国际税收协定中偷漏税的防止

就税收协定的作用而言,它除了要消除双重征税外,还要防止跨国纳税人的偷漏税。为此,国际税收协定一般都制定了一系列条款来协助缔约国的税务机构防止偷漏税和跨国企业利润的隐蔽转移。这些条款有:有关核实常设机构收入的条款、有关联属企业的条款、有关利息和特许权使用费的条款等。近年来,有些税收协定还增加了有关防止和用税收协定进行税务投机的条款。然而,税收协定中税务情报交换的条款,对于防止偷漏税来说,具有特别重要的意义。     

“一带一路”背景下如何提升税收协定服务规范

随着世界经济一体化加快,特别是自2015年我国正式提出"一带一路"倡议以来,国家间的贸易投资往来日益频繁,凸显税收协定作为协调国与国之间税收利益矛盾、消除国际间重复征税重要手段的作用。目前,我国已对外签署110多个税收协定(含内地与香港、澳门签署的税收安排,大陆与台湾签署的税收协议,以下统称"税收协定"),其中与"一带一路"沿线国家间的税收协定50多个。如何有效利用好税收协定,降低"引进来"企业税收负担,优化税商环境,为"走出去"企业提供支持与帮助,维护其合法权益成为税务部门一项重要工作。本文主要阐述了税收协定的概念、作用,日常执行中存在的问题及易引发的风险,对当前形势下税务机关如何提升税收协定服务规范提出建议。     

中印吸引外国直接投资 (FDI) 税收政策的比较

本文从税收政策角度考察了中印两国在吸引FDI方面的类似与不同,指出,中国除实行内外资企业所得税法的统一,还应在双重征税免除协定的签订以及产业、技术和地区引导等方面加强努力,以提供一个公平的税收环境。     

合伙企业个人所得税“先分后税”的弊端及“先税后分”的设想

目前,我国合伙企业个人所得税实行“先分后税”征税模式,存在经营主体、核算主体、纳税主体相分离的缺陷,在税收实务中产生很多弊端。本文在论述“先分后税”弊端的同时,提出了以“先税后分”模式取代“先分后税”模式的设想,并探讨了“先税后分”模式的特点和该模式下个人所得税避免重复征税的可行方法。     

解析中小企业“税负之痛”——重税负的另类对抗

中国税收体制最大的问题是,征税成本高、税负不合理。换个角度看,企业偷逃税等违规、违法行为可以看做企业对重税负的直接对抗。中国税收体制最大的问题是,征税成本高、税负不合理。     

论合伙企业相对有限责任公司的比较优势

相对于有限责任公司,合伙企业具有出资优势;具有宽简的设立、运作条件和程序;合伙企业的税收负担较轻;新合伙企业法增加了有限合伙制度和特殊普通合伙制度;此外,合伙企业还具有贷款利率低和凝聚力较强的优势。     

论税收成本内涵界定及其构成体系

政府靠税收采保障其正常运行,企业只有纳税才能在一个国家或地区生存,所以说,政府征税和企业纳税在自古以来就是天经地义的事情.政府征税不可能没有成本,而企业纳税也不可能没有成本,况且税收对于企业来说本身就是一种成本支出.对税收成本的认识不够,必然会制约政府税收成本和企业纳税成本的管理和控制.     

中国企业海外并购的税收风险与控制

随着中国经济的持续发展,中国企业在海外并购中扮演着越来越重要的地位。但是,海外并购存在着许多的风险。其中,税收风险是其中一个不容小觑的方面。对海外并购的税收成本进行剖析,企业主要面临着所得税缴纳的税收成本。而在海外并购中,所得税的缴纳主要存在跨国重组以及国际双重征税的两个重要问题。分别是跨境重组和国际双重征税问题。针对这两个问题,企业在税法风险控制方面要注意利用重组优惠和避免双重征税。在维护我国税收利益的同时,降低税收成本。     

论合伙企业财产的法律性质及破产后的处置

当前为了能从制度层面帮助合伙企业健康稳定发展,非常有必要对合伙企业财产的法律制度问题进行研究。另外,合伙企业也会因为经营不善等原因导致需要依照《破产法》的规定和程序进行申请破产,但是在合伙企业破产财产的认定司法实践方面仍然存在争议,所以当前急需对合伙企业申请破产后的财产进行明确的法律定性,以便能对其做出正确的处置。     

对于C2C模式下电子商务税收管理对策的探究

对于C2C电子商务，是否对其征税，如何才能有效地征税、降低征税的成本，如何完善整个征税系统，这些都是电子商务税收征管难题。因此，本文将从我国对电子商务的税收征管现状入手，分析C2C电子商务的税收征管问题，最后对传统的征管系统提出改革建议。     

The effects of casino gambling on state tax revenue

A theoretical model of state tax structure implies that revenue enhancement due to the introduction of casino gambling is less likely in states where incomes taxes do not exist and where casino tax rates are lower than the corresponding tax rates on sales taxable and excise taxable goods. Further, it is clear that casino gambling is likely to adversely impact lottery tax revenues earmarked for education. Due to the cross-price effects of gambling, tax revenues will likely decline in states that introduce nontaxable casino gambling on Indian reservations. In the longer term, as casino gambling proliferates increasing competition among states, there will be negative revenue consequences due to fewer tourism and employment dollars.     

