导游员职业能力培养探析

导游员作为旅游业的"窗口",其职业能力的高低直接关系旅游服务质量、旅游业的整体水平和旅游目的地国家或地区的整体形象.在我国,导游人才教育培养严重滞后,对职业能力的理解缺乏全面性和科学性,职业能力培养缺乏系统性和重点.提高导游员职业能力,应明确树立培养技能型导游人才的目标,建立"双向"培养流程,多方面提高导游整体素质;要改变传统考核手段,建立新的评价体系,以利于全面衡量导游的综合能力.     

Network collaboration and performance in the tourism sector

This study used the partial least squares (PLS) and structural equation modeling (SEM) tool to examine factors influencing collaboration among tourism operators in an island economy. It also measures the impact of collaboration on network performance. Statistical results confirm that communication and commitment impact on collaboration while collaboration in turn positively influences performance. Collaboration also mediates partially the impact of communication and commitment on performance. The results, besides indicating the suitability of the PLS in statistical analysis, has also contributed to a better understanding of tourism networks in an island economy in Penang which hitherto has not been tested. Findings are useful for policy makers, tourism associations and practitioners to enhance Malaysian tourism. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also included.     

满族文化遗产的基本特征及其旅游深度开发

我国满族文化遗产资源丰富完整,民族特色鲜明,地域文化浓厚。同时又兼具开放、包容等显著的特征,具有很高的旅游价值。应深入挖掘满族文化内涵、整合满族文化遗产资源、对其进行品牌建设、开发具有满族特色的体验型旅游产品等。     

Tourism coopetition: An introduction to the subject and a research agenda

This paper aims to verify the current status of the research on coopetition applied to Tourism. In order to overcome the lack of tools for analyzing competitive advantage generated by relational components, this paper suggests the use of the coopetition construct as a methodological tool for analyzing the cooperation in networks for the management of tourism destinations. To that end, we performed a bibliometric analysis on ‘tourism coopetition' in scientific research papers published from 1995 to 2015 and indexed in the Web of Science and SciVerse Scopus databases. This helped us to conclude that coopetition is a behavior representing the key organizational methods of tourism destinations, especially when considering the interdependence and complementarity of this sector; thus, it should be a fundamental topic of tourism research. In this sense, the paper presents a research agenda in order to establish coopetition as key to understanding the behavior of all those involved in tourism at a particular destination.     

乡村旅游可持续发展的对策分析

新农村建设促进了乡村旅游业的发展。然而,乡村旅游在于可持续发展;而可持续发展的真谛在于乡村的自然生态、乡村经济和社会都可以获得可持续发展。现阶段,我国在乡村旅游发展中,对供需矛盾缺乏科学的认识和妥善的处理,使乡村旅游的发展陷入困境。发展乡村旅游,应充分抓住历史机遇,采取生态保护、城乡互动、社区参与、旅游扶贫和对外开放等策略和模式,努力克服乡村旅游可持续发展的制约因素,促进我国乡村旅游从总体上进入可持续发展的状态。     

Relationship Marketing and Association Management

Executives of associations, clubs, and professional societies need to understand and utilize a marketing oriented approach to managing their organizations. Marketing is not just selling a product; it is the sensitivity and commitment to align the organization's purpose to satisfying its members. Associations' success depends on maintaining its current members, attracting new members, and invoking involvement. Since associations do not usually offer a "product," it is necessary that they concentrate on presewing and serving their membership through quality service. This paper explains the importance of implementing a marketing orientation as well as the value of improving marketing efforts for associations.     

黑龙江省旅游业的发展潜力

黑龙江省有一批具有相对优势甚至相对垄断地位的特色资源 ,为发展旅游业奠定了良好的资源基础。在分析黑龙江省旅游业发展现状的基础上 ,指出黑龙江省发展旅游业的重点在于冰雪旅游、生态旅游 ,特别是森林生态旅游和漂流旅游。提出黑龙江发展旅游业的措施。     

