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1.
Charles Bérubé Marc Duhamel Daniel Ershov 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2012,12(1):47-65
Are more competitive industries more innovative? Empirical investigation into various theories of innovation in industrial
organization, agency theory, or endogenous growth, make diverse predictions with respect to this long-standing open question
in economics. In this paper, we investigate the empirical relationship between competition intensity and firm innovation using
a new micro-database containing a large sample of Canadian manufacturing enterprises over the 2000–05 period. Using three
different measures of competition intensity, we find evidence that competition intensity is positively related to firm-level
expenditures on research and development (R&D) in Canadian manufacturing industries. However, we also find that this relationship
is dampened when more firms are further from the technological frontier of their industry. Nevertheless, the results provide
evidence for a Schumpeterian interpretation, whereby market power can increase business incentives for innovation when many
firms are technological laggards. 相似文献
2.
Recent theoretical models have suggested that the relationship between competition and innovation may best be characterised as an inverted‐U shape: firms in industries with low levels of competition are more likely to innovate in the wake of increased competition as they attempt to escape competition, while those in highly competitive industries will decrease innovation in the wake of increased competition as the profit incentive to innovate dissipates. Results from other studies have found positive as well as negative relationships between innovation and competition. In a parallel literature, trade economists have produced conflicting results regarding the impact of trade liberalisation on innovation. One stream of research has shown that increased access to imported intermediate goods increases productivity, suggesting a positive relationship between imports and innovation. Others have hypothesised that firms may use the technology embodied in intermediate inputs as a substitute for domestic innovation. In this paper, we merge these divergent literatures and investigate whether innovation, as measured by the production of patents by US manufacturers, has been impacted by market competition and tariff reductions. Our empirical findings indicate that insulation from imports in the form of higher tariffs on final goods was associated with innovation until the late 1980s, while falling tariffs on intermediate goods appear to have facilitated innovation during the 1990s. We also find evidence of the inverted U‐shaped relationship between market competition and innovation. 相似文献
3.
Using a large panel of Italian firms, spanning the years from 1995 to 2003, this study investigates the relationship between
bank debt and non-financial SMEs’ performance, evaluating whether and to what extent this link is affected by the degree of
competition characterising the local credit market where firms operate. Controlling for inertia, unobserved heterogeneity
and the endogeneity of some performance determinants, we find that the (negative) impact of bank debt on firms’ performance
is weaker for firms running in more competitive banking markets. We interpret this result as evidence that a more intense
banking competition may lead to better credit conditions for small and medium-sized firms. 相似文献
4.
信息技术革命和国际垂直分工深刻地改变了全球制造业的生产格局和竞争基础,传统的企业间竞争正逐渐演化为供应链间的竞争。对2011-2018年A股制造业上市公司的实证分析发现:供应商集中度负向影响企业创新,但这一效应在市场地位较高的企业中得到弱化;客户集中度与企业创新则呈显著正相关,且在市场地位较高的企业中得到强化。研究还发现,融资约束缓解是供应链集中度影响企业创新活动的作用渠道。研究对于供应链与创新活动之间的关系做出了文献贡献,并对创新驱动发展战略下企业根据自身市场地位权变性地从事创新活动提供了实践指导。 相似文献
5.
This paper analyzes the escape-entry incentive for innovation by incumbent firms. The threat posed by the possibility of leading-edge
firms entering the market influences incumbent innovation. To overcome problems of endogeneity, we apply an instrumental variable
approach to analyze a rich firm-level dataset (1987–2000) for Germany. We find evidence that domestic entry has a negative
effect on incumbent product innovation, which is a strong indication of new entrants’ comparative advantage in commercializing
new ideas. In contrast, domestic entry has a positive effect on incumbent process innovations, an effect also known as the
escape-entry effect. 相似文献
6.
