home- and host-country national innovation system (NIS). We suggest that early acquisitions by EMNEs were used to compensate for the EMNEs relatively weak home NIS, and targeted weaker host NIS to limit the cognitive gap EMNEs would need to address. Instead, more recent acquisitions by EMNEs are supported by a stronger home NIS, and target firms in stronger host NIS. We also propose that acquisitions by high-tech (versus non-high-tech) EMNEs need a stronger home NIS due to the technological complexity of the industry, and are limited when the complexity of a stronger host NIS adds to the industry context. We find support for most of our arguments on 179 acquisitions in the Triad by Brazilian, Russian, Indian and Chinese multinationals.     

International market exit by firms: Misalignment of strategy with the foreign market risk environment

International market withdrawals by firms continue to persist regardless of geography, industry, firm experience, and national origin. The extant literature argues that a host of factors, such as firm characteristics, organizational capabilities, host country environment, international business risks, strategy and strategic choices are among the likely reasons for firms to prematurely exit the markets they have entered. Drawing from the contingency theory, we contend that underlying most market exit events is the misalignment of firm strategy with the foreign market risk environment. This happens when managers fail to optimize strategy formulation and implementation in view of the foreign market risk environment. Based on an in-depth examination of 62 cases of foreign market exits via pattern coding using NVivo 12, we delineate common patterns accounting for market withdrawals. We then formulate propositions with respect to how misalignment between strategy and risk environment interferes with foreign market exits in accordance with the contingency theory. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical implications, managerial recommendations, and suggestions for future research and limitations.