提升黑龙江省旅游业竞争力的研究

旅游业竞争力是当今研究的热门话题之一。黑龙江省有着丰富的旅游资源,但其存在着产品结构单一、产业结构不合理、可进入性差以及旅游专业人才缺乏等问题,严重影响着旅游业竞争力的提升。应该采取发展新的旅游模式,加大产品创新力度,培育企业集群,增强形象建设,注重人才培养等多项策略来增强黑龙江省旅游业的竞争力。     

Reflections on ethics,sport and the consequences of professionalisation

This review of ethical implications of the professionalisation of sport argues that conventional sports ethics, which in the spirit of amateurism emphasise concepts of fair play, are increasingly inappropriate in professional sport. The formalist position, that fair play requires playing within the rules, is explored as are notions of playing to the rules, gamesmanship and cheating. It is argued that ethical problems in elite sport increase as a result of external factors including the celebrity of sportspeople, a tarnished image of some administrators, influences of external stakeholders (e.g. the mass media, commercial sponsors and betting interests), and the expectations of fans. Hence a worryingly negative picture of declining ethical standards in the face of internal and external pressures emerges, with little prospect of sports reforming from within, despite that appearing to be in a sport's best interests.     

旅游饭店中级职业经理人胜任特征模型研究

研究在文献分析和行为事件访谈基础上,设计旅游饭店中级职业经理人胜任特征调查问卷,对南京市旅游饭店中级职业经理人群体实施抽样调查,采用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析方法探索和检验胜任特征模型的合理性和有效性。探索性因子分析结果表明,旅游饭店中级职业经理人的胜任特征由"沟通与团队建设"、"职业道德与特质"、"自主学习力"、"自我控制和执行力"、"管理思维"五个维度22个特征要素构成;验证性因子分析表明,"沟通与团队建设"、"职业道德与品质"、"自主学习力"、"自我控制和执行力"、"管理思维与工作绩效"的标准化路径系数分别为0.60、0.50、0.48、0.60、0.59,模型能够预测和反映工作绩效。     

Wine tourism: Chilean wine regions and routes

Wine tourism is an important activity in several wine-producing countries. Yet the roles wine tourism plays within winery strategies remain unclear. This exploratory study investigates and differentiates the roles wine tourism plays within winery strategies in Chile. A generic literature review suggests that many questions remain unanswered within the wine tourism debate, substantial differences exist from country to country, and little of what researchers have uncovered seems to apply to Chile. The paper uses empirical data to systematically examine the various wine regions and routes in Chile, highlighting heterogeneities in demand and supply. One can classify winery business models into two broad strategies. The first is wineries that see wine tourism as a link in a long-distance, possibly inter-continental relationship marketing (RM) chain. The second is wineries that see wine tourism as their best hope of survival. The paper considers the implications of each strategy, both to Chile and to other wine-producing countries.     

基于文化遗产的旅游文化营销策略——以湖北省安陆市为例

随着文化经济大发展大繁荣,文化遗产已成为竞争性的旅游资源。以SWOT方法分析,安陆市发展文化旅游,应充分发挥现有优势,认真分析面临的劣势;牢牢抓住国家支持文化旅游产业的机会,认真对待各地开展遗产旅游带来的竞争;充分发掘和整理文化遗产资源,采取品牌、产品、广告、渠道、差异化等营销策略,努力与消费者需求接轨并不断创造着更高层次的消费需求,最终实现区域内高附加值旅游产品的成功销售。     

Like a member of the family: including and excluding paid caregivers in performances of family

Abstract

We explore the construction of family in contemporary families that employ professional providers of childcare and elder care. We find that families and caregivers at times construct family together, including the caregiver as a family member, while at other times, consumers construct family in ways that exclude the caregiver. Through our exploration of these various ways of constructing family, we offer three theoretical contributions. First, we challenge traditional distinctions between consumers and producers and highlight the fluid, contextualised nature of family by demonstrating that some contemporary constructions of family include paid service providers. Second, we elucidate the ways in which the provision and consumption of a service, everyday care, produces a liminal position for some service providers. Finally, we develop a broader understanding of the ways in which performances of family protect cultural values.     

Administering the Employment Relationship: The Ethics of Conflict Resolution in Relation to Justice in the Workplace

The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical overview of the ethical concept of organizational due process in relation to contemporary issues in the utilization of company grievance procedures in the rapidly growing nonunion arena. Another objective of this paper is to appraise the current practices that employers have evolved for resolving issues generated by grievances, particularly those of professional, white collar employees.     

