Capital and income financialization: Accounting for the 2008 financial crisis

Financialization is recognised as a key feature of the 2008 financial crisis. We argue that a lesson is the need for an accounting framework which focuses upon financialization allowing it to be monitored and controlled by stakeholders. We argue that financialization has been permitted through the failure of accounting to distinguish distributable income from capital gains/transfers and to distinguish productive from speculative capital. We introduce an accounting presentation (4S accounting) which effectively makes these distinctions. We use a stylized example to illustrate how it should be applied to the financial reporting of banks.     

Economic consequences of financial reporting changes: diluted EPS and contingent convertible securities

This paper examines the economic consequences of changes in the financial reporting requirements for contingent convertible securities (COCOs). Using a sample of 199 COCO issuers from 2000 to 2004, we find that issuers are more likely to restructure or redeem existing COCOs to obtain more favorable accounting treatment when the financial reporting impact on diluted earnings per share (EPS) is greater and when EPS is used as a performance metric in CEO bonus contracts. These results provide new evidence that managers are willing to incur costs to retain perceived financial reporting and compensation benefits. We also present evidence of significantly negative stock returns around event dates associated with the financial reporting changes, consistent with investor anticipation of the agency costs associated with the rule change.

金融危机发生条件及其对中国金哨开放的警示——以新兴市场国家为例

金融危机成因固然复杂,但是循着新兴市场金融危机特征、金融危机模型以及大量相关实证分析的路径,可以追溯到金融危机的主要生成条件。在固定汇率制条件下开放金融业,如果出现宏观基本面恶化、金融体系扭曲、公众对政府政策预期不乐观等现象,金融危机就有可能在各种层面孪生、爆发并传染。金融危机爆发的充要条件是值得中国政府开放金融市场进程中予以关注的。     

Research on Embeddedness of Financial Institution in Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone

伴随着区域合作与发展的深化,如何挖掘现有的金融资源,加快引进有竞争力的金融机构,让引进的金融机构主体立足本地、根植本地,自觉地将自己的经营战略融入区域经济活动之中,成为金融管理监管部门思考的重要课题。本文以金融机构根植性这一创新视角,以广西北部湾经济区为例,分析金融机构根植性对经济区金融的传导机制,最后提出在政府服务功能、金融生态环境建设、保持适度差距等方面进行改进的建议。     

Financialisation,financial chains and uneven geographical development: Towards a research agenda

This paper examines a critical relationship between finance and uneven geographical development, using Europe as a point of reference. It argues that the existing economic geography literature fails to fully address the implications of financialisation for uneven geographical development. In particular, and despite recent renewed interest in geographies of finance, there does not seem to be a coherent theory of debt and its spatialities. The paper argues that the lack of a coherent theoretical framework on spatialities of credit–debt is a major shortcoming and highlights the need for a geographically-informed view of financialisation and its implications for uneven development. As a way forward, the paper proposes a new approach based on the concept of ‘financial chains’ understood both as channels of value transfer and as social relations that shape socio-economic processes over space and time.     

Trust in,trust out: a real cost of sudden and significant financial loss

This study examines the loss of trust that occurs when individuals suffer from sudden and significant financial loss. We use a qualitative case study to show that individuals lose trust in a range of parties, including financial advisors, banks, credit providers, government and perhaps most damagingly of all, oneself. Such outcomes are concerning as all financial services are based on trust between various parties, and trust is important in making financial decisions. A lack of trust can lead to poorer individual and societal outcomes. It also suggests that trends to financial self‐sufficiency have risks, which impact well beyond monetary losses.     

