创建中小企业服务体系的必要性、问题与框架分析

中小企业量大面广,数量众多,在促进市场竞争、增加就业人数、推进技术创新、推动经济发展和维持社会稳定等方面发挥着重要的作用。然而由于中小企业自身的原因和竞争环境的影响,使得中小企业在与大型、超大型企业的竞争中处于明显的弱势地位,中小企业需要借助中小企业服务体系的扶持,实现自身的良性发展。     

International Technology Transfer by Small and Medium Sized Enterprises

This paper attempts to summarize the key issues involved in the international transfer of technology by small and medium-sized enterprises. All the evidence suggests that small and medium-sized enerprises will not, in aggregate, be the major suppliers and transferrers of technology in the world economy, but they can fill crucial niche roles. The success of these niche roles will be partly determined by the key relationship between firm size and industry size and by small and medium sized enterprises being able to ride the dynamics of the industry.     

试论中小零售企业共同物流服务的难点与对策

中小零售企业在我国的零售业中占有重要地位,也越来越重视物流服务,共同物流服务是中小零售企业发展的客观需要,本文通过分析中小零售企业共同物流服务中面临的物流服务需求目标、物流服务运作管理、物流服务利益分享方面的难点,从共同物流服务理念的推广、各种资源的整合、共同物流服务企业的培养、利益分享机制的建立四个方面提出中小零售企业开展共同物流服务的对策。     

中小企业发展中的问题解析

加入WTO,我国中小企业所面临的挑战和机遇并存。努力提升核心竞争力是企业生存和发展之本。本文针对中小企业存在的主要问题进行了分析,并提出了自己的看法。     

Market Orientation and Internationalization in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises

This article builds on studies from the literature on market orientation (MO) and internationalization to develop a model and a set of hypotheses regarding the relationships among MO, knowledge acquisition (KA), and market commitment (MC), and the direct and indirect effects of these variables on the performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in foreign markets. The model and its hypotheses are tested by means of an empirical study of a multi‐industry sample of Spanish SMEs operating in foreign markets. The results, obtained by structural equation modeling, indicate that a direct positive relationship exists between MO and a strategy of internationalization, and that the effect of MO on performance in foreign markets is moderated by KA and MC.     

网络经济条件下中小企业的管理创新

在开放平等的网络经济条件下,中小企业的传统经营管理模式必须进行创新。为此根据管理观念、组织结构、生产经营方式三个方面在网络经济条件下企业管理的特点,制定管理创新措施,并在进行管理创新过程中要注意几个相应问题。     

中小企业融资问题的契约理论分析

通过比较分析现在流行的企业资本结构理论中的权衡理论和新优序理论的缺陷 ,认为资本结构的契约理论是一种比较适合于解释中小企业融资行为的理论。同时通过对中小企业的特征及其契约成本的分析 ,弄清适合中小企业发展的各种融资模式的适用环境。最后依据契约理论的要求 ,探讨企业融资契约的设计及多层次的中小企业资金供应体系的形成过程     

中小物流企业融资供给体系的构建

中小物流企业普遍存在的融资难问题已成为制约其发展的瓶颈。结合中小物流企业金融支持不完善的现状,提出从开拓物流银行业务、拓宽融资供给渠道、建立健全中小物流企业信用担保体系三方面来具体建设中小物流企业融资供给体系,以促进中小物流企业健康发展。     

中小型制造企业作业成本法的绩效考评探析

为获得竞争优势,越来越多的中小型制造企业开始设计适用于自身情况的绩效考评体系,但仍然存在绩效考评不够全面、考评结果不够客观、企业员工对绩效考评理念认识不足等问题。这需要中小企业在作业成本法下设计绩效考评体系,并对所设计指标进行一次性检验。同时,企业在发展壮大的过程中还应注意保证原始记录的真实细致性,健全存货的计量、验收和盘点制度,切实落实绩效考评体系,及时反馈考核结果等问题。     

Market Orientation Among Small to Medium Sized UK Charitable Organisations: Implications for Fund-Raising Performance

ABSTRACT

A mail questionnaire was distributed to a sampling frame of 613 small to medium sized UK charities in an attempt to ascertain the extents of their fund-raising market orientation. Three major dimensions of market orientation were identified: donor orientation, competitor orientation, and 'influence of marketing personnel.' These factors substantially explained respondents' perceptions of their charities' recent fund-raising performances. Organisations scoring high in market orientation appeared on average to have increased their incomes by significantly higher percentages over the previous five-years than charities low on market orientation. Overall, the results suggest that the importance of effective marketing is widely recognised by smaller UK charities.     

国外中小企业融资比较及启示

中小企业成长的速度持续加快,它是我国目前发展市场经济的主要着力点,在国外经济中也是不可或缺的组成部分。为了使中小企业有良好的融资渠道,许多国家都在为中小企业如何获得融资便利提供政策上的支持。虽然各国的金融制度不同,但国外中小企业融资对我国的中小企业具有借鉴作用。本文通过对不同国家的中小企业支持的机构、政策进行了探讨,进行比较,总结了国外有效可行的融资对策和成功经验,提出了在我国中小企业融资中具有实际意义和值得借鉴的方法。     

Assessing Social Capital: Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Germany and the U.K.

