Employment relationships within European airport retailing

Despite undergoing major strategic change, airport retailing has remained a neglected area of academic study. As a consequence, the structure and operation of labour market operations within airport retailing remains largely undocumented. This article attempts to redress this issue by providing an examination of the factors that influence the employment relationship within an airport environment. Using a qualitative research methodology, it details the means by which airport authorities and retailers have attempted to restructure their employment relations in response to changing market conditions. The article takes the concepts of labour market segmentation and flexibility and examines the applicability of ‘dualist’ theory to airport retailing.     

中国零售业自营与联营问题的流通经济学分析

零售业自营与联营之争由来已久，在当前供给侧结构性改革、完善促进消费体制机制以及零售业寻求创新发展的背景下，有必要对这一问题展开进一步的理论探讨。文章结合马克思流通经济理论指出，自营和联营的本质区别在于是商业资本还是产业资本承担商品流通职能，自营和联营并不是非此即彼的互斥关系，但如果零售业完全倚重其中一种模式并在全社会推向极端，则需要反思商业资本和产业资本是否各得其所和高效分工。在中国流通体制变革中，虽然联营模式在特定历史时期帮助众多零售企业渡过生存危机并推进内资零售快速扩张，但发展至今，已呈现零售业普遍联营的情况，使零售业整体面临着制约创新发展的新问题。数字经济为零售业回归自营提供了有利契机，零售企业应充分利用新技术摆脱联营制的路径依赖，依托数字化开展深度自营并全面提升流通效率。     

The impact of store hours and redistributive income effects on the retail industry: some projections for Germany

In this paper, the impact of the relaxation of Blue Laws on the retailing industry structure will be examined with regard to the 1996 store-hour expansion in the Federal Republic of Germany.The first part will deal with the historical development of Blue Laws in the US, Canada and the UK. The assessment of Germany's trading time situation and proponents' and opponents' previous arguments about whether or not to implement the proposed legislation will lead to an analysis of relevant conceptual and empirical research to evaluate expected restructuring effects on the German retailing industry.The impact of redistributive effects is determined, predictions with regard to the projected development are established, and directions for future research are generated.     

The games retailers play

Game theory has helped to clarify and simplify a wide variety of business decisions, yet has rarely been applied in a retailing context. This article pairs three contemporary retailing issues with three well‐known strategic games in an effort to spark the imagination of the strategist and the student. The issues of trading hours, saturation and Investment in innovation are examined through the application of the Prisoner's Dilemma, Tragedy of the Common, and Boxed Pigs. Implications of the games for retail decision‐making and for management education are explored.     

国外政府规制对我国零售业管理的启示

本文认为,政府在零售业方面符合自身发展特色的规制及正确定位,对经济增长起着重要的促进作用。当前我国零售业政府规制缺乏整体发展战略,规制体系不完善,规制执行软弱无力。为了促进我国零售业管理变革,文章提出,应建立长远的商业规划和布局,确定零售业合理的发展速度和方向,建立完善的政策法规体系,充分发挥行业协会的监督管理作用,保证规制的有效执行,培养强大的消费者利益集团。     

自营式电商的数字化升级机理

自营式电商是传统零售自营模式基于互联网情境的拓展,然而其原有的痛点与瓶颈依然存在。探讨自营式电商如何更好地发挥商业资本职能具有理论和实践的双重意义。不同于电商发展的早期阶段,数字化为自营式电商跳出传统的盈利困境、摆脱单一的平台化转型思路、回归自营并最终驱动流通效率变革提供了广阔可能。为了揭示自营式电商如何实现数字化升级,文章首先从理论视角出发,归纳了自营式电商的本质属性和数字化作用的可能路径。而后选取了两家典型的案例企业,结合微观情境刻画了其内在机制。研究发现：利用数字技术,自营式电商可以通过强化商业资本职能提升商品经营效率,通过供应链反向整合实现流通效率与生产效率的同步改进,更能以数字化赋能的方式加速市场扩张并提升线下实体门店的运行效率。以上机理为自营式电商及其数字化零售创新提供了一定启发。     

世界零售业与我国零售业的发展趋势

全球经济的加快增长为零售业的发展提供了良好的经济环境和动力,世界人口的增长为零售业的发展提供了广阔的需求和发展空间。中国消费品市场蕴藏着巨大的潜力,零售业在中国市场的发展空间非常广阔。但我国的零售业与外国相比,还存在着明显的差距,应针对我国零售业与我国零售企业竞争的劣势,采取相应措施,使其做大做强。     

Retailing in the Transition Economies of Poland and Romania: A Comparative Analysis

This research compares and contrasts the current state of development in the retailing industry in the transition economies of Poland and Romania. Two issues examined in this research are (a) the process of market reforms and resulting developments in store-based and non-store retailing, including the competition among large multinational retail chains and small local retail stores, and (b) the structure of the retail industry in terms of market share of 17 different categories of retailers within their respective sectors, namely, grocery retailers, specialty retailers, and non-store retailers, and overall growth registered by these retailers in the last 5 years (2004–2009). Managerial implications of the findings in terms of the opportunities and challenges in different categories of retailing business in the two countries are discussed, and directions for future research are identified.     