Performance evaluation bias: A comparative study on the role of financial fixation,similarity-to-self and likeability

Performance evaluations are critical to organizational control. Dissatisfaction with systems emphasizing financial targets only has driven many companies to adopt systems using multiple performance measures. These multiple measurement systems (MMS) however may exacerbate certain cognitive biases. Using multiple performance measures can be a cognitively complex task that invites coping reactions anchored in simplifying heuristic biases, such as the likability of the target evaluatee and similarity-to-self. There are reasons to believe that these biases may manifest differently across “individualistic” or “collectivist” cultures. Our study examines three biases (financial fixation, similarity-to-self and likeability) across two distant cultures (United States and Spain) along the individualistic–collectivist dimensions. Participants are MBA students from Spain and the US. Consistent with theory-based predictions, we find that likability and similarity-to-self impact Spanish participants while financial fixation presents greater influence among US participants. These findings underscore the importance of considering national culture in designing performance measurement systems and advise about the role of specific biases, which are not culturally neutral.     

Integration of financial and management accounting systems: The mediating influence of a consistent financial language on controllership effectiveness

Two fundamental options exist for management accounting system (MAS) design: Either financial records can be used as a database for management accounting (integrated accounting system design), or the MAS can be based upon a separate system, i.e., a third set of books beside financial and tax accounting records. Since the 1990s, many German-speaking firms have changed from the second to the first option, which has instigated a highly controversial debate.Our paper contributes to this debate by empirically analyzing (1) whether the integration of financial and management accounting has a positive impact on controllership effectiveness, and (2) what causal inferences relate both variables. We use structural equation modelling for a sample of 149 dyads surveyed from German top 1500 firms. We identify no significant effect of the technical aspects of MAS integration, but a fully mediating influence of a consistent financial language on controllership effectiveness. Our results thus imply that consistency with financial reporting is an important property of MAS design from management's point of view.     

The effects of activity and geographic diversification on performance: Evidence from French financial institutions

Our paper studies the impact of activity and geographic diversification on financial institution's performance. These diversification strategies are complementary in generating performance and may provide important implications. Moreover, we investigate the interaction between these two strategies. Our dataset comprises 4532 years observations over the period of 2002 to 2012 and covers 412 French financial institutions. We find a negative relationship between diversification and performance. However, this relationship is significantly positive when institutions implement a dual diversification strategy. In this paper, we propose a classification of French financial institutions. For generalists’ banks and cooperative banks, we find similar results to those of the entire sample. Furthermore, for specialized financial institutions, the relationship is positive and significant. Our findings are robust to the potential endogeneity problem and to measures of diversification and performance.     

The relative influence of competitive intensity and business strategy on the relationship between financial leverage and performance

This study empirically investigates the effects of competitive intensity and business strategy on the relationship between financial leverage and the performance of firms. Based on a sample of US manufacturing firms, this study confirms the hypothesis that the cost of debt is higher for product differentiation firms than cost leadership firms. Furthermore, the results indicate that competitive intensity has a negative effect on the leverage-performance relationship, suggesting that competition acts as a substitute for debt in limiting manager's opportunistic behavior. These findings reinforce the need to consider moderating factors such as strategic choice and the environment in which a firm operates when investigating the effects of leverage on performance.     

关于金融产业集聚与区域金融中心建设的思考

随着经济金融全球化的加速发展,金融产业出现高度集聚的现象,形成了具有不同影响力的金融中心。与实体产业集聚的研究相比,金融产业集聚具有自己的特征,目前在这方面的研究还很不够。金融产业集聚的高度发展形成了金融中心。金融中心建设的成败在于总部金融建设。国外金融中心建设的成功经验为我们加快国际金融中心和区域金融中心建设提供了有益的启示。     

我国金融周期计量及其波动特征的实证分析

本文首先选取代表性金融指标:广义货币供给M2、银行信贷额、股票市值和保费金额作为权数,计算指标增长率的基础上建构中国金融周期指数,根据指数序列,利用HP滤波模型对我国金融周期指数以及构成周期指数的指标变量进行周期和趋势特征分析,在此基础上给出我国金融周期指数分析的结论。     