Structure of the optimal income tax in the quasi-linear model

Existing numerical characterizations of the optimal income tax have been based on a limited number of model specifications. As a result, they do not reveal which properties are general. We determine the optimal tax in the quasi-linear model under weaker assumptions than have previously been used; in particular, we remove the assumption of a lower bound on the utility of zero consumption and the need to permit negative labor incomes. A Monte Carlo analysis is then conducted in which economies are selected at random and the optimal tax function constructed. The results show that in a significant proportion of economies the marginal tax rate rises at low skills and falls at high. The average tax rate is equally likely to rise or fall with skill at low skill levels, rises in the majority of cases in the centre of the skill range, and falls at high skills. These results are consistent across all the specifications we test. We then extend the analysis to show that these results also hold for Cobb-Douglas utility.     

促进收入公平分配的税收政策研究

税收作为国家宏观调控的重要手段之一,应当在调节收入分配差距方面发挥积极作用。本文从"双主体"税制结构出发,通过分析引起收入差距的税收原因,总结现有税种调节作用的效果和不足,从流转税、个人所得税、财产税及社会保障税等几方面提出增强税收公平收入功能的政策建议。     

The relative variability of state income and sales taxes over the revenue cycle

The cyclical variability of state income and sales taxes is examined for each state by estimating the degree to which each tax follows the state's overall revenue cycle. Income taxes are found to be consistently more cyclically variable, and less predictable, than sales taxes. Factors explaining differences in cyclical variability across states are then identified in a regression model. States without income taxes have less cyclically variable revenues than states with both income and sales taxes, suggesting that cyclical variability in states without income taxes could not be reduced by broadening the tax base to include an income tax.     

Estimates of average marginal tax rates on factor incomes in Japan

In this paper, we estimate average marginal tax rates on factor incomes in Japan from 1963 to 2007. We adapt the method of D.H. Joines [Estimates of effective marginal tax rates on factor incomes. J. Bus. 54 (2), 191-226.] to the Japanese tax and social security system. Average marginal tax rates on labor incomes without social security premiums range from 14% to 21%, whereas the rates on incomes with social security have increased from 21% to 33%. Tax rates on capital incomes have fluctuated between 35% and 58%. We also compare our estimates with average tax rates and the wedges from business cycle accounting.     

完善我国个人所得税制的思考

本文分析了现行我国个人所得税存在的明显不足,特别是在调节个人收入和公平社会分配方面存在的突出问题,根据构建社会主义和谐社会的要求,提出了进一步改革和完善个人所得税的设想。     

Top incomes in China: Data collection and the impact on income inequality

Using data on top incomes collected from different sources, we combine the samples of top incomes with a household survey (HS) to investigate changes in income distribution with and without top incomes. The Gini coefficient of income inequality using HS data is 0.464 for 2016 and jumps to 0.646 after including the samples of top incomes, which demonstrates the importance of top incomes in estimating income inequality.     

城乡税制统一中关于增值税和所得税的建议

农村税费改革极大地减轻了农民负担。下一步农村税费改革的具体措施存在很大的争议。基于对农村种养业的调查,在比较不同种养业的产业化、收益水平和投资来源后,笔者建议对粮食等基本生活资料的生产应实行免税政策,对高收益的特种种养大户先行征收增值税和所得税,以期逐步建立完全统一的城乡税制。     

Brain drain and income taxation: A UK case study

This paper summarizes the UK experience of professional immigration from LCDs since World War II, with specific estimates for the period between 1964–1972. Bhagwati-type estimates [see J. Bhagwati and W. Dellalfar, “The Brain Drain and Income Taxation”, World Development, Vol. 1. No. 1 (February 1973).] are made in order to assess the potential revenue which might be raised through imposition of a surtax on after-UK-tax incomes of professional immigrants. This revenue would then be recycled back to the LDCs. The paper considers such influences on immigration trends as UK employment prospects and immigration policy in the USA, and closes with a discussion of the scope and implications of the proposed tax.