Transformation of Metrics and Analytics in Retailing: The Way Forward

The retail industry is undergoing tremendous changes that are driven by technology, changing consumer tastes, economic pressures, competition, stakeholder relationships, environmental concerns, and governmental regulations. Our article explores analytics as a capability that helps retailers excel in this dynamic environment. We identify the reasons behind the trends in the retail industry and provide guidance for retail managers on how to improve customer relationship management using appropriate metrics and effective analytics. Our guidance to retail managers emphasizes the importance of brand recognition, explores tactics for enhancing customer experience, recommends establishing superior customer engagement, forging social connections among consumers, and rendering service and support to customers, and highlights a data-oriented approach to retailing. We conclude with suggestions for future research in this domain.     

机场零售业的营销特征分析

机场零售业对机场总体营业额、航空运输业客户满意度有重大意义。与普通零售业不同,机场零售业的客户群按照其行为特征可以分为“情操享受型”、“随机发现型”和“应急需求型”。消费行为的主要诉求是集个性化、舒适性、便利性、尊重感和成就感于一体的。相应的营销组合是,满足客户需求创造客户价值、按创造的客户价值定价、建立多渠道交互性的有效沟通、为顾客提供便利服务,同时兼顾创造性的差异化供给,防止同业竞争者间产品与服务的雷同。     

Measuring image: shopping centre case studies

The first goal of the paper is to define the concept of micro-marketing, overcoming the 'specialized' perspectives and definitions that have prevailed so far. Micro-marketing relates to ways of controlling environment complexity, facilitated by information technology and required by highly competitive markets. Such control has three forms: segmentation , which reduces complexity to a controllable number of variables; organization , which absorbs a certain amount of complexity by modelling the structure onto the environment; technology , which explores complexity and dominates it through simplification. The second goal is to demonstrate that micro-marketing can build a sustained competitive advantage. Finally, the theoretical implication of the diffusion of a micromarketing approach in the retailing industry is discussed. The areas of strategy, organization, channel relationships, and customer satisfaction are examined. Should micro-marketing become widespread in the retailing industry, we argue that its final result would be increased welfare for the consumer, as long as retailers capitalize on the power of information and stand as a 'countervailing power' to suppliers in the channel.     

Equity ownership and control of international joint ventures in the retail sector

Abstract

This study examines the relationships that exist between consumers' perceptions of a retail environment and their emotions, satisfaction and behavioural intentions with respect to that shopping setting. A model of these relationships is developed and then tested in two distinct retail settings—shopping centres and traditional retailing areas. The results show that, in general, positive perceptions of a retail environment have a positive influence on positive emotions, on repatronage intentions, and on the desire to remain longer in the shopping area in both retail settings. However, some interesting differences emerge between shopping centres and traditional retailing areas: (i) the internal environment has a stronger effect on emotions in shopping centres than in traditional retailing areas; and (ii) the internal environment has a negative effect in shopping centres on the disposition to pay more.     

Retailing Innovations in a Globalizing Retail Market Environment

In recent years, the combination of economic growth and population growth in emerging markets and less developed markets has accelerated the progression of globalization of retailing and globalization by retailers. The challenges faced by global and globalizing retailers (retailers who currently have or intend to establish a market presence in mature markets, emerging markets and less developed markets) can be more daunting compared to those faced by firms in other industries such as automobiles, steel, and computers. Retailing innovations that are responsive to the characteristics of distinctive national markets and broader aggregations of markets such as mature, emerging and less developed markets are critical to the success of global and globalizing retailers. Against this backdrop, this paper focuses on retailing innovations in the context of a globalizing retailing environment. It attempts to shed insights into the characteristics of retailing innovations conducive to superior performance in distinctive national markets and across broader aggregations of markets. Towards this end, we first examine the environmental conditions of markets in different development stages, namely mature, emerging and less developed markets, and explore consumer based, industry based, and legal/regulatory based challenges faced by globalizing retailers in these markets. Second, we show how these challenges can be transformed into opportunities with retailing innovations. We conclude with a roadmap for future research and present propositions on future development with respect to retailing innovations in these markets.     