"Social capital" can be considered to be the product of co-operationbetween various institutions, networks and business partners. It haspotential as a useful tool for business ethics. In this article weidentify categories pertinent to the measurement of social capital insmall and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). By drawing on three differentsectors, one business-to-business service, one business-to-customerservice, and one manufacturing, we have enabled the consideration ofsectoral differences. We find sector to play an important part inrelation to business practices and social capital. Our inclusion of SMEsfrom Germany and the United Kingdom has called attention to cultural,institutional and economic aspects of two regions of Europe and how theycan influence SME social capital. Social capital is found to beinfluenced by context and, in particular, institutional arrangements. Inanalysing the data we note particular areas of interest from the pointof view of SMEs and social capital as being: formal engagement,networking within sectors, networking across sectors, volunteerism andgiving to charity, and finally a focus on why people engage. We concludethat there is a considerable amount of further research needed on socialcapital, SME's and business ethics.     

中小企业融资中的自有资金信贷机制

银行贷款收益取决于贷款利率和贷款风险两个因素。在贷款利率受到管制时,理性的银行为了实现期望利润最大化,要求企业提供足够抵押来规避贷款风险。我国中小企业由于自身特征及所处信贷环境的原因,银行向其贷款风险大,且得不到足够抵押品,也没有第三方提供担保,这就导致中小企业贷款难现象。因此,我国商业银行应该灵活运用抵押、担保、关系贷款和自有资金多种手段,积极构建中小企业的多层次信贷机制体系。     

Outsourcing of Information Systems Functions in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: A Test of a Multi-Theoretical Model

In this paper determinants of information systems (IS) outsourcing are deduced from transaction cost economic theory, resource-based theory and power theory. They are summarized in a theoretical framework which is tested using a sample of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Germany. The results show that internal performance and know-how deficits vis-à-vis external service providers are key determinants that explain why different IS functions are outsourced to varying degrees in SMEs. Moreover, the determinants of IS functions were found to partially differ between IS functions. Revised reprint of an article from WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK 43(4)2001:339–350.

The Establishment of Global Marketing Strategic Alliances by Small and Medium Enterprises

Within the constraints of financial resources, it remains possible for SMEs to find ways of cultivating their global marketing activities. Based on the balanced scorecard concept, we are able to develop a model, under a two-stage diagnostic process of subjective and objective conditions, to assist SMEs in making the best available choice in their global marketing activities.Following on from our examination of Taiwanese SMEs, this empirical study proposes four types of global marketing activities: the setting up of upstream and downstream joint after-sales service centers; the establishment of joint distribution warehouses; the development of products with regional characteristics; and the building of domestic and global retail distribution channels.     

服务中小企业信息技术采纳推荐系统的研究

本文针对目前我国中小企业信息技术采纳遇到的诸多问题,分析了中小企业的自身特点并提出通过推荐系统消除在信息技术采纳过程中产生的信息不对称现象,从而有效地帮助企业进行合理的信息技术采纳,降低信息化建设投资的风险,使中小企业在信息化建设中实现效益最大化。     

An Empirical Approach to the Financial Behaviour of Small and Medium Sized Companies

This paper shows how the financial behaviour of small and medium sized companies is influenced by size and business sector. This idea underlies two research approaches to capital structure: (i) credit rationing, and (ii) the pecking order theory. Both approaches are based on asymmetric information and have been widely developed over the past two decades. An analysis has been carried out on 1000 Valencian companies that were randomly selected from the state company registry. These companies were divided by size before analysis. As an innovation, the investigation implements a multivariate MANOVA model that takes into account two key variables in the financing of small and medium firms. Our results show that size influences company self-financing strategies, and that business sector influences short-term financial policy.     

Examining the Link between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Learning Processes in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises

The present study unravels how small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) learn and determines the role that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) plays in how they learn. Adopting a multilevel perspective on learning and the unique role of the management team in SMEs, the study empirically examines the “feed‐forward” learning process initiated by the intuition and interpretation of individual managers, advanced by integration on the management team level, and brought to the organizational level by institutionalization. It also identifies firm‐level EO as an antecedent to this process on all three organizational levels, highlighting the relevance of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk‐taking with respect to learning in SMEs.     

The White Paper on Growth,Competitiveness and Employment and Greek Small and Medium Sized Enterprises

This paper makes an assessment of the homo-genous approach and policy measures towards SMEs, adopted by the White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness and Employment and by national policies in Greece. It is demonstrated that there is a key distinction between the structure of competitive, high-tech, highly-specialized SMEs in advanced countries, whose size is determined by the size of the international niche market where they compete, on the one hand and on the other, SMEs in Greece or in other less developed member-states, whose (micro) size is determined by the local markets they serve, while in most cases they do not have the marketing skills/approach to address export markets. Copying successful instruments for SMEs in advanced countries can thus be most dangerous for the less developed countries, since the industrial organization of the typical SME is very different from those SMEs in Northern Europe. Therefore, the effects of policy measures, without further modifications, will be different from those envisioned by the EU policy-makers. Increasing the utilization of assistance by SMEs in less developed member-states is likely to be more effective if the assistance focuses on incentives and services, which support cooperative action in local and foreign markets, rather than on direct SME financing.