中国政府金融监管制度的演进与特点（1900～1949）

中国的金融监管始于20世纪初,经历了清末、北洋政府和南京国民政府等不同时期;金融监管体制经历了"单一监管——双头监管——单一监管"的变迁过程;其变迁方式表现为以强制性变迁为主,诱致性变迁为辅,且二者之间为一种逆向交替关系。     

资源流动性与经济转型时期的中国地方财政职能

传统财政理论在论述地方财政职能时,都隐含着资源可以在各辖区间充分流动的理论前提,在此前提下,地方政府在宏观经济稳定和再分配方面的作用有限;但是,新近的一些观点对此提出了挑战,而处于经济转型时期的中国地方财政的实际职能也充分地印证了这些新的观点.从长远来看,中国地方财政职能的有效发挥,有赖于中央和地方之间合理地划分事权.在此基础上,经济转型时期的中国地方财政职能才能不断优化,财政支出效率也能得到提高.     

A comparison of debt measures in fiscal statistics and public sector financial statements

This paper examines the differences between measures of debt used to analyse a government's financial position. It compares the statistical and accounting approaches and presents a way of reconciling the two statements: thereby identifying possible convergence between GPFS and GFS. In doing so, it contributes to the ongoing international debate on harmonization of public sector accounting standards, such as IPSAS/EPSAS and GFS.     

区域金融发展水平差异的测算与比较：以安徽省为例

本文从与区域金融发展相关的因素出发,对安徽省17个地区的金融发展因素进行了归纳分析,试图发现安徽省区域金融发展水平的差异与特点,并在此基础上,对安徽省区域金融发展提出了相关的政策建议。研究发现,与整体经济发展水平相似,安徽省区域金融发展水平同样呈现出南北不均衡的特点。     

农村普惠金融的特点及制约因素

现今我国已进入金融领域供给侧结构性改革的攻坚阶段。供给侧改革不仅是解决“三农问题”,改善城乡二元结构的基本切入点,也是提升精准扶贫效率,为广大农民谋利益的关键。而如何建设立体化、全方位、广覆盖的农村普惠金融发展体系就成为了实现金融领域供给侧改革的重点。农村普惠金融因服务对象的特殊性普遍具有金融排斥特征,同时金融产品的低端化又使得其具有信用风险和适应性成本控制,因此农村普惠金融亟需通过创新来克服诸多制约因素,使政府和金融机构的双位联动共同作用于农村普惠金融的创新发展。     

经济欠发达地区农村金融效率与经济增长关系探析--基于甘肃省14个地州市面板数据

基于2005年-2014年甘肃省14个地州市面板数据,对帕加诺模型作适当变换后,建立随机效应变截距模型,分析欠发达地区农村金融效率与经济增长的关系。结果表明：欠发达地区农村金融效率与农村经济增长之间存在长期均衡关系。农村金融效率促进农村经济的增长,农村边际资本生产率、农村储蓄率和农村储蓄向投资的转化率对农村经济增长的作用力由高到低依次为：农村储蓄率、农村储蓄向投资的转化率、农村边际资本生产率。     

石油金融：融合态势与中国发展战略

随着现代经济的发展,石油与金融的结合越来越紧,石油金融化趋势日益凸显。因此,为应对国际石油价格的未来走势,保障中国金融体系和中国经济的安全和长期稳定发展,中国迫切需要制定石油金融体系。新形势下中国石油金融体系构建的战略取向为：多层次构建石油交易市场体系;多渠道营造石油银行系统;多途径形成石油基金组合;多方位灵活运用石油外汇等。     

Securitization markets and central banking: An evaluation of the term asset-backed securities loan facility

In response to the near collapse of US securitization markets in 2008, the Federal Reserve created the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility, which offered non-recourse loans to finance investors’ purchases of certain highly rated asset-backed securities. We study the effects of this program and find that it lowered interest rate spreads for some categories of asset-backed securities but had little impact on the pricing of individual securities. These findings suggest that the program improved conditions in securitization markets but did not subsidize individual securities. We also find that the risk of loss to the US government was small.