上海零售业态的变迁与城市商业空间结构

在经济全球化和城市功能转型的背景下,零售业变得越来越重要,不仅是商业更是经济的重要组成部分。从历史演变、空间布局的角度对上海零售业的发展和现状进行了分析,在此基础上分析上海几个典型零售业中心的形成机制、业态特征、存在问题,并总结概括出零售业态演变对商业空间结构的影响。     

Crafting Integrated Multichannel Retailing Strategies

Multichannel retailing is the set of activities involved in selling merchandise or services to consumers through more than one channel. Multichannel retailers dominate today's retail landscape. While there are many benefits of operating multiple channels, these retailers also face many challenges. In this article, we discuss the key issues concerning multichannel retailing, including the motivations and constraints of going multichannel, the challenges of crafting multichannel retailing strategies and opportunities for creating synergies across channels, key retail mix decisions facing multichannel retailers, and the dynamics of multichannel retailing. We synthesize current knowledge drawn from the academic literature and industry practice, and discuss potential directions for future research.     

British retailing: the institutional context

This paper argues that retail change is profoundly influenced by the national context in which trading takes place. The British retail system is seen as controlled by key agents, the most powerful of whom are in the City of London (the City) and who control the systems for funding. This highly concentrated power leads to a herd mentality that often has the effect of driving all the leading chains into the same predictable formats. This problem is illustrated by reference to the British food retailing system. It is further suggested that a paradigm that makes explicit the power relationships in the system is the most appropriate one to aid our deeper understanding of change.     

FDI流入与服务业市场结构变迁——典型行业的比较研究

随着中国加入WTO承诺的履行,中国服务业对外开放程度大大提高,外商对我国服务业的投资出现了持续和大幅度增长的趋势,同时,服务业市场结构的变化也是有目共睹的。本文对代表典型市场结构的三个服务行业(零售业、银行业和保险业)进行比较研究,认为,FDI是决定中国服务业市场结构变化的主要原因,而对于三个不同的行业而言,作用的方向和强度也有显著区别。本文分析了可能的影响因素和相应的政策建议。     

Organising Shopping Services: Trends in Canadian Retailing, 1972–87

This article argues that innovations in organisational form are the driving force behind changes in retailing. After describing the decline in the value added component of retail sales that has occurred in Canada since the early 1970s, it then argues that an analysis of this trend should situate retailing within the more encompassing framework of shopping and recognise the response of organisations to externalities arising in shopping activities. Organisational change economises on the costs of coordination by reassigning activities and changing the incentives that face interacting agents. The argument is illustrated with examples from shopping centres and franchising.     

Private label brands: major perspective of two customer-based brand equity models

In recent years the retail industry has been characterized by the fast growth of private labels, with an increase of the offer of private labels and the enhancement of their value in the marketplace. This research focuses in private label brand equity to deepen the understanding of its origins, by analyzing two alternative customer-based conceptual models. The present study was developed in the large retailing industry, comprising different retailing formats that offer private labels to consumers. Our findings suggest a conceptual private label brand equity model, which is slightly different from the Aaker's brand equity model, considering store image as an antecedent and stressing its importance in building and enhancing private labels' brand equity. Additionally, retailers searching for successful ways to compete in the retail market need to examine in more detail the customer-based brand equity related to their private labels.     

产业耦合、区域异质性与新零售组织场域

新零售业态发展受制于零售业与物流业耦合状况。两业耦合约束下，如何构建新零售组织场域是深化零售业变革以提升经济效率的重要现实问题。文章首先量化分析中国东、中和西部区域零售业与物流业耦合关系及其协调发展水平；其次提出考虑区域异质性下的新零售制度创业优势路径，并剖析新零售组织场域建构过程及其逻辑。研究发现：(1)中国零售业与物流业处于正向非对称共生状态，且共生度表现明显的区域差异；(2)零售业与物流业耦合互动状况整体不佳，东部协调水平最高，总体处于中度协调阶段，西部协调水平最低，处于勉强协调阶段；(3)东、中和西部理应分别建构平台服务商、实体零售商和物流服务商主导下的新零售组织场域；(4)三种新零售组织场域形成过程中的制度创业、集体行动、合法性建立以及新旧制度联动变迁等组织行为逻辑存在差异。研究结论为推进中国新零售业态持续健康发展提供理论支撑和实践启示。