Jorge Heredia Xiaohua Yang Alejandro Flores Cathy Rubios Walter Heredia 《Thunderbird国际商业评论》2020,62(4):393-409
This study explores the determinants that drive new product innovation by employing the integrative strategy tripod approach. We analyze data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey on 1,692 manufacturing firms in China using a novel methodological approach (a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis) that focuses on multiple conjectural causations. Interestingly, our findings suggest that R&D investment alone is not a sufficient condition to facilitate a firm's product innovation, but stable government policy is a necessary condition for R&D investment. Even with a low level of R&D investments, it can achieve innovation if those investments are made in conjunction with high technology information system investments for supporting customer relationships. Finally, we find that when firms perceive informal competition to be a significant obstacle to their operations and R&D investment, they tend to engage in corrupt actions to create innovation. Implications for research and practice are provided. 相似文献
7.
Innovation in SMEs exhibits some peculiar features that most traditional indicators of innovation activity do not capture.
Therefore, in this paper, we develop a structural model of innovation that incorporates information on innovation success
from firm surveys along with the usual R&D expenditures and productivity measures. We then apply the model to data on Italian
SMEs from the “Survey on Manufacturing Firms” conducted by Mediocredito-Capitalia covering the period 1995–2003. The model
is estimated in steps, following the logic of firms’ decisions and outcomes. We find that international competition fosters
R&D intensity, especially for high-tech firms. Firm size and R&D intensity, along with investment in equipment, enhances the
likelihood of having both process and product innovation. Both these kinds of innovation have a positive impact on firm’s
productivity, especially process innovation. Among SMEs, larger and older firms seem to be less productive.
相似文献
Jacques MairesseEmail: |
8.
This paper examines the relationship between organisation structure and innovation performance in a large sample of UK small and medium-sized enterprises. It asks whether there is an optimal structure and whether this differs between different firm environments and between young and older firms. We find that the influences on the ability to innovate differ from those on the commercialisation of innovations. We show that decentralised decision-making, supported by a formal structure and written plans, supports the ability to innovate in most circumstances and is superior to other structures. We also find some evidence that young firms operating in high technology sectors with informal structures have a greater tendency to be innovative. In addition, we find very few differences between young and older firms in terms of their optimal structures in low technology sectors. 相似文献
9.
Dual-edged tools of trade: How international joint ventures help and hinder capability building of Chinese firms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Forming international joint ventures (IJVs) with multinational corporations (MNCs) from advanced economies has been widely adopted by firms in emerging economies as an organizational approach to building up their innovative capabilities. In this paper, we emphasize that such an approach has both advantages (knowledge transfer from MNCs) and disadvantages (overdependence upon MNCs and reduction of innovation incentives) in the capability building of indigenous firms. Utilizing a longitudinal dataset consisting of 474 industries in China during 1998–2002, we find supporting evidence for the co-existence of the positive and negative impacts of IJVs. Specifically, we find that IJV presence has an inverted U-shape impact on innovative capabilities of indigenous firms; such an impact is stronger in industries with low (versus high) technology gap. We discuss the implications of our findings for research, managerial practice, and government policy. 相似文献
10.
《International Business Review》2019,28(5):101490
We examine the effect of increased competitive pressures within and outside the home market on the innovation of local firms. We argue that the relationship between exposure to foreign competition in domestic and international markets and firm innovation is better captured by imitative innovation than by radical innovation. We hypothesize that exposure to foreign competition inside and outside the home country is positively associated with local firms’ imitative innovation. Further, we argue that this relationship is contingent on institutional factors, including the role of the government, the legal system, and natural resource endowment. Using a dataset of 949 firm-year observations in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, we find empirical support for the positive impact of competitive pressure on imitative innovation. 相似文献
11.
This paper studies the effects of local market attributes on local firms’ exports of innovations. Our starting point are three
common hypotheses. First, innovations are a major determinant for the export performance of firms. Second, user–producer interaction
is an important factor for successful innovations. Third, user–producer interaction is most efficient in close proximity.
Taken together this would mean that intense local user–producer interaction increases exports. This reasoning contradicts
a main proposition in international management that overt local responsiveness may be hampering export chances of a firm.
In order to generate global innovations, an international firm should look at the world market instead, for instance by identifying
the global common denominator of national preferences. Yet, many local innovations have become globally successful. This paper
investigates the question to what extent local demand is capable of inducing innovations that are export effective. We utilize
data from the German innovation survey of 4,786 firms in the manufacturing and service industries. In this survey firms were
asked about the sources of their innovation and their export activities. We find evidence that the export orientation and
the domestic demand structure stimulate export success. 相似文献
12.
We explore the innovation performance benefits of alliances for spin-off firms, in particular spin-offs either from other firms or from public research organizations. During the early years of the emerging combinatorial chemistry industry, the industry on which our empirical analysis focuses, spin-offs engaged in alliances with large and established partners, partners of similar type and size, and with public research organizations, often for different reasons. We seek to understand to what extent alliances of spin-offs with other firms (either large- or small- and medium-sized firms) affected their innovation performance and also how this performance may have been affected by their corporate or public research background. We find evidence that in general alliances of spin-offs with other firms, in particular alliances with large firms, increased their innovation performance. Corporate spin-offs that formed alliances with other firms outperformed public research spin-offs with such alliances. This suggests that, in terms of their innovation performance, corporate spin-offs that engaged in alliances with other firms seemed to have benefitted from their prior corporate background. Interestingly, it turns out that the negative impact of alliances on the innovation performance of public research spin-offs was largely affected by their alliances with small- and medium-sized firms. 相似文献
13.
A review of the literature indicates that Foreign Direct Investment has the potential to increase the intensity of competition and to act as a channel for technology transfers. Using a Spanish firm level data set, we disentangle these effects by estimating a dynamic model of firm level performance, which we proxy by mark-ups. We find that FDI has a positive long-run effect on the mark-ups of targets, but this is limited to firms in R&D intensive sectors. In addition, we find weak evidence that foreign presence dampens margins. However, this effect appears to be more than compensated by positive spillovers in the case of knowledge intensive industries. 相似文献
14.
Prior literature argues that, given the existence of information asymmetries and agency costs, higher competition may increase financial constraints by reducing banks' incentives to build lending relationships. Using a sample of listed firms for six Latin American countries, we analyze the relation between banking competition and financial constraints. We find evidence in line with prior research that banking competition increases financial constraints. This result is robust and heterogeneous. We include other country-specific variables and check the robustness of our findings; the main results hold. Our results show that the effect of competition differs across firms and industries. Specifically, consistent with the information hypothesis, the negative impact of competition is higher for small quoted firms and for low-assets tangibility industries. Also, as expected, we find evidence that firms are more affected by financial constraints during the last crisis. This negative effect is larger for firms in more competitive banking industries. 相似文献
15.
This paper examines innovation responses of a panel of Japanese firms to the intensified import competition from China in the period 1995–2005. We build a comprehensive firm-level dataset linking patents and R&D merged to cross-industry measures of Chinese import competition. Accounting for a simultaneity bias between innovation and importing and the possible heterogeneous effects across firms, we found that patenting has increased in response to an influx of Chinese imports, but it has adversely affected the quality of innovation, measured by forward citations received. These effects are only observed for globally engaged firms, not for firms focusing on the domestic market. 相似文献
16.
Price discrimination is generally thought to improve firm profits by allowing firms to extract more consumer surplus. In competition,
however, price discrimination may also be costly to the firm because restrictive incentive compatibility conditions may allow
the competing firm to gain market share at the discriminating firm’s expense. Therefore, with asymmetric competition, it may
be the case that one firm would let the other firm assume the burden of price discrimination. We investigate optimal segmentation
in a market with two asymmetric firms and two heterogeneous consumer segments that differ in the importance of price and product
attributes. In particular, we investigate second-degree price discrimination under competition with explicit incentive compatibility
constraints thus extending prior work in marketing and economics. Focusing on the managerial implications, we explore whether
it would be profitable for either or both firms to pursue a segmentation strategy using rebates as a mechanism. We identify
conditions under which one or both firms would want to pursue such segmentation. We find that segmentation lessens competition
for the less price-sensitive consumer segment and that this results in higher profits to both firms. A key to understanding
this result is that segmentation leads to consumer remixing. We establish the key result that if firms are asymmetric in their
attractiveness to consumers, the disadvantaged firm in our model is more likely to pursue a segmentation strategy than its
rival in equilibrium. We then ask whether this result prevails in practice. To this end, we explore competitive segmentation
empirically and are able to verify that disadvantaged firms indeed pursue segmentation through rebates with greater likelihood. 相似文献
17.
This paper studies the empirical relation between market competition and innovation using Luxembourg’s Structural Business
Statistics. The competitive pressure in Luxembourg’s markets is assessed by computing a profit elasticity measure, based on
the idea of cost-efficiency. From this, the paper analyses the relation between competition and innovation performance by
estimating an equation for the determinants of R&D expenditure. The results show that Luxembourg’s industries are characterised
by low levels of competition intensity, especially in markets relevant to competition policy and regulation. The relation
between competition and innovation is non-linear and depends crucially on the efficient use of inputs to production. The impact
of the distribution of technological efficiency on innovation is assessed by measuring both average technology gap and technology
spread. The innovation effort is increasing as industries are closer to the frontier, and decreasing in the technology spread. 相似文献
18.
Spyros Arvanitis 《International Journal of the Economics of Business》2016,23(3):319-349
This paper investigates and compares the relationships for Swiss and Greek firms between indicators for the intensity of use of modern information and communications technologies (ICT), several forms of workplace organization, and human capital, on the one hand, and several measures of innovation performance at firm level, on the other hand. For the Swiss firms, we find that ICT contribute to innovation activities (a) as enablers of process innovation (but not of product innovation) and (b) as means for increasing the efficiency of the R&D process. The organizational variables for “work design” and “employee voice” show significant positive correlations for most innovation indicators. Human capital matters primarily for R&D activities. The findings for the Greek firms indicate positive correlations of ICT with product and process innovation and of new “work design” with product innovation and R&D. No correlation of human capital with innovation could be found. No complementarities for the three factors with respect to innovation performance could be detected in either country. 相似文献
19.
《International Business Review》2022,31(2):101920
Global competition means that firms are under pressure to systematically develop the efficiency of their manufacturing processes. However, little has been said in the international business literature about how firms, especially those subject to severe barriers, can search for knowledge within and across national boundaries to help in the development of process innovation. We build on key aspects of the innovation and search strategy literature to develop our conceptual model and hypotheses, which we test in the context of a less-developed, isolated, and closed economy, using data from 171 automotive component suppliers in Iran. We find that foreign knowledge search is positively related to process innovation, even in an economy that operates under severe economic sanctions. This contributes to the international business field by providing evidence that, while economic sanctions are increasingly used in modern geopolitics by the world’s most powerful countries, these actions may fail to achieve their goals with respect to individual businesses. 相似文献
20.
Welfare gains from Foreign Direct Investment through technology transfer to local suppliers 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We hypothesize that multinational firms operating in emerging markets transfer technology to local suppliers to increase their productivity and to lower input prices. To avoid hold-up by any single supplier, the foreign firm must make the technology widely available. This technology diffusion induces entry and more competition which lowers prices in the supply market. As a result, not just the foreign-owned firm, but all firms downstream of that supply market obtain lower prices. We test this hypothesis using a panel dataset of Indonesian manufacturing establishments. We find strong evidence of productivity gains, greater competition, and lower prices among local firms in markets that supply foreign entrants. The technology transfer is Pareto improving — output and profits increase for firms in both the supplier and buyer sectors. Further, the technology transfer generates an externality that benefits buyers in other sectors downstream from the supply sector as well. This externality may provide a justification for policy intervention to encourage foreign investment. 相似文献