Earnings Management Around Share Repurchases: A Note

This work examines a subset of the important area of earnings management. Specifically, it seeks to identify the extent of earnings management preceding self-tender offers for a sample of U.S. firms. Pre-repurchase total accruals and discretionary current accruals were found to be somewhat lower for a sample of self-tendering firms compared to a sample of industry- and performance-matched control firms. Weak evidence of post-buyback accruals reversal is also presented. The evidence is weakly consistent with the notion that share repurchases are employed by managers to exploit shareholders through earnings management.     

On-market share buybacks, exercisable share options and earnings management

Chan et al. (2006b ) suggest that managers might announce a share buyback to manipulate investors’ perceptions and capitalize on the positive price reaction usually associated with the announcement. The incentive to do so is greater when managers have exercisable options. Prior studies document that managers engage in upwards earnings management for opportunistic reasons related to option holdings (Bergstresser and Philippon, 2006). We examine the association between earnings management and exercisable option holdings for buyback firms to investigate if earnings management in the pre‐buyback period is greater for firms with equity incentives to increase share price. Our results, using 138 buybacks over the period 1996–2003, support our prediction. We find that buyback firms with both exercisable options that are in‐the‐money prior to the buyback announcement as well as options that are exercised in the buyback period have higher discretionary current accruals than buyback firms with no exercisable options, unexercised options or with out‐of‐the‐money options. Overall, our results are consistent with buyback firms with exercisable options using earnings management and buyback announcements to maximize option payoffs, and buyback firms without exercisable options signalling undervaluation.     

股权再融资与企业现金分红

股权再融资往往意味着企业存在大量的融资需求,而实践中普遍存在的股权再融资后立即现金分红的现象有悖于募集资金的优序使用原则。基于此,本文从管理层自利视角出发,在对企业股权再融资后现金分红的行为偏好检验的基础上,进一步选取管理层薪酬增长率和企业股权质押活动作为管理层自利程度的代理变量,探索企业股权再融资后现金分红倾向的边界条件,为该行为背后的代理动机提供证明。基于2007~2017年所有A股上市公司样本,研究发现,企业的确存在股权再融资后立即现金分红的行为倾向;而较低的管理层薪酬增长率和企业股权质押活动会加剧企业股权融资对现金分红的促进作用。进一步研究发现,企业股权再融资活动会给现金分红带来消极的市场反应。上述研究结果表明,管理层自利是股权再融资的重要推动因素,而这一行为会给企业利益造成损害。     

国有股权治理与经营绩效

最近有关民营与国营企业的治理效率的讨论异常激烈,但较多的争论都是采用规范研究或者案例分析的方法,而国内较多的经济学者较早时候采用实证研究方法得出的结论大都为民营企业治理效率高于国有企业,本文采用中国证券市场运作相对成熟的1999-2003五年间的数据进行实证研究,对国有控股与非国有控股进行实证分析,得出的结论为国有控股企业平均业绩高于民营企业。这里当然有国有上市公司中一部分垄断性企业获取了垄断收益的影响,但是国有上市公司近年来不断提高业绩以及民营企业最近借壳上市后导致上市公司形成巨大亏损的事实都与本文的结论暗合。     

如何化解“大小非”解禁对中国股市的负面影响

本文通过对"大小非"①历史渊源的整理以及对2008年以来已解禁非流通股的分析,发现"大小非"解禁后短期内并没有发生大股东抛售股份的情况,股市的低落更多是来自于投资者信心的不足,进而提出了一系列针对"大小非"解禁安排的政策建议,包括大股东交易前申报转让制、"特别税"的征收以及大宗交易平台的建立完善等。     

股权分置改革——由市场走势引发的思考

股权分置改革后,沪深两市也走出了振荡中稳步攀升的走势,上证指数上涨幅度超过40％。这意味着,经过股权分置改革,资本市场“晴雨表”功能正在逐步发挥、资产定价标准趋于合理、价值投资理念逐步形成、管理层激励机制开始发挥作用以及我国的资本市场开始与国际接轨。然而现在毕竟处于股权分置改革初期,许多历史遗留问题还没有解决,因此还要通过完善新股发行的制度安排、切实解决上市公司大股东占款问题以及遏制更强烈的虚假信息披露冲动,来巩固股权分置改革的成果。     