Micro and small enterprise participation in tourism in coastal Kenya

Small business participation in tourism can help diversify income and contribute to poverty reduction in some circumstances. We examined micro and small enterprise (MSE) participation in tourism and the linkages between tourism businesses and MSEs in the coastal region of Kenya, using data from two surveys involving 449 MSEs and 49 hotels. Tobit regression was used to estimate the determinants of MSE participation in tourism, as well as the proportion of products purchased by hotels from MSEs. The results indicated that older, larger MSEs and those that were members of associations were more likely to participate in tourism. The determinants of hotel procurement from MSEs included age of the hotel, bed capacity, and management characteristics. The results highlight the opportunities and barriers for MSE participation in tourism and have implications for policies related to sustainable tourism development, regional economic development, and enhancement of rural livelihoods.     

大连节庆旅游的SWOT分析及发展建议

大连市的节庆旅游发展较早、项目繁多,但发展中仍存在一些问题。依据SWOT分析法剖析,可以发现大连节庆旅游项目:既有其独特的城市形象、良好的旅游业发展空间、得天独到的自然环境等良好优势,也存在着建城历史短、文化底蕴薄;缺少专业策划人才等劣势。同时,也发现具有很好地发展机遇。为全面提升大连节庆旅游水平,在发展对策方面应注重依托城市形象,充分体现"浪漫之都";主打独特的沙滩文化,开拓市民空间;培养专业节庆人才,形成动态空间辐射;开发旅游淡季产品;提高大连节庆旅游知名度。     

Unapplied Ethics: On the Need For Classical Philosophy In Professional Ethics Education

The central claim of this essay is that thoseof us who teach applied ethics courses shouldconsider infusing those courses withdiscussions of central issues in classicalphilosophy, issues which lie beneath thesurface of contemporary ethical problems in theprofessions. I will argue that the current,widely-used approach of discussing traditionalethical theories as an introduction to andfoundation for such courses may not adequatelyserve what should be the overarching goal ofpre-professional ethics education which is toteach a kind of ethical thinking which is notto be identified exclusively with ethical``decision-making'. Such thinking, it will beargued, is both practical and theoretical innature and therefore has a greater breadth thanthe more delimited ethical decision-makingoften taught in applied ethics courses. In whatfollows, I will therefore advocate thatteachers include a substantive ``unapplied'component in professional ethics educationcourses. While I believe that my argument foran unapplied approach to professional ethicseducation is relevant to many professionalfields, I will focus on business ethicseducation.     

UK Charity Retailing: Managing in a Newly Professionalised Sector

The charity retail sector has seen unprecedented growth in the UK over the past ten years. Alongside this growth charities have become progressively professionalised and commercialised and have begun to adopt strategies developed in commercial retail contexts. This paper unpacks this process of professionalisation examining exactly what it constitutes on the ground. It then goes on to consider in turn how this new professionalism has impacted on store managers. The paper closes in considering the challenges represented by these requirements and offers some suggestions for future research.     

反倾销:地方行业协会的优势及功能

在世贸组织框架内,我国建立应对贸易摩擦体系,必须重视发挥地方行业协会的作用。本文以分析地方行业协会的组织优势和功能优势为基础,从建立反倾销应诉机制、形成反倾销预警、促进地区产业结构升级以及培养反倾销专业人才等方面阐述了地方行业协会应对倾销与反倾销的具体功能,并就其在新形势下的提升对策做了探讨。     

Management Educators’ Expectations for Professional Ethics Development

Professional associations, like the Academy of Management, exist to foster and promote scholarship, exchange among faculty, and an environment conducive to member professional ethics development. However, this last purpose of such organizations has received the least amount of attention. Moreover, previous research has demonstrated that there are differences in perceived needs for professional ethics development between tenured and untenured faculty. In the current research 260 Academy of Management members were surveyed. The research identified differences between tenured and untenured management faculty with respect to expectations for the Academy of Management to provide ethics education and research with respect to the professional code of conduct. Implications of the findings are discussed from a developmental perspective. Directions for future research are provided.