外资入股中国银行业：如何超越“贱卖”的争论与分歧

2005年以来,外资入股中国银行业显著加速,国外银行机构进入中国银行业的路径也明显转换。国有银行股权“贱卖贵卖”之争实质上是监管制度和金融市场差异所致。我们认为,在中国银行业开放的过程中,不应当局限在银行贱卖贵卖之争,而应当在此基础上深入思考整个经济金融体系的改革问题。     

股份回购:提升公司内在价值的新思路

股份回购是我国证券市场的一个新生事物，实施股份回购会对上市公司产生深远影响。本在对股份回购作了简要介绍了基础上，主要探讨了股份回购后对上市公司值提升的意义并提出了回购过程中应注意的问题。     

抵押资产价值评估:机构、技术与法律环境

抵押贷款是近年来商业银行信贷的主要方式。然而,由于抵押品自身存在的风险以及银行在抵押品评估中的疏漏,抵押贷款难以收回所导致的银行危机屡见不鲜。因此,抵押品价值评估机构体系的建立和设置,以及各种评估技术的创新和评估系统法律环境的建立,成为缓释银行信用危机、降低银行信贷风险的关键。     

The influence of earnings per share on capital issues: some evidence from UK companies

This paper investigates the simple hypothesis that when companies issue more capital, they have a tendency to select the type of capital, all other things being equal, which results in the higher short-term earnings per share (eps). The methodology employs probit analysis to test the hypothesis that the form of issue selected was that which gave the higher eps after controlling for other factors such as leverage and industry classification. The results lead us to conclude that there is evidence in capital issues of functional fixation on eps.     

股权分置改革中的对价：一个联立方程模型

为解释股权分置改革中对价的决定因素,本文构建了联立方程模型。认为股权分置改革完成后公司的价值会因对价的支付而发生变化。另一方面,流通股股东和非流通股股东会通过预期股改后的公司价值来决定对价。因此,对价和公司价值是相互联系的内生变量。其他外生变量或直接作用于对价,或通过影响公司的价值来影响对价。与现有相关文献中的单方程模型不同,本文模型将影响公司价值的因素合理地引入模型,因而更为系统地解释了对价的决定因素。     

浅议供应链资金失衡与供应链金融

供应链资金失衡的直接表现是围绕在核心企业周围的中小企业筹资困难、资金缺乏造成经营困难,影响到整个供应链的稳定和发展,由于整个供应链的资金失衡,核心企业的竞争力和经营发展也将遭受影响。供应链金融是现代金融创新的产物,需要在风险可控的前提下根据供应链内企业的特点精心设计、多方合作、谨慎运作。商业银行等金融机构在以核心企业为中心的供应链中切入金融服务,为供应链中围绕在核心企业周围的上下游配套的中小企业提供流动资金贷款,缓解供应链资金失衡现象,实现银企多方共赢,提高中小企业的综合融资能力。     

Book Review Section

Books reviewed:
Chun Wei Choo, The Knowing Organization: How Organizations Use Information to Construct Meaning, Create Knowledge, and Make Decisions
J. Hoeggett and L. Edwards, Financial Accounting in Australia
Anita S. Hollander, Eric L. Denna and J. Owen Cherrington, Accounting Information Technology and Business Solutions
Michael McGrath and Christopher Viney, Financial Institutions, Instruments and Markets
J. William Petty, Rolffe Peacock, Peter Martin, Michael Burrow, Arthur J. Keown, David F. Scott Jr, and John D. Martin, Review of Financial Management     

商业银行业务保证金面临的法律风险及防范措施探讨

随着金融创新的不断深化,商业银行产品中涉及保证金的业务越来越多。保证金成为商业银行降低相关业务风险的重要手段,也成为广大公司及个人客户获取相应金融服务的重要要件。但由于目前法律法规对保证金性质的规定不明确,实践中对于保证金的法律定性存在不同认识,导致保证金被查封、冻结甚至扣划的现象时有发生,保证金的安全性和业务保障能力被打折扣。本文从法律视角研究保证金所面临的主要法律风险,并提出了多种化解